Mechanism of strengthening of cube texture for high purity aluminum foils by additional-annealing

1　INTRODUCTIONHighpurityaluminumfoilsareusedastheanodematerialofhighvoltageelectrolyticcapacitorswhichneedstrongcubetexture { 0 0 1}〈10 0〉forlargeeffec tivesurfacefromchanneletching[1] .Becauseofitstechnicalimportance ,alotofeffortshavebeenmadetodevelopstrongcubetextureinhigh purityalu minumfoils[2 8] .Itwasfoundthatthecubetextureinthefoilscanbestrengthenedviaanannealingpro cessfollowedbyalowcoldrolling[7,8] ,andsuchanannealingiscalledadditional annealinginthispaper .Buttherewerefewinv…     

冷轧3004铝合金再结晶织构的研究

应用取向分布函数 (ODF)研究和分析了冷轧 3 0 0 4铝合金的形变织构和不同工艺退火后的再结晶织构。结果表明 :3 0 0 4铝合金 70 %～ 95 %冷轧形变范围内 ,形变织构均由C{112 }〈111〉、B{110 }〈112〉、S{12 3 }〈63 4〉织构组分组成 ,其中B{110 }〈112〉、S{12 3 }〈63 4〉织构组分强度变化不大 ,C{112 }〈111〉织构组分强度随形变量的增加而增大 ,当形变量增加到 90 %～ 95 %以后 ,其取向密度基本稳定在 7级。冷轧形变量对 3 0 0 4铝合金再结晶织构有明显影响 ,形变量在 80 %～ 90 %范围时 ,再结晶织构均由强的立方织构和弱的冷轧织构组成 ;70 %形变时 ,再结晶织构中立方织构{0 0 1}<10 0 >、R/S{12 4}<2 11>织构、S{12 3 }〈63 4〉织构和C{112 }〈111〉织构组分强度均较弱 ;95 %形变时 ,再结晶织构则由强的冷轧织构和较弱的立方织构组成。预回复 (相当于慢速加热 )具有增强立方织构的作用 ;快速加热则相反。     

(110)[110]Fe-Si单晶体的冷轧和再结晶

研究了(110)[110]Fe-Si单晶体的冷轧和再结晶。经过70—90%冷轧后,得到了强的{111}〈110〉和弱的{111}〈112〉加工织构,退火后得到了集中的{111}〈112〉再结晶织构。冷轧变形后,{111}〈112〉取向的地区比{111}〈110〉取向的地区先发生回复,{111}〈112〉取向的亚晶吞并滞后回复的地区而长大,成为再结晶晶核。这种再结晶织构的形成过程,可以概括地称为同位成核-选择生长。     

浸渍挤压(SiCw+B4Cp)/Mg(AZ91)复合材料的微观组织

利用透射电子显微术研究了浸渍挤压 (SiCw B4Cp) /Mg(AZ91)复合材料的微观组织结构。结果表明 ,B4Cp/Mg界面处生成了很多MgO和MgB2 反应产物 ,而SiC/Mg界面处反应产物较少。基体中形成了大颗粒体心立方结构的Mg17(Al,Zn) 12 相和未知的弥散小颗粒物相。大量观察及综合分析表明 ,SiC和Mg之间不存在固定晶体学位向关系 ,只可能出现一些择优取向关系 ,出现几率较大的取向关系为 :{ 111} SiC∥ { 0 0 0 1} Mg,〈1—0 1〉SiC∥〈112 —0〉Mg和 { 111} SiC∥ { 10 1—0 } Mg,〈11—0〉SiC∥〈12 —10〉Mg。     

COLD-ROLLING AND RECRYSTALLIZATION OF (110)[110] IRON-SILICON SINGLE CRYSTALS

After70-90% cold-rolling,strong{111}〈110〉and weak {111},〈112〉 cold-rolled tex- tures and perfect{111}〈112〉 recrystallization texture were obtained in Fe-Si single crys- tals.The cold-rolled textures with different orientations possesses different ability for recov- ery because of the difference of dislocation structure and store energy alter cold-rolling.The recovery taking place at{111}〈112〉orientation region was prior to that at{111}〈110〉 orientation region.hese subgrains with{111}〈112〉 orientation became recrvstallization nuclei during their growth at expending the surrounding matrix which was sluggish in recovery process.The development of recrystallization textures may be suggested as a process of “nucleation in-situ-selective growth”.The formation of(111)textures in low carbon steel sheets has been discussed in the light of this suggestion.     

