磨料对磁流变工作液性能及加工效果的影响

本文研究了磁流变工作液中添加磨料种类、含量、粒度对其性能的影响,以及对磁流变效应微砂轮加工效果的影响。结果表明:添加磨料对磁流变效应的影响程度以氧化铈、碳化硅、金刚石、氧化铝的顺序增大,随着添加磨料含量增加、粒度增大,磁流变效应均被削弱。磁流变效应微砂轮加工微沟槽过程中,添加磨料对微砂轮加工性能的影响受到添加磨料对磁流变效应和磁流变效应微砂轮加工性能正反两方面的影响而出现最优加工效果。当磨料含量为3%时沟槽的宽度、深度和材料去除率都达到最大;当磨料粒度为W3.5时,加工沟槽的宽度最大;当磨料粒度为W7时,加工沟槽的深度和材料去除率最大。     

磁流变效应微磨头抛光特性研究

为研究磁流变效应微磨头对玻璃等硬脆材料的抛光性能、考察Fe3O4基电磁流变液的抛光特性,在对微磨头基体的锥台端部的磁感应强度进行仿真分析的基础上,利用Fe3O4基磁流变液添加平均粒度7μm的金刚石微粉对玻璃材料进行了抛光加工实验。实验研究了磁流变效应微磨头抛光玻璃工件时加工间隙、磁感应强度对材料去除的影响,考察了工件表面抛光截面的形状特征。结果显示磁流变效应微磨头定点抛光的加工痕迹呈近似“U”形,工件表面的材料去除主要取决于微磨头与工件表面的研磨压力和磨粒的自我更新能力,材料去除量随着电磁感应器励磁电压的增大而呈线性增大,而随加工间隙的增大呈线性减小。     

磁流变即效微细砂轮精细加工研究

在对磁流变液特性分析的基础上，提出了基于磁流变效应即效微细砂轮研抛的新工艺方法。磁流变液与金刚石微粉磨料均匀混合形成的抛光液，在外加磁场作用下形成粘弹性的准固体磨粒球团构成的微细砂轮，以普通玻璃为工件材料，基础试验证明本加工方法在加工玻璃材料时可行和有效。试验结果表明，磁流变即效微细砂轮在加工玻璃过程中加工表面呈现塑性去除特征，加工工具无进给时加工痕迹表面有中间突边缘圆环凹陷的形状，工具尖端与加工表面越接近其材料去除率越高。     

基于微纳乳液的Inconel718电火花成形加工工艺实验研究

采用自制的微纳乳液作为工作液,利用电火花成形加工镍基高温合金(Inconel718),选取峰值电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔及单次加工时间等参数进行十字正交试验,研究分析这些参数对电火花成形加工Inconel718的表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响,并对比了在微纳乳液与煤油工作液中加工的工件表面微观形貌。结果表明:峰值电流对材料去除率影响显著,单次加工时间对表面粗糙度影响显著;与煤油工作液相比,采用微纳乳液进行电火花成形加工的工件表面质量更好。     

磁流变即效微砂轮加工玻璃表面的形貌特征研究

在磁流变效应即效微砂轮微细加工的研究基础上,为了改善工件已加工表面的形状,通过改变工件表面与工具之间的夹角,对实验装置进行了改进设计。实验结果表明:改变工件表面与工具之间的夹角可以改善工件表面形状并提高材料的去除率,为进一步深入研究此种加工方法的性能及其材料去除机理提供了重要依据。     

集群磁流变效应微磨头平面研抛加工参数研究

本文实验研究了磁感应强度、研抛压力、加工速度及加工时间等几个加工参数对集群磁流变效应微磨头平面研抛加工效果的影响。实验结果发现，随着磁感应强度的增强，材料去除率增大，而表面粗糙度略有提高；研抛压力及加工速度与材料去除率成正比，表面粗糙度随加工速度的提高逐渐变大，而随着研抛压力的增大先降低后增加，当压力为6898Pa时到达最小；随着加工时间的增加，材料去除量线性增大，而粗糙度先迅速降低后逐渐趋于稳定。在此基础上，提出了集群磁流变效应微磨头平面研抛加工的材料去除模型，其加工特征介于游离磨料研磨抛光和固着磨料研磨抛光之间，是一种全新的平面研抛加工技术，有着较好的应用前景。     

