Effects of micro-alloying with Sc and Mn on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg based alloys

1INTRODUCTIONAluminum alloys containing scandium havemany excellent properties,such as high strengthtogether with high ductility,good neutron-irradia-tion and corrosion-resistance,and superior weld-ability[14],thus can serve as high-performancestructural materials.They are mainly used formanufacturing aerospace,defense and militaryfacilities.However,a critical Sc content must bereachedin the alloys in order to obtain a good per-formance[57],suggesting that a relatively largequantity of Sc…     

Microstructures and properties of Sn-Ag-Cu lead-flee solder alloys containing La

Trace amounts of La were utilized to improve the melting behaviors, microstructures, tensile properties and microhardness of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu lead-free solder alloy. La has little effect on the melting behavior of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy according to the differential thermal analysis （DTA） tests. The X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns show that β-Sn, Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5 coexist in the as-cast solder alloys and LaSn3 phases emerge when adding 0.4% La. The microstructures modified by La are more uniform and much finer than that of baseline alloy, and the coarse LaSn3 particles with complex dendrites are observed by optical microscopy （OM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） when the addition of La is up to 0.4%. The composition of the LaSn3 phases is identified by energy-dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. There are considerable improvements in mechanical properties with 0.05% and 0.1% addition, but degenerations by adding 0.4%La. The Vickers microhardness of β-Sn and eutectic area are both enhanced with the addition of La and the microhardness of LaSn3 is much larger than those of β-Sn and eutectic area.     

Effect of high-temperature pre-precipitation on mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking of Al-Zn-Mg alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONMediumandhighstrengthAl Zn Mgseriesaluminumalloysarethe primaryweldingstructurematerialsofaerocrafts ,transportationvehiclesandmilitaryequipments[1,2 ] ,duetoitsbetterweldabilityandexcellenttechnologicalproperty .Buttheexten siveutilizationofthesealloysishamperedbyitspoorstresscorrosioncracking (SCC)resistance[3,4 ] .Ac cordingly ,manystudieshavebeenconcernedwithsuchaproblemashowtoimprovestresscorrosionre sistanceofAl Zn Mgalloyswithnon deterioratedstrength[3,58] .Atpres…     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr addition on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys

Three kinds of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based alloys with 0.22%, 0.36%（Sc＋Zr） （mass fraction, %）, and without Sc, Zr addition were prepared by ingot metallurgy. By using optical microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the effects of microalloying elements of Sc, Zr on the microstructure of super-high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys related to mechanical properties were investigated. The tensile properties and microstructures of the studied alloys under different heat treatment conditions were studied. The addition of minor Sc, Zr results in the formation of Ala（Sc,Zr） particles. These particles are highly effective in refining the microstructures, retarding recrystallization, pinning dislocations and subboundaries. The strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was greatly improved by simultaneously adding minor Sc, Zr, meanwhile the ductility of the studied alloys remains at a higher level. The 0.36%（Sc＋Zr） alloys gain the optimal properties after 465 ℃/h solution and 120 ℃/24 h aging. The increment of strength is mainly due to strengthening of fine grain and substructure and precipitation ofAl3（Sc, Zr） particles.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of double hot-extruded AZ80＋xSr wrought alloys

The effects of Sr addition on microstructures and tensile properties of the as-cast and hot-extruded AZ80 alloys were studied by OM, SEM, EDS, XRD, DSC and Instron tester. The results show that the microstructures of as-cast alloys consist of a-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 phase. Sr gathers on the boundaries, and dissolves into β-Mg17Al12 phase or forms Mg17Sr2 phase. The grains of ascast alloys are refined and discontinuous net-shaped structure is formed. The compound phases on the boundaries become thicker with increasing Sr content. The ultimate tensile stress（UTS） and elongation are improved compared with the corresponding Sr-free alloy. After preliminary hot-extruding, the UTS is up to 308-320 MPa and elongation reaches 8.0%-13.5%. After double hot-extrusion, the dynamic recrystallization completes totally, and the UTS is up to 310-355 MPa, but the elongation does not change apparently. The alloy with 0.02%Sr （mass fraction） obtains the best comprehensive performance with the UTS of 355 MPa and elongation of 13.2%. The SEM morphology of fracture surface shows that the alloys with Sr present good ductility after double hot-extrusion.     

