超重力燃烧合成Ti3SiC2研究

研究了超重力条件对以3Ti/Si/2C粉为原料燃烧合成Ti3Sic2的影响.结果表明:在不同超重力条件下,合成产物的物相组成有所不同.通过对温度变化的分析,认为相组成的变化应归因于Ti-Si液相存在时间缩短,导致Ti3SiC2生成不足.SEM观察表明,合成的Ti3SiC2为板状品形貌,超重力条件对Ti3SiC2板状晶的晶粒尺寸有明显影响.随超重力条件的提高,合成产物的密度也相应提高.     

钛设备在离子膜烧碱工业中的应用

采用高温高压方法成功地合成了原位生成ＴｉＣ颗粒增强Ｔｉ基复合材料，增强颗粒ＴｉＣ的尺寸为纳米级。研究表明，在确定的温度下，晶粒尺寸随压力变化存在临界压力Ｐ＿ｃ，当压力小于Ｐ＿ｃ时，晶粒尺寸随压力的增加而减小；当压力大于Ａ时，晶粒尺寸随压力的增加而增大。合成温度对晶粒尺寸也有不同程度的影响。复合材料的显微硬度随ＴｉＣ晶粒尺寸减小而增大。     

离心力及铸件模数对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织与力学性能的影响（英文）

研究在石墨型中不同立式离心力场下离心力及铸件模数对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织及性能的影响。实验过程中铸型的旋转速度主要考虑了3种情况:0,110及210 r/min。结果表明:晶粒尺寸及片层厚度随铸件模数的减小和离心力的增加而减小,抗拉强度随铸件模数减小和离心力增加而明显增大,但铸件延伸率呈现相反的变化趋势。同时给出了重力系数、铸件模数与Ti-6Al-4V合金组织和力学性能之间的定量关系。作为与重力场下石墨型中Ti-6Al-4V合金铸件对比分析,研究了金属型中Ti-6Al-4V合金阶梯铸件组织的变化情况。研究发现:2种铸型中浇铸的合金铸件晶粒尺寸、片层厚度随冷却速度的变化趋势基本一致,结合2组实验数据,给出了重力场下Ti-6Al-4V合金铸件组织随冷却速度变化的定量关系。     

超重力对燃烧合成Ti（C，N）-TiB2复合粉体的影响

以Ti和B4C为起始反应物，分别在常规和超重力条件下通过燃烧合成技术制备出Ti（C,N）-TiB2复合粉体，利用XRD和SEM对燃烧产物进行了表征，研究了起始组成和超重力条件对燃烧产物相组成和微观形貌的影响。结果表明，燃烧产物主要由Ti（C，N）和TiB2组成，通过改变起始配方中Ti／B4C的摩尔比，可以调节产物中Ti（C，N）和TiB2的相对含量。超重力条件下，反应物颗粒接触更加充分，碰撞更加频繁，因而晶粒形态发育更加完整，生成规则的多面体。     

微型正挤压尺度效应实验研究

为研究晶粒尺寸对微型正挤压工艺的影响,设计了微成形实验,在常温下对具有不同晶粒尺寸的微型铜圆柱体坯料进行了微型正挤压成形,获得了微小尺度下材料流动的特点及相关实验参数。所得实验结果表明,随着晶粒尺寸的增大,成形实验的可重复性变差,即材料出现非均匀流动;凸模的单位压力逐渐减小,但是成形过程中成形力变化趋势并不随晶粒尺寸的变化而变化。     

离心力及铸件模数对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织与力学性能的影响

该论文主要研究在石墨型中不同立式离心力场下离心力及铸件模数对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织及性能的影响。实验过程中铸型的旋转速度主要考虑了三种情况：0, 110及 210 rpm。结果表明：晶粒尺寸及片层厚度随铸件模数的减小和离心力的增加而减小,拉伸强度随铸件模数减小和离心力增加而明显增加,但铸件延伸率呈现相反的变化趋势。文中给出了重力系数、铸件模数与Ti-6Al-4V合金组织和力学性能之间的定量关系。作为与重力场下石墨型中Ti-6Al-4V合金铸件对比分析,研究了金属型中Ti-6Al-4V合金阶梯铸件组织的变化情况,研究发现：两种铸型中浇铸的合金铸件晶粒尺寸、片层厚度随冷却速度的变化趋势基本一致,结合两组实验数据,给出了重力场下Ti-6Al-4V合金铸件组织随冷却速度变化的定量关系。     

C5210磷青铜薄板成形行为的尺度效应（英文）

为研究厚度、晶粒尺寸对C5210磷青铜薄板力学性能和成形性能的影响,通过不同温度退火热处理得到不同晶粒尺寸的试样,然后在常温下对具有不同厚度和晶粒尺寸的试样进行单向拉伸试验。结果表明:当厚度在50~800μm范围内,材料的屈服强度随着厚度的减小而增大,而加工硬化指数和伸长率随着厚度的减小而减小,提出了描述屈服强度随厚度减小而增大关系的修正模型;材料的屈服强度随着晶粒尺寸的增大而减小,但加工硬化指数随着晶粒尺寸的增大而增大,伸长率则随着晶粒尺寸的增大先增大到一个峰值后再减小。通过扫描电镜观察拉伸试样的断口形貌发现所有试样断裂方式均为韧性断裂,并且随着厚度的增大断口韧窝的密集度增大,而晶粒尺寸越大的试样断口韧窝密集度越小。     

原料特征对电场诱导燃烧合成VC/Fe复合材料的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机,对电场作用下燃烧合成制备VC/Fe复合材料进行研究,探讨不同成分以及不同粒度等对体系燃烧合成的影响.结果表明,在电场作用下,Fe-V-C体系可以在较低温度(691～813℃)下发生合成VC的反应.体系成分、粒度对体系点火温度和合成产物有一定影响,对点火延迟时间影响很小,随V含量增加,体系点火温度降低,产物颗粒尺寸总体上呈增大趋势;反应物粒度越小,体系的点火温度越低,在一定粒度范围内,产物颗粒尺寸随反应物粒度的减小而增大.     

变形条件对半固态Al-4Cu-Mg合金微观组织的影响

研究了用应变诱发熔化激活法(SIMA)制备的半固态Al-4Cu-Mg合金在不同变形温度、变形程度和应变速率下半固态压缩变形时的微观组织演变。研究结果表明：在半固态条件下，随变形温度的升高，晶粒平均尺寸增大，分形维数减小；变形程度增大，晶粒平均尺寸减小．分形维数先减小后增大；应变速率增大，晶粒平均尺寸先减小后略有增大，且在小的应变速率下，晶粒平均尺寸随应变速率变化的趋势较大，分形维数随着应变速率的增大而增大。     

燃烧合成NiAl／TiC复合材料及其微观形貌

采用燃烧合成的方法合成NiAl／TiC复相材料，采用XRD分析了合成材料的相组成，结果表明产物由TiC和NiAl相组成，没有其他的物相产生。用SEM研究了合成产物的微观形貌，SEM图像显示产物的宏观形貌为多孔结构，微观形貌观察显示TiC相颗粒呈近球状。NiAl相则包裹在TiC相的周围，形成三维网状结构，靠近TiC颗粒边缘NiAl以胞状方式生长，远离TiC颗粒的NiAl以枝晶方式长大。     

Synthesis and characterization of mechanically alloyed and shock-consolidated nanocrystalline NiAl intermetallic

The synthesis, microstructural characterization and microhardness of nanocrystalline B2-phase NiAl intermetallic are discussed in this paper. Nanophase NiAl powders were prepared by mechanical alloying of elemental Ni and Al powders under an argon atmosphere for different times (0–48 h). The alloyed nanocrystalline powders were then consolidated by shock compaction at a peak pressure of 4–6 GPa, to 83% dense compacts. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the microstructure of the shock-consolidated sample was retained at the nanoscale. The average crystallite size measurements revealed that mechanically alloyed NiAl grain size decreased from 48±27 to 9±3 nm with increasing mechanical alloying time from 8 to 48 h. The long-range-order parameters of powders mechanically alloyed for different times were determined, and were observed to vary between 0.82 for 5 h and 0.63 for 48 h of milling time. Following shock compaction, the long-range-order parameter was determined to be 0.76, 0.69 and 0.66, respectively, for the 16, 24 and 48 h alloyed specimens. Both the mechanically alloyed nanocrystalline NiAl powder and the shock-consolidated bulk specimen showed evidence of grain boundary dislocations, subgrains, and distorted regions. A large number of grain boundaries and defects were observed via high resolution TEM (HRTEM). Shear bands were also observed in the mechanically alloyed NiAl intermetallic powders and in the shock-consolidated compacts. Microhardness measurements of shock-consolidated material showed increasing microhardness with increasing crystallite size refinement, following Hall–Petch behavior.     

Combustion synthesis of Ni3Al by SHS with boron additions

The preparation of Ni₃Al intermetallic compound from elemental powder compacts with the addition of boron was conducted by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in this study. Effects of the boron content, preheating temperature, and particle size of the reactants on the combustion characteristics, as well as on the composition and morphology of final products were studied. Experimental observation indicates that the addition of boron results in a significant increase in the flame-front propagation velocity, leading to a two-stage combustion process preceded by the fast propagation of the flame front and consecutively followed by prolonged bulk combustion. However, the combustion temperature was slightly decreased by adding boron in the sample. The boron addition also contributed to a decrease in the activation energy associated with the combustion synthesis of Ni₃Al from 97.8 to 86.4 kJ/mol. In contrast to the presence of an intermediate phase (NiAl) and the unreacted Ni in the final burned product of the boron-free samples, complete reaction yielding a single-phase product of Ni₃Al was achieved for the boron-added samples. Moreover, the addition of boron also increased the density of the final products up to above 80% relative to the density of the Ni₃Al compound.     

以尿素为造孔剂制备开孔NiAl金属间化合物

以尿素为造孔剂,利用燃烧合成技术成功制备孔洞结构和力学性能可控可调的开孔NiAl金属间化合物,并对材料的宏观和微观形貌、准静态压缩性能进行分析。通过调整尿素的体积分数和颗粒大小,多孔NiAl金属间化合物的孔隙率可控制在57.57%-84.58%,孔径大小可控制在0.4-2.0mm。准静态压缩实验表明,多孔NiAl金属间化合物的力学性能可用Gibson-Ashby模型来解释。     

Preparation and characterization of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanocrystalline powders by auto-combustion of nitrate-citrate gel

The nitrate–citrate gel exhibits auto-catalytic behavior, which can be used to synthesize nanocrystalline YIG powders. In this study, yttrium iron garnet (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂) nanocrystalline powders were prepared by a sol–gel auto-combustion process. The influence of metal nitrates to citric acid molar ratio (MN/CA) of the precursor solution on the combustion behavior and crystallite size of synthesized powders was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analyses (DTA/TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that with increasing MN/CA value, the combustion rate increases and the single-phase YIG forms at a higher temperature. The crystallite size of the single phase YIG prepared with different MN/CA values and calcined at 800 °C for 3 h are in the range of 38–70 nm. In addition, the crystallite size of the powders increased with increasing the calcination temperature.     

Nanocrystalline NiAl Coating Prepared by HVOF Thermal Spraying

Nanocrystalline NiAl intermetallic powder was prepared by mechanical alloying (MA) of Ni₅₀Al₅₀ powder mixture and then deposited on low carbon steel substrates by high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) thermal spray technique using two sets of spraying parameters. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and hardness test were used to characterize the prepared powders and coatings. The MA of Ni₅₀Al₅₀ powder mixture led to the formation of NiAl intermetallic compound. The resulting powder particles were three dimensional in nature with irregular morphology and a crystallite size of ~10 nm. This powder was thermally sprayed by HVOF technique to produce coating. The deposited coating had a nanocrystalline structure with low oxide and porosity contents. The hardness of coatings was in the range of 5.40-6.08 GPa, which is higher than that obtained for NiAl coating deposited using conventional powders.     