磁流变效应即效微磨头平面抛光研究

利用磁流变效应即效微磨头对光学玻璃进行了抛光试验,研究了磁感应强度、加工间隙、工具转速、加工时间等参数对工件表面粗糙度值的影响.研究发现,磁感应强度、加工间隙、工具转速等对抛光质量的影响规律相似,都是随着参数值的增大,表面粗糙度呈现先减小、后增大的趋势;但加工时间的影响略有不同,随着加工时间的延长,表面粗糙度迅速下降,然后趋于稳定.研究结果表明,合适的参数选择是提高磁流变效应即效微磨头抛光质量的关键.     

基于微磨削方法的微织构刀具制备与切削性能研究

目的研究表面微织构对硬质合金刀具切削性能的影响。方法采用微磨削方法在硬质合金刀具前刀面加工出具有不同结构参数的横向、纵向和交叉微织构,通过AL6061切削试验和有限元切削仿真,研究表面微织构对硬质合金刀具的切削温度及刀具磨损的影响。结果采用V形金刚石砂轮微磨削方法能够加工出几何形状规则且表面质量良好的表面微织构。与无织构刀具相比,微织构刀具的切削温度明显降低,高温区域明显减少,其中横向织构刀具降温效果最为显著。微织构刀具的切削温度随沟槽间距的增大而升高,沟槽间距为150μm时,切削温度最低。表面微织构能够有效减轻刀具前刀面的粘结磨损,横向织构刀具减摩抗粘效果最好,且采用较小的沟槽间距更利于减轻刀具的粘结磨损。随着切削速度的增加,表面微织构的抗粘结作用更加明显,当切削速度为150 m/min时,沟槽间距为150μm的横向织构刀具的切屑粘结面积最小。结论在横向、纵向和交叉织构刀具中,沟槽间距为150μm的横向织构刀具切削性能最好,即降温效果、抗粘结性能最为显著。     

光学微结构超精密多轴铣削加工技术

采用单点金刚石飞刀加工可以直接加工出具有纳米级的表面粗糙度和亚微米级形状精度的光学微结构元件而不需要后续处理。通过超精密飞刀加工微V沟槽的实验,分析了主轴转速、进给速度、切削深度和切削行间距对微V沟槽加工精度的影响,并对切削参数进行优化。最后,利用优化后的切削参数加工出微V沟槽结构。实验结果显示,超精密飞刀加工微V沟槽可达到满足光学微结构加工精度的要求。     

微沟槽电解加工试验研究

采用掩膜微细电解加工方法在304不锈钢表面制备微沟槽结构。重点研究了电流密度、加工时间对微沟槽成形质量的影响规律,得到了较优的电流密度及加工时间,获得了宽度为200~250μm、深度为60~90μm的规整微沟槽结构。对比分析了Na NO3+H2SO4混合电解液与单纯Na NO3电解液加工获得的微沟槽形态及尺寸,结果表明Na NO3+H2SO4混合电解液能在一定程度上提高电解加工的定域蚀除能力。     

Effect of micro-powder suspension and ultrasonic vibration of dielectric fluid in micro-EDM processes—Taguchi approach

Solutions are needed for increasing the material removal rate without degrading surface quality in micro-electrical discharge machining (μ-EDM). This paper presents a new method that consists of suspending micro-MoS₂ powder in dielectric fluid and using ultrasonic vibration during μ-EDM processes. The Taguchi method is adopted to ascertain the optimal process parameters to increase the material removal rate of dielectric fluid containing micro-powder in μ-EDM using a L₁₈ orthogonal array. Pareto analysis of variance is employed to analyze the four machining process parameters: ultrasonic vibration of the dielectric fluid, concentration of micro-powder, tool electrode materials, and workpiece materials. The results show that the introduction of MoS₂ micro-powder in dielectric fluid and using ultrasonic vibration significantly increase the material removal rate and improves surface quality by providing a flat surface free of black carbon spots.     