Microstructures and properties of titanium alloys Ti-Mo for dental use

The microstructures and properties of a series of binary Ti-Mo alloys with molybdenum contents ranging from 5% to 20%（mass fraction） were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the crystal structure and morphology of the cast alloys are sensitive to their molybdenum contents. When the Mo content is 5%, the equiaxed a crystal grain is observed. When the Mo content is 10%, the equiaxed a crystal grain and fine needles β phase are observed. When the Mo contents are 15% and 20%, only the equiaxed β crystal grain is observed. When the Mo content is 10%, the synthetical properties of the Ti-Mo alloy are the best. The data of hardness （HV451）, compression strength （1636 MPa）, compression ratio （22.5%） and elastic modulus （29.8 GPa） were collected. The increase of molybdenum contents is propitious to crystal refinement and improvement of plasticity of Ti-Mo alloys. The dry wear resistance of Ti-Mo alloys against Gr 15 ball was investigated on CJS 111A ball-disk wear instrument. The results show that the dry wear resistance of Ti-Mo alloys is correlative with hardness and mechanical properties. With the ductility increasing, the dry wear resistance reduces. The friction coefficient of 10%Mo alloy is the lowest, the dry wear resistance is the best. The wear particles, wear scar depth and width of the 10%Mo alloy are smaller than that of other Ti-Mo alloys. Considering all kinds of properties of Ti-Mo alloys, 10%Mo alloy is prospective dental prostheses material.     

Different grain refinement mechanisms of minor zirconium and cerium in magnesium alloys

Zirconium and rare earth element cerium were added in magnesium and magnesium alloys to study their different grain refinement mechanisms. The results show that zirconium has an obvious refinement effect on the cast grain of magnesium and its alloys without the alloy element Al because the crystal structure of zirconium is the same as magnesium matrix, and the lattice parameters are close to magnesium. Zirconium can decrease the grain size of magnesium from 150 to 20 pm. The rare earth cerium also has a grain refinement effect on Mg and Mg-Al alloy. The cerium atoms tend to remain in the liquid rather than solidify with the solvent atoms magnesium at the solid-liquid interface. The liquid constitutional undercooling can provide a heterogeneous crystal nucleation. The grain is refined from 200 μm to 40-80 μm. These two elements have different grain refinement mechalfism on Mg alloy. The mechanism of zirconium is that it acts as the nuclei of α-Mg. But the mechanism of cerium is that it increases the liquid constitutional undercooling that can provide a heterogeneous crystal nucleation for the alloy.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mn alloy with La and Sm addition

The effect of single addition of La or Sm on the microstructures and mechanical properties of an Al-Cu-Mn alloy were investigated by microstructure characterization and tensile test.The results show that addition of La or Sm into the Al-Cu-Mn alloy can remarkably increase the density of θ' phase and refine the microstructure,and thus,improves the mechanical properties at room temperature.La addition results in a more considerable increase in the density and refinement of θ' phase than Sm addition.La addition has a more significant contribution on the mechanical properties of the Al-Cu-Mn alloy than Sm addition.in addition,a new phase of Al6Cu6La is formed in the Al-Cu-Mn alloy with La addition.     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

1 Introduction The microstructure and properties of aluminium alloys are strongly affected by adding small quantities of scandium. Minor Sc may improve the temperature of recrystallization and fracture toughness, decrease the sensitivity of stress corrosi…     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of hot rolled AZ31 Mg alloy sheets

The microstructures and mechanical properties of hot rolled AZ31 Mg alloy sheets were studied to understand the microstructure evolution during AZ31 Mg alloy hot rolling process. The roller was heated to 180 ℃ with burning hydrogen, and the extruded plates were rolled at 400 ℃ from 10 to 1 mm with a reduction of 30% in thickness per pass. The result shows that there is no side-cracking of these rolled sheets every pass. The extruded microstructures are greatly refined and mechanical properties are improved. The fine grains of about 4μm were obtained of the final 0.9 mm sheets.     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg based alloys

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｍｉｎｏｒＳｃａｎｄＺｒｉｓａｎｅｗ ｇｒｏｕｐｏｆｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ,ｈｉｇｈｄｕｃｔｉｌｉｔｙ ,ｇｏｏｄｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｗｅｌｄａｂｉｌｉｔｙ[1～ 5] .Ｉｔｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎａｅｒｏｓｐａｃｅ ,ｎｕｃｌｅａｒｅｎｅｒｇｙａｎｄｓｈｉｐｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ .Ｔｈｅｓｉ ｍｕｌｔａｎｅｏｕｓａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｃ ,ＺｒｏｒＴ…     

微量Sc和Zr对Al-Mg-Mn合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用活性熔剂保护熔炼、水冷铜模激冷铸造制备Al-5.8Mg-0.4Mn和Al-5.8Mg-0.4Mn-0.25Sc-0.1Zr(质量分数,%)两种合金铸锭。合金铸锭经热轧中间退火冷轧成2 mm薄板;研究稳定化退火及微量Sc和Zr对Al-Mg-Mn合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:在Al-Mg-Mn合金中加入微量Sc和Zr后形成大量弥散的Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子,这些粒子对位错和亚晶界具有强烈的钉扎作用,能明显提高合金的抗再结晶能力和室温力学性能;Al-Mg-Mn-Sc-Zr合金板材经300℃退火1 h后可获得最佳综合力学性能,其σb、σ0.2与δ分别为436 MPa、327 MPa和16.7%。     