冷轧板再结晶退火中组织和织构演变的研究

薄板坯连铸连轧(CSP)热轧板料经热处理来适当调整组织后进行冷轧及退火,并运用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术研究了再结晶退火中组织和织构的演变.结果表明:发生再结晶的温度范围是530℃～590℃,590℃为完全再结晶温度;再结晶发生时冷轧变形基体和新晶粒取向的晶界角度差大约为25°～55°;{111}〈110〉、{111}〈112〉取向在再结晶初期和中期发生很大的变化,而{001}〈110〉、{112}〈110〉取向在再结晶后期才发生很大的变化;EBSD检测的结果分析可得{001}〈110〉、{112}〈110〉、{111}面取向储存的变形能依次增加.     

Cu元素对无取向电工钢板表层织构的影响

采用EBSD技术研究Cu含量对低碳低硅无取向电工钢热轧板、常化板、冷轧板和成品板表层织构的影响.结果表明,卷取过程中Cu元素在热轧板表层的偏聚作用阻碍{100}晶粒的长大,导致{100}织构组分减少,不利的{111} 〈100〉、{112} 〈100〉、{554} 〈100〉织构和随机织构组分相对增加.常化过程中,表层偏聚的Cu元素在高温下向热轧板心部扩散,对晶粒长大抑制作用降低,同时{100}面具有低表面能,最终使得有利的{100}织构组分长大速率较快,织构组分含量增加.Cu元素对冷轧和成品板表层织构也有一定影响,加入Cu元素后,冷轧板表层{111} 〈112〉织构得到加强,而{111} 〈110〉织构被削弱,成品板的有利织构{100} 〈100〉和{110} 〈100〉面织构组分增加,不利织构{111} 〈100〉组分减少,达到了改善织构,提高磁性能的目的.     

冷轧压下率对连续退火Ti-IF钢组织和深冲性能的影响

以工业生产的Ti-IF钢热轧板为研究材料,结合连续热镀锌线的工艺特点,采用实验室冷轧、盐浴退火方法和金相、X射线织构测试和力学性能检测等分析手段,研究了冷轧压下率对组织、织构和深冲性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,随着冷轧压下率从60%提高到90%,冷轧态α取向线上的取向密度不断增强,主要形成了{223}〈110〉和{114}〈110〉织构,γ取向线上的{111}〈011〉和{111}〈112〉织构亦有所增强;退火后铁素体晶粒尺寸从9.0级细化到10.5级,导致强度(特别是屈服强度)有所增加,η_(90°)值有所降低。试验钢退火后仍具有较强的{223}〈110〉和{114}〈110〉织构,此外,随着冷轧压下率从60%提高到80%,{111}〈110〉和{111}〈112〉织构有增强的趋势,且{111}〈110〉织构比{111}〈112〉织构强,r_(90°)值有所提高;当冷轧压下率进一步提高到90%时,{111}〈112〉织构明显增强,但{111}〈110〉织构变化较小,导致{111}〈112〉织构比{111}〈110〉织构强,使r_(90°)值反而有所降低,这与γ织构分布变化导致制耳分布曲线由典型的4制耳特征转变为6制耳特征有关。     

Textures in high purity aluminum foils and AA3004 sheets

1　INTRODUCTIONWithincreasingdemandsofhighmaterials properties ,thetexturesinAlandAlalloysplaymoreandmoreimportantrole .Highpurityaluminumfoilsneedverystrongcubetexture ,whichwillfavorthe“channeletching”effectforhighvoltageelectrolyticcapacitors ,andAA30 0 4aluminumalloysheetsneedcertaincubetexturetosuppressthe 4 5°earingbehav iorresultingfromstrongrollingtexturecompo nents[1] .InAlandAlalloys ,heavycoldrollingwillresultinstrongβ fibertexturescomposedofthewellknownCu ({ 112 }〈111〉…     

Cr11铁素体不锈钢退火过程中织构变化

利用电子背散射衍射技术（EBSD）并结合光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜,对Cr11铁素体不锈钢不同退火时间下的再结晶织构的演变进行了分析。结果表明,随着退火时间的延长,{112}〈110〉和{100}〈110〉织构减弱,{111}〈110〉和{111}〈112〉织构明显增强,当退火时间达到1800s时,再结晶织构为集中的{111}〈112〉,这主要是再结晶时优先在{111}形变织构基体中形核的结果;对Cr11钢晶粒长大过程中织构演变机制的探讨认为,{111}〈112〉织构成为最终稳定取向是晶粒选择生长的结果,∑13b晶界在这过程中起着重要作用。     

Shear bands in magnesium alloy AZ31

During deformation of magnesium at low temperatures, cracks always develop at shear bands. The origin of the shear bands is the { 1011 } twinning in basal-oriented grains and the mobility of this type of twin boundary is rather low. The most frequent deformation mechanisms in magnesium at low temperature are basal slip and { 1012 } twinning, all leading to the basal texture and therefore the formation of shear bands with subsequent fracture. The investigation on the influences of initial textures and grain sizes reveals that a strong prismatic initial texture of (0001) parallels to TD and fine grains of less than 5 8m can restrict the formation and expansion of shear bands effectively and therefore improve the mechanical properties and formability of magnesium.     