Investigation of the effects of electrode orientation and fluid flow rate in near-dry EDM milling

This research investigates the effects of electrode lead and tilt angles and dielectric fluid flow rate on material removal rate, tool electrode wear ratio, and surface roughness in near-dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) milling process. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to predict the dielectric fluid flow rate and qualitatively compare with the experimentally measured EDM material removal rate. The optimum lead angle, which maximized material removal rate and minimized tool electrode wear ratio, was found. The decrease in the lead angle has a negative effect on the roughness of machined surface. The increase in tilt angle reduces the material removal rate and increases the tool electrode wear ratio. The change in tilt angle does not have a significant effect on the surface roughness and can be used to prevent gouging in finishing EDM milling. This study shows that the material removal rate is linearly proportional to the mass flow rate of air and kerosene mixture, the tool electrode wear ratio is inversely related to the mass flow rate of air and kerosene mixture, and the average surface roughness does not have a good correlation with the flow rate of the mixture.     

基于超声波研磨加工机理的影响因素研究

根据硬脆材料具有很高的硬度和脆性特点,建立了超声波研磨加工硬脆材料去除理论模型,从理论上分析了超声波研磨加工硬脆材料的去除原理和加工优势,详细地分析了加工间隙、磨粒大小和超声波声压对材料的去除率和加工质量的影响.研究表明,基于超声波研磨加工在最佳组合条件下能够有效提高工件表面质量,实现精密超精密加工.     

On the mechanism and mechanics of material removal in ultrasonic machining

Precision abrasive machining processes such as ultrasonic machining are commonly employed to machine glasses, single crystals and ceramic materials for various industrial applications. Until now, precision machining of hard and brittle materials are poorly investigated from the fundamental and applied point of views. Taking into account the major technological importance of this subject to the production of functional and structural components used in high performance systems, it is often desired to estimate the machining rate for productivity while maintaining the desired surface integrity. The success of this approach, however, requires not only the fundamental understanding of the material removal on the microstructural scale but also the relationship between the machining characteristics and material removal rate in ultrasonic machining. In this study, the ultrasonic machining of glass was investigated with respect to mechanism of material removal and material removal rate (with basic machining parameters) with a mild steel tool using boron carbide abrasive in water as slurry. The analysis indicates that the material removal was primarily due to the micro-brittle fracture caused on the surface of the workpiece. For micro-brittle fracture mode, the relationship for the material removal rate, considering direct impact of abrasive grains on the workpiece, based on a simple fracture mechanics analysis has been established. The effect of machining conditions on material removal rate has been discussed. This research provides valuable insights into the material removal mechanism and the dependence of material removal rate on machining conditions and mechanical properties of workpiece material in ultrasonic machining.     

Improvement of Dry EDM Characteristics Using Piezoelectric Actuator

This paper describes improvement of the machining characteristics of dry electrical discharge machining (dry EDM) by controlling the discharge gap distance using a piezoelectric actuator. Dry EDM is a new process characterized by small tool electrode wear, negligible damage generated on the machined surface, and significantly high material removal rate especially when oxygen gas is used. However, the narrow discharge gap length compared with conventional EDM using oil as the dielectric working fluid results in frequent occurrence of short circuiting which lowers material removal rate. A piezoelectric actuator with high frequency response was thus introduced to help control gap length of the EDM machine. To elucidate the effects of the piezoelectric actuator, an EDM performance simulator was newly developed to evaluate the machining stability and material removal rate of dry EDM.     

电火花块反拷加工控制系统设计与实验

对电火花块反拷加工的运动控制系统进行了设计,提出了可行的数据采集策略与运动控制策略。基于LabView开发的运动控制系统主要包括初始化模块、粗对刀模块、精确对刀模块、加工控制模块与坐标实时显示模块。应用设计的控制系统对碳化钨工具电极进行了反拷加工实验,正交实验结果得出:材料去除率随着脉宽的增大先增加后减小,脉宽有一个最佳值,脉宽小了能量不足,脉宽大了容易产生电弧放电,影响了材料去除。材料去除率随着脉间相对于脉宽倍数、主轴转速与进给率的增大而增大,足够大的脉间以及主轴转速,有利于电火花加工区域的消电离与加工产物的排除,在材料能够有效去除的前提下,进给速度越快材料去除率越高。     

Si3N4陶瓷引弧微爆炸加工材料去除率建模与分析

利用引弧微爆炸加工装置,以氮化硅工程陶瓷为加工对象,对引弧微爆炸加工过程的喷嘴烧损及材料去除率进行了研究。通过喷嘴烧损实验,研究了喷嘴烧损规律及喷嘴直径对材料去除率的影响;利用正交实验方法,建立了材料去除率经验模型并分析了材料去除率随加工参数的变化规律。结果显示:喷嘴直径随着脉冲次数的增加而扩展,当直径在2.4～2.8 mm之间时,可以产生最好的加工质量和最大的材料去除率;四个主要加工参数对材料去除率的影响显著,材料去除率随着工作电流、工作气压、工作脉宽的增大而增大,随着工作距离的增大而减小;建立的指数型经验模型简单可靠,与实验结果吻合良好,可以用于材料去除率的预测及控制。     

提升磨料水射流抛光去除效率的参数研究

具有独特优势的磨粒水射流抛光技术,由于去除效率低,在加工超精密光学元件中的应用受到了一定的限制。本研究通过实验和仿真,分析了喷嘴直径和射流压力对去除函数、去除效率和确定性修形加工的影响。实验结果表明:喷嘴直径在一定尺寸范围内增加,可以有效地提升去除效率,超过一定尺寸后,去除效率增加减慢,去除函数的宽度变化要远大于喷嘴直径的变化;随射流压力增大,去除函数深度呈指数增加,去除函数轮廓由W形转变为双W形。通过建立回转函数来模拟偏心回转射流的方法,验证了变形后的去除函数在确定性抛光加工中具有很好的适用性,并且该方法可以用在采用垂直射流直接进行超精密表面的确定性抛光加工上。      

Near dry electrical discharge machining

This study investigates the near dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) process. Near dry EDM uses liquid–gas mixture as the two phase dielectric fluid and has the benefit to tailor the concentration of liquid and properties of dielectric medium to meet desired performance targets. A dispenser for minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is utilized to supply a minute amount of liquid droplets at a controlled rate to the gap between the workpiece and electrode. Wire EDM cutting and EDM drilling are investigated under the wet, dry, and near dry conditions. The mixture of water and air is the dielectric fluid used for near dry EDM in this study. Near dry EDM shows advantages over the dry EDM in higher material removal rate (MRR), sharper cutting edge, and less debris deposition. Compared to wet EDM, near dry EDM has higher material removal rate at low discharge energy and generates a smaller gap distance. However, near dry EDM places a higher thermal load on the electrode, which leads to wire breakage in wire EDM and increases electrode wear in EDM drilling. A mathematical model, assuming that the gap distance consists of the discharge distance and material removal depth, was developed to quantitatively correlate the water–air mixture's dielectric strength and viscosity to the gap distance.     

石墨电极电火花加工性能的影响因素分析

影响石墨电极电火花加工性能的因素很多，各因素的合理配合对电火花加工特性有重要的影响。分析了主轴性能、脉冲电源及智能控制、工作液、电参数和加工极性选择等对石墨电极加工性能的影响，为生产实践提供了理论依据。