机械合金化合成NiAl/HfB_2复合材料的组织与力学性能

球磨Ｎｉ,Ａｌ;Ｈｆ和Ｂ元素粉末反应合成ＮｉＡｌ／ＨｆＢ２复合材料,形成机制归结为机械碰撞诱发的自蔓延反应．采用 热压和热等静压工艺将纳米双相复合粉末压制成较密实的块体材料,进而研究其微观组织与力学性能．结果表明“反应球磨＋热 压”制备的ＮｉＡｌ／ＨｆＢ２复合材料基体晶粒细小,原位生成的弥散相颗粒主要分布于基体晶界,其强化效果显著而对塑性的削弱 作用较小;不同温度下的压缩屈服强度均远高于铸态ＮｉＡｌ,且压缩变形量均超过１０％;高温下材料的屈服强度依赖于应变速率, 用线性回归方法计算出的应力指数ｎ和变形激活能Ｑ高于单相ＮｉＡｌ,与含弥散相比例较高的ＸＤ ＮｉＡｌ－２０％ＴｉＢ２（体积分数） 复合材料相当．     

不同方法制备的Gd2BaCuO5粉体性能比较

采用低温燃烧合成法(LCS)、共沉淀法和固相法合成了超细Gd2BaCuO5(Gd211)粉体,并对3种粉体的形貌、化学纯度、比表面积和粒度进行了比较。结果表明,LCS工艺制备的Gd211粉体粒度最小,团聚最轻。将以上3种粉体作为掺杂剂制备GdBa2Cu3O5(Gd123)超导块材,块材的微观形貌说明微细Gd211粉体的添加能有效减小Gd123块体中Gd211颗粒粒度,临界电流密度的比较表明LCS法所制粉体的添加比另外两种粉体更能有效提高临界电流密度。     

Al_3Ti和Al_2O_3增强铝基复合材料的XD合成

通过XD(ExothermicDispersion)法原位反应生成Al2 O3 与Al3Ti复合增强的铝基复合材料 ,结果表明Al/TiO2 经充分混合、挤压成坯后 ,在真空炉中以一定的升温速率加热至 10 73K左右时发生剧烈的化学反应。由SEM ,XRD及能谱分析可知 :生成物Al2 O3 呈等轴颗粒状 ,Al3Ti呈棒状。主要分析了反应过程的热力学并简要说明了影响XD合成的主要因素     

块体纳米晶镍的制备及力学性能研究

采用直流电弧等离子体蒸发+预压烧结法制得块体纳米晶镍。对纳米晶镍的晶粒度、孔隙率进行了表征,对其压缩强度、应变速率敏感性及压缩对晶格畸变、晶粒尺寸的影响进行了研究。结果表明,纳米晶镍的晶粒尺寸随烧结温度的升高而增大,725℃烧结时块材相对致密度达97%。压缩强度随晶粒尺寸减小而增大,且与压缩速率成正比;最大抗压断裂强度达到600MPa,表现出较低的加工硬化和良好的塑性压缩形变能力,断口为沿晶断裂;压缩会引起晶格畸变量的减小和晶粒的细化。     

The effect of heat treatment on the structure and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed Fe-45%Ni nanostructured powders

Magnetic iron-nickel alloys generally called permalloys are of great interest due to their magnetic properties. Fe-45%Ni alloy is one of the major iron-nickel compositions, well-known for high flux density, low coercivity and their responsiveness to the magnetic annealing. In this study, nanocrystalline Fe-45%Ni alloy powders were prepared by mechanical alloying process using a planetary high-energy ball mill under an argon atmosphere. The synthesized powders were heat treated at different temperatures using a vacuum furnace. The structural properties of the as-milled and the post-heat treated powders were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic measurements on the powders were carried out using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that the lattice strain decreases and the crystallite size increases with annealing temperature. It was also found that the variation of coercivity is dominated by the removal of residual stress at low annealing temperatures, whereas the value of coercivity depends on the crystallite size at higher annealing temperatures.