Effects of scandium and zirconium combination alloying on as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy

The influences of minor scandium and zirconium combination alloying on the as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy have been experimentally investigated.The experimental results show that when the minor elements of scandium and zirconium are simultaneously added into the Al-4Cu-1.5Mg alloy,the as-cast microstructure of the alloy is effectively modified and the grains of the alloy are greatly refined.The coarse dendrites in the microstructure of the alloy without Sc and Zr additions are refined to the uniform and fine equiaxed grains.As the additions of Sc and Zr are 0.4% and 0.2%,respectively,the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the alloy are relatively better,which are 275.0 MPa,176.0 MPa and 8.0% respectively.The tensile strength is increased by 55.3%,and the elongation is nearly raised three times,compared with those of the alloy without Sc and Zr additions.     

Effect of Sc and Zr on microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloys

Microstructures of as-cast Al-Mg-Si-Mn alloys with and without Sc and Zr were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersion spectrum analysis. Addition of 0.2%-0.4% Sc can refine the grain size and change the growth morphology from dendritic to fine equi-axial crystal. The higher the addition of Sc, the finer the as-cast grain size. The tensile strength is increased by more than 30% with 0.4% Sc. Moreover, an addition of 0.1%-0.2% Zr is able to refine grain size and change the growth morphology from dendritic to equi-axial grain too, but less effective. However, Zr is found to increase the ductility of the cast alloys, and the elongation is increased to 11.97% with 0.2% Zr.     

Microstructures evolution and mechanical properties disparity in 2070 Al-Li alloy with minor Sc addition

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-3.35Cu-1.2Li-0.4Mg-0.4Zn-0.3Mn-0.1Zr (mass fraction, %) alloy with Sc addition or free Sc were investigated through tensile test, SEM, EPMA and TEM. The addition of 0.082% (mass fraction) Sc element leads to the formation of Cu-rich and Sc-contained nano-sized Al₃(ScZr) particles and W phase particles. The Al₃(ScZr) particles can inhibit recrystallization to a certain extent and impede recrystallized grain growth during solution treatment. It is found that W phase cannot dissolve in supersaturated solid solution during the solution heat treatment, and the Cu content in the solutionized matrix is decreased, which causes a decrease in the fraction of Cu-contained strengthening precipitates with T₁ (Al₂CuLi) and θ′ (Al₂Cu) under T8 aging condition. Due to the formation of the W phases, the small Sc addition causes a little reduction in the strength.     

Effects of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys

Five kinds of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys with different Sc additions were prepared by ingot metallurgy. The effects of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys were investigated using tensile tests, optical microscopy (OM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are improved by 94 and 110 Mpa, respectively, and the elongation to failure remains at a reasonable extent (11.1%) in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloy with 0.21 wt.% Sc addition after solution heat treatment at 475℃ for 40 min and then aged at 120℃ for 24 h. The addition of minor Sc induces the formation of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles, which are highly effective in refining the cast microstructures, retarding recrystallization, and pinning dislocations. The increment of strength is attributed mainly to fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles, and substructure strengthening.     

Effect of scandium on superplasticity of Al-Mg alloys

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｌ Ｍｇ Ｓｃａｌｌｏｙ ｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｅｓｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ ,ｈｉｇｈｔｏｕｇｈｎｅｓｓ,ｌｏｗｅｒｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ,ｇｏｏｄｗｅｌｄａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｃｏｒ ｒｏｓｉｏｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ[1 ,2 ] .Ａｐｐｌｙｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｕｐｅｒｐｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｓｅａｌｌｏｙｓｔｏｆｏｒｍｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｐａｒｔｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｐａｃｅｃｒａｆｔｉｓａｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｕｂｊｅｃｔａｔｐｒｅ ｓｅｎｔ[3 ,4] .Ｔｈｉｓｒｅｓｅａ…     

2219-T87铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对8mm厚2219-T87铝合金进行了焊接.对接头的宏观形貌、微观组织、显微硬度及断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明,焊核区为细小的等轴晶粒,晶粒尺寸远小于母材;热机影响区发生了弯曲变形;热影响区组织出现了明显粗化.前进边热机影响区和焊核区形成明显分界线,后退边相对模糊.搅拌摩擦焊对接头各区域沉淀相分布形态有重要影响.接头室温拉伸强度可以达到母材的70%以上.沿焊缝横截面的显微硬度的分布显示,硬度最低点位于后退侧热影响区区域,断裂位置位于后退侧热影响区处,接头的断裂形式为韧性断裂.