一种单晶高温合金叶片表面缺陷的形成机制

研究了一种单晶高温合金SRR99叶片表面亮白"枝晶"状缺陷的形成机制。研究结果表明叶片定向凝固过程中发生了型壳反应,导致Si进入表层合金液中,在叶片表层形成了熔点较高的共晶组织,造成叶片表面的"枝晶"状缺陷,其深度约为10μm。共晶组织的旁边存在显微疏松或显微孔洞,越靠近试样边缘,共晶、疏松尺寸越大。共晶上析出了块状的碳化物。叶片内部组织正常,无共晶,无初熔,γ′相的立方化较好。     

Hf含量对DD6单晶高温合金铸态组织的影响

采用OM,SEM及EDS等方法研究了不同Hf含量对DD6单晶高温合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明,增加Hf含量,DD6合金凝固组织一次枝晶间距先增加后减小;共晶含量增加;枝晶干的γ′相无明显变化,枝晶间的γ′相稍有减小;合金的显微疏松无明显改变,合金元素偏析程度略有减小;合金含有颜色深浅明显不同的两种碳化物。     

新型低钴铸造镍基高温合金的相析出行为研究

利用热力学计算软件JMatPro和差示扫描量热实验，研究新型低钴铸造镍基高温合金的相析出行为，并与实际铸锭的组织、成分进行对比。结果表明，低钴合金铸态组织主要包括γ（基体）、γ′、碳化物（MC、M6C）和γ+γ′共晶组织（体积分数约13.9%），凝固过程中Ta和Hf出现正偏析。DSC测试得出合金初熔点、终熔点和γ′相回溶温度分别为1349.6℃、1300.1℃和1272.1℃，理论计算与实验结果基本一致。热力学计算显示Al、W含量增加能够分别提高γ′和M6C型碳化物的析出量与回溶温度，Hf、Ta元素能增大MC型碳化物的液析倾向，新型低钴合金的预期持久性能优于现有商用镍基多晶铸造高温合金。     

铜模内径对亚快速凝固K424合金析出相的影响

采用阶梯铜模喷铸制备了不同内径的亚快速凝固K424合金,采用时效处理研究了原始非平衡组织状态对快冷合金γ′析出相析出的影响。结果表明:铜模内径的降低可以减弱合金凝固过程中的溶质偏析程度,缩短相变时间,抑制共晶相及析出相形成,有利于获得高固溶组织。经700℃时效30 min处理后,Ф2合金由于形核驱动力高,临界形核半径小,相比Ф6合金优先析出γ′相。当时效温度提高到800℃,低内径铜模基体中可形成均匀分布的析出相,同时形核密度得到显著提高。随时效时间延长,γ′相先快速长大随后缓慢生长,其中Ф2合金由于γ′相过早析出导致其尺寸比相应的Ф6合金更大。析出相析出可以有效增加合金的显微硬度,经800℃时效180 min后Ф2合金硬度高达494 HV0.2,相比原始快冷合金提高13.8%。     

抽拉速率对DD5单晶高温合金定向凝固组织及偏析的影响

研究了高速凝固条件下抽拉速率对DD5单晶高温合金定向凝固组织的影响。结果表明：随着抽拉速率的增大,DD5合金枝晶组织逐渐细化,一次枝晶间距减小;偏析程度加重;γ′相尺寸减小且趋于规则的立方状,枝晶干γ′相的尺寸小于枝晶间;γ/γ′共晶含量、碳化物含量和显微疏松随抽拉速率增大而增加,而γ/γ′共晶和碳化物的尺寸减小。     

P，Zr，B对定向凝固IN738合金组织和偏析的影响SCIEI

用不同凝固速度下定向凝固和定向凝固加快淬的方法研究了Ｐ，Ｚｒ，Ｂ对定向凝固ＩＮ７３８合金组织和偏析的影响发现随磷含量的增加，合金固液两相区宽度及温度区间显著增加；凝固前沿低熔点液相区增大；树枝晶组织发达，二次晶变细、变多；固液界面表面积增加。发现只加Ｐ与同时加Ｐ，Ｚｒ合金的溶质原子偏析规律有差异。Ｐ，Ｚｒ，Ｂ促进合金中（γ＋γ′）共晶形成，在其前沿有（γ＋硼化物）共晶析出。     