Deformation Mechanisms of Alpha-Uranium Single Crystals

The operative deformation elements in α-uranium single crystals under compression at room temperature have been determined as a function of the compression directions. The deformation mechanisms noted may be arranged with respect to their frequency of occurrence and ease of operation in the following order: 1—(010)-[100] slip, 2—{130} twinning, 3—{~172} twinning, and 4—under special conditions of stress application, kinking, cross-slip, {~176} twinning, and {011} slip. The composition planes of the {172} and {176} systems were found to be irrational. Cross-slip was shown to be associated with the major (010) slip system, coupled with localized interaction of slip on the (001) planes. The mechanism of kinking was found to be similar to that observed in other metals in that it occurred chiefly when the compression direction was nearly parallel to the principal slip direction [100] and was associated with a lattice rotation about an axis contained in the slip plane and normal to the slip direction: the [001] in the uranium lattice. The resolved critical shear stress for slip on the (010)-[100] system was found to be 0.34 kg per mm². In a single test it was shown that under compression in suitable directions twinning on the {130} also occurs at 600°C     

Dependence of Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties on Loading Direction for AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet with Non-basal Texture During In-Plane Uniaxial Tension

In-plane uniaxial tension of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet with non-basal texture has been conducted in order to demonstrate the effects of loading direction on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties at ambient temperature. Loading axes are chosen to be along five directions distributed between rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD), allowing various activities in involved slip and twinning modes to take place. As for twinning modes, electron backscattered diffraction observations confirm that the contribution of ${{\{ 10\overline{1}1\} }}$ compression twinning is minimal to the plastic deformation of all deformed samples. By comparison, ${{\{ 10\overline{1}2\} }}$ extension twinning (ET) not only serves as an important carrier on sustaining and accommodating plastic strain but also contributes to the emergence of TD-component texture with the progression of plastic strain. In terms of slip modes, analysis on Schmid factor demonstrates that the increasing tilted angle between loading direction and RD of sheet is unfavorable to the activation of basal <a> slip, whereas it contributes to the activation of prismatic <a> slip. These observations consequently explain the increasing tendency of 0.2% proof yield stress. Moreover, the activations of basal <a> slip and ${{\{ 10\overline{1}2\} }}$ ET collectively contribute to the concentration of two tilted basal poles toward normal direction. With increasing angle between loading direction and RD, the activations of basal <a> slip and ${{\{ 10\overline{1}2\} }}$ ET are gradually weakened. This leads to a weakening tendency about concentration of two tilted basal poles, a generally increasing tendency about Lankford value (r-value) and a generally decreasing tendency about strain-hardening exponent (n-value).     

动态压缩条件下高纯钛微观组织特征研究

利用光学显微镜(OM)、背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高纯钛低-中应变动态压缩变形的微观组织特征进行了研究。结果表明：随着应变量(ε)的增加,晶粒内部通过孪晶与孪晶,孪晶与位错以及位错与位错之间的交互作用逐步细化原始晶粒;变形初期,形变孪生以{11-22}孪晶为主,当ε达到0.2后,{10-12}孪晶转变为主要形变孪生类型,孪生改变了原始晶粒的取向,进一步促进晶粒内部的位错滑移。高纯钛动态压缩变形经历了由位错滑移到形变孪生,再到位错滑移主导的过程,但位错滑移和孪生始终共同作用协调动态压缩变形。     

Preparation and characterization of Mg alloy rods with gradient microstructure by torsion deformation

Extruded AZ31 Mg alloy rods were subject to free-end torsion deformation at room temperature. The microstructure features of the torsion deformed samples were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction technique. Mg rods with gradient microstructure can be fabricated by torsion deformation. Inhomogeneous distribution of microstructure along the radial direction of the twisted rods is attributed to the linearly increasing strain accumulation and strain rate from core to surface. With increasing equivalent strain, both the amount of {10-12} twins and dislocation density increase and the c-axes of texture tend to rotate towards torsion axis. Although both dislocation slips and {10-12} twinning can be activated during torsion, dislocation slips are considered as the dominated deformation mechanism and responsible for the change of macro-texture for present torsion deformation. {10-12} twins and dislocations in the twisted samples can generate refinement hardening and dislocation hardening, respectively, to increase the hardness value.     

Microstructural Evolution and Biodegradation Response of Mg-2Zn-0.SNd Alloy During Tensile and Compressive Deformation

The effect of deformation behavior on the in vitro corrosion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy was investigated experimentally after uniaxial tensile and compressive stress.The microstructure and texture were characterized using electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction,while potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests were used to investigate the cor-rosion response after deformation.The result reveals that applied compressive stress has more dominant effect on the corro-sion rate of Mg-2Zn-0.5Nd alloy as compared to tensile stress.Both tensile and compressive strains introduce dislocation slip and deformation twins in the alloy,thereby accelerating the corrosion rate due to the increased stress corrosion related to dislocation slips and deformation twins.The { 10(1)2} tension twinning and prismatic slip were the major contributors to tensile deformation while basal slip,and { 10(1)2} tension twin were obtainable during compressive deformation.The twinning activity after deformation increases with the plastic strain and this correlates with the degradation rate.     

AgCu28合金的织构组织与力学性能

用X射线衍射法研究AgCu28合金的轧制变形织构组织和退火织构组织,对它们的延伸率和抗拉强度进行测试。结果表明,当AgCu28合金轧制变形量为95%时,Ag和Cu的主要变形织构是{110}112Brass织构;在H2气氛下经650℃,1.5h退火后,AgCu28的退火织构与变形织构相同;加工态AgCu28合金沿横向(TD)和轧制方向(RD)的抗拉强度分别为750和680MPa,退火态AgCu28合金沿TD和RD的抗拉强度分别是374和327MPa;退火态沿TD和RD的延伸率都约为12%。这表明在两元共晶合金中两相晶粒相互影响导致它们的变形织构与退火织构一致、晶粒显著细化、再结晶温度明显提高、抗拉强度显著提高并存在各向异性。     

Tailoring Texture to Highly Strengthen AZ31 Alloy Plate in the Thickness Direction via Pre-tension and Rolling-Annealing

Conventional wrought Mg alloys, such as AZ31 and ZK60 rolled plates, usually exhibit significantly low tensile yield strength in the thickness direction. This can be attributed to the high activity of {10-12} tension twinning due to the strong basal texture (< 0001 > //ND, normal direction). In this work, the tensile yield strength in the ND of the as-rolled (AR) AZ31 plate increased from 50 to 150 MPa (increased by 200%) via simple processing, i.e., pre-tension and rolling-annealing (PTRA) treatment. The strong basal texture (< 0001 > //ND) of the AR plate was changed into a weakened fiber texture (< 0001 > ⊥ND). The evolution of microstructures during PTRA treatment and the activated deformation modes during uniaxial tension were studied quantitatively and statistically by the means of intergranular misorientation (IM) and in-grain misorientation axes (IGMA) analysis. The results indicate that various twin variants, as well as {10-12}-{10-12} secondary twins, were activated during pre-tension and rolling, and most residual matrix was consumed by twins after annealing. The dominated deformation modes in tension changed from {10-12} tension twinning (the AR sample) to prismatic slip (the PTRA sample) in the early tensile deformation. The underlying formation mechanism of the fiber texture and corresponding strengthening mechanism were discussed.     

冷轧TA18管材变形过程中微观组织及织构

采用SEM、TEM、XRD及EBSD技术,研究TA18合金管材冷轧过程中微观组织及织构的演变。结果表明,TA18合金管材冷轧组织为典型的纤维状组织,滑移变形为主要的变形机制。其中,轧制初始阶段,TA18变形主要以{10-10}棱柱滑移为主;随着变形量的增大,{0001}基面滑移代替棱柱滑移,成为管材中主要变形方式,同时棱锥滑移逐渐开动;当变形量进一步增大时,棱锥滑移代替基面滑移,成为管材中主要的变形方式,织构主要以{10-12}、{10-13}、{10-14}、{11-23}、{11-24}棱锥织构为主。     

Role of {10–12} twinning characteristics in the deformation behavior of a polycrystalline magnesium alloy

The active twin variants during {10–12} twinning of magnesium alloys were dependent on the strain path (i.e., compression perpendicular to the c-axis or tension parallel to the c-axis), and their section mechanism was governed by the Schmid law. The activation of specific twin variants depending on the strain path induced a significant difference in twinning characteristics, such as twin morphology, volume fraction of twins with strain, and twin texture, and consequently gave rise to a totally different effect on the deformation. The differences in the deformation characteristics (flow stress and strain hardening) between both strain paths are explained in relation to activation stresses for twinning and slips, activities of twinning and slips in the deformation, the Hall–Petch effect by twinning-induced grain size change, and twinning-induced change in activities of slips.