近平衡与亚快速凝固条件下K424高温合金组织演化规律研究

采用差示扫描量热仪与铜模喷铸技术,研究了较宽冷速(0.17~100 K/s)范围内K424镍基高温合金的近平衡与亚快速凝固行为。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对不同冷速作用下K424合金γ基体相、γ′沉淀相、MC碳化物及共晶组织进行了表征,并对平均二次枝晶间距进行了定量分析。结果表明：冷速的提高有效细化了初生γ相,二次枝晶间距由0.17 K/s时的84 μm显著下降到100 K/s时的5 μm, 同时导致γ′沉淀相的析出时间缩短,平均晶粒尺寸下降。亚快速凝固条件下所形成的过饱和固溶体在后续加热过程中发生沉淀相析出。枝晶组织的细化与溶质截留的发生,降低了凝固过程中成分偏析,有利于γ+γ′共晶相及碳化物尺寸的下降。     

近平衡与亚快速凝固条件下K424高温合金的组织演化规律

采用差示扫描量热仪与铜模喷铸技术,研究了较宽冷速(0.17~100 K/s)范围内K424镍基高温合金的近平衡与亚快速凝固行为。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对不同冷速作用下K424合金的γ基体相、γ′沉淀相、MC碳化物及共晶组织进行了表征,并对平均二次枝晶间距进行了定量分析。结果表明:冷速的提高有效细化了初生γ相,二次枝晶间距由0.17 K/s时的84μm显著下降到100 K/s时的5μm,同时导致γ′沉淀相的析出时间缩短,平均晶粒尺寸下降。亚快速凝固条件下所形成的过饱和固溶体在后续加热过程中发生沉淀相析出。枝晶组织的细化与溶质截留的发生,降低了凝固过程中成分偏析,有利于γ+γ′共晶相及碳化物尺寸的减小。     

BEHAVIOUR OF Hf IN SOLIDIFICATION OF CAST Ni-BASE SUPERALLOYS

Hf降低铸造高温合金的液相线温度,使最终凝固温度降到1130℃。Hf缩小了失去枝晶间毛细补缩能力时的温度与固相线之间的温度范围,减少了凝固后期保持枝晶间液池连通状态所需的液体量。富Hf熔体具有良好的流动性并具有趋肤效应,这些都是含Hf合金可铸性增高的因素。 铸造高温合金枝晶干不含Hf,Hf高度浓缩在枝晶间狭窄区域并常以富Hf相存在。富Hf初生相的含Hf量按下列次序递减:MC_((2)),(Hf,Ti)_2SC,Ni_5Hf,MC_((1)),共晶γ′。Hf降低了初生相的形成温度,所有富Hf相的凝固温度低于1250℃,它们都在凝固后期Hf浓度高于13wt-％的液池中析出,并具有共生特性。     

Hf在铸造高温合金凝固过程中的作用

Hf降低铸造高温合金的液相线温度,使最终凝固温度降到1130℃。Hf缩小了失去枝晶间毛细补缩能力时的温度与固相线之间的温度范围,减少了凝固后期保持枝晶间液池连通状态所需的液体量。富Hf熔体具有良好的流动性并具有趋肤效应,这些都是含Hf合金可铸性增高的因素。铸造高温合金枝晶干不含Hf,Hf高度浓缩在枝晶间狭窄区域并常以富Hf相存在。富Hf初生相的含Hf量按下列次序递减:MC_((2)),(Hf,Ti)_2SC,Ni_5Hf,MC_((1)),共晶γ′。Hf降低了初生相的形成温度,所有富Hf相的凝固温度低于1250℃,它们都在凝固后期Hf浓度高于13wt-％的液池中析出,并具有共生特性。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis