浇注扰动对近液相线铸造半固态AlSi9Mg合金的影响

通过设计正交试验,结合金相分析获得了试验条件下近液相线铸造法制备半固态AlSi9Mg合金的合理工艺参数匹配,即浇注温度605℃、浇注高度3 h型、保温时间35 min、冷却强度适中(水冷)时获得的非枝晶组织更加细小、圆整且分布均匀;从晶粒形核、长大的热力学和动力学角度,综合分析了浇注扰动对近球形或球形非枝晶组织形成的影响机制.结果表明,浇注扰动不仅可大大提高形核率,且利于晶粒直接球化长大和等轴枝晶形成后的球化生长;提高晶粒球形长大的稳定性并将长大后的球晶保留下来或增强枝晶形成后的球化生长趋向是获得理想非枝晶组织的关键.     

356铝合金凝固形核过程及液相线半连续铸造组织的研究

本文研究了356铝合金在液相线温度附近等温形核过程和激冷组织变化情况,在液相线以上温度（625℃）,熔体激冷形核数量相对较小,初晶相晶粒尺寸较大,单位面积数目较少;在略低于液相线的温度（612℃）保温30min,熔体大量形核,初晶相晶粒细小球化,单位面积数目较大;在液相线以下温度（600℃）,熔体形核数量多,但部分合并长大,初晶相晶粒为细小的枝晶,单位面积晶粒数较小。通过液相线半连续铸造对形核机理进行了验证,熔体在液相线温度（615℃）保温30min后铸造,获得了均匀、细小的近球形晶粒组织,平均晶粒尺寸小于40μm,完全适合半固态触变成形。     

Ni-Cr-W基高温合金近液相线细晶铸造(英文)

通过近液相线‘铸造’的方法得到了细晶组织。采用感应加热方式将熔体处理至近液相线温度附近指定温度,然后让熔体直接在坩埚中炉冷。在具有一定形核过冷度的坩埚中得到了细晶组织并探索了晶粒细化的机制。可以将过冷熔体的凝固过程分为2个阶段:非平衡凝固阶段;近平衡凝固阶段。与近平衡凝固阶段相比,球形晶粒扰动发展的临界半径Rc在非平衡凝固阶段急剧减小。在非平衡凝固阶段,晶粒更倾向于以枝晶方式长大,晶粒的增殖通过枝晶的熔断产生并且最终的晶粒密度由该过程决定。在近平衡凝固阶段Rc急剧增大。Rc的增大与晶粒增殖阶段所确定大的核心密度导致凝固在球形晶粒扰动发展之前终止。因此,最终得到粒状晶粒形态。     

Grain Refinement of Ni-Cr-W Based Superalloy by Near Liquidus Casting

通过近液相线‘铸造’的方法得到了细晶组织。采用感应加热方式将熔体处理至近液相线温度附近指定温度,然后让熔体直接在坩埚中炉冷。在具有一定形核过冷度的坩埚中得到了细晶组织并探索了晶粒细化的机制。可以将过冷熔体的凝固过程分为2个阶段:非平衡凝固阶段;近平衡凝固阶段。与近平衡凝固阶段相比,球形晶粒扰动发展的临界半径Rc在非平衡凝固阶段急剧减小。在非平衡凝固阶段,晶粒更倾向于以枝晶方式长大,晶粒的增殖通过枝晶的熔断产生并且最终的晶粒密度由该过程决定。在近平衡凝固阶段Rc急剧增大。Rc的增大与晶粒增殖阶段所确定大的核心密度导致凝固在球形晶粒扰动发展之前终止。因此,最终得到粒状晶粒形态。     

7075Al合金液相线半连续铸造组织及形成机理

研究了液相线半连续铸造法制备7075Al合金半固态浆料的组织，合金熔体在常规铸造温度（720℃）下浇注获得的锭坯边部是粗大的枝晶，中间部位组织极不均匀；在接近液相线温度（642℃）保温30min后的铸造组织较好，中心部位和边部组织的差异较小，在液相线温度附近（638℃）保温后进行半连续铸造获得的锭坯中心和边部组织均是均匀、细小的近球形组织。一次冷却强度的降低、二次冷却强度的增大和铸造速度的减小有利于均匀、细小的近球形组织的形成，熔体中大量内生形核和固-液界面成分过冷的降低有利于上述组织的形成，结果表明，液相线半连续铸造是一种有效的半固态浆料的制备方法。     

液相线铸造法半固态金属组织特征的相场模拟研究

液相线铸造法是获取均匀、细小非枝晶组织半固态合金浆料的一种新工艺。凝固过程的相场模拟表明,金属凝固组织形成枝晶的趋向随过冷度加大而增强,长大速度随之显著加快。液相线铸造时结晶凝固过程在枝晶形成趋向很小、长大速度较慢的过冷度范围完成,故应得到细小非枝晶组织;液相线铸造法浇注前熔体在液相线温度附近保温,发生双相区等温结晶分解过程,该过程的相场模拟显示,这一分解作用促成大量形核,导致在随后的浇注熔体中生长成大量均匀、细小非枝晶组织;二次加热至双相区,引起部分熔化和重新分解结晶,同理会使组织进一步得到改善。     

工艺条件对6061铝合金近液相线铸造微观组织的影响

采用近液相线半连续铸造技术,制备了120 mm×1 600 mm的6061铝合金半固态坯料,考察了铸造温度、铸造速度和冷却强度对铸锭组织的影响.结果表明,合金熔体在常规铸造温度(720 ℃)下获得的铸锭组织是粗大的枝晶,且组织极不均匀;在近液相线温度(657 ℃)下保温后铸造的铸锭组织均匀、细小、近球形.一次冷却强度的降低、二次冷却强度的增大均有利于均匀、细小的近球形组织的形成;铸造速度达到150 mm/min时可以获得细小、均匀、近球形的6061半固态坯料组织.     

不同铸造工艺下K4169高温合金涡轮机匣凝固组织模拟

采用凝固组织模拟与试验分析方法，对不同铸造工艺下的K4169合金凝固枝晶溶质扩散、晶粒耦合共晶生长过程进行数值模拟分析，模拟结果与试验结果相符。结果表明，当冷却速率增大时，枝晶生长速率将大于溶质扩散速率，导致枝晶生长末期其周围的剩余液相溶质浓度仍将保持在较低水平。在细化剂作用下，铸件凝固过程大量形核，排到液相中的溶质较少，导致在晶粒生长后期剩余的液相溶质浓度仍较低，凝固后的固相溶质浓度也较低，且发生共晶反应的区域较少，抑制了凝固后期析出相数量。     

液相线半连续铸造112Al合金的组织

液相线半连续铸造是 1种先进的半固态浆制备方法。考察了铸造温度、冷却强度及铸造速度对液相线半连续铸造法制备 112铝合金半固态浆料组织的影响。合金熔体在常规铸造温度 (690℃ )下浇注获得的锭坯边部是粗大的枝晶 ,中间部位组织极不均匀 ;在接近液相线温度以上 (60 5℃ )保温 2 0min后浇注的铸造组织较好 ,中心部位和边部组织的差异较小。在液相线温度 (5 88℃ )保温 2 0min后进行半连续铸造获得的锭坯中心和边部组织元均是均匀、细小的近球形组织。降低一次冷却强度、增大二次冷却强度和减小铸造速度均有利于均匀、细小、等轴的半固态组织的形成。结果表明 ,液相线半连续铸造能有效地制备 112Al合金的半固态浆料     

真空自耗电弧熔炼γ-TiAl合金铸锭凝固组织模拟

采用CAFE模型对真空自耗电弧熔炼γ-TiA1合金铸锭凝固组织进行了数值模拟,在CAFE模型中分别采用高斯分布连续形核模型和扩展KGT模型描述晶粒形核和枝晶尖端生长速率.研究了熔炼速率、界面传热系数和形核参数对铸锭凝固组织的影响.结果表明,增大熔炼速率或者增大最大形核密度,均有利于促进等轴晶形成,抑制柱状晶晶粒长大;增大平均形核过冷度或者增大界面传热系数,均有利于促进柱状晶的形成和晶粒长大;标准方差过冷度对铸锭凝固组织几乎没有影响.     

Boundary layer and cooling rate and microstructure formation on the cooling sloping plate

During melt treatment by cooling sloping plate, laminar flow and turbulent flow exist on sloping plate surface commonly. The thickness of velocity boundary layer and the critical transfer distance from laminar flow to turbulent flow increase with the decrease of initial flow velocity. The thickness of temperature boundary layer increases with the increment of flow distance and the decrease of initial flow velocity. The melt cooling rate and melt thickness have an inverse proportion relationship. The melt cooling rate of cooling sloping plate process can reach 10²–10³ K/s and belongs to meta-rapid solidification scope. Uniform solute field and high cooling rate can lead to eruptive nucleation. In addition, a large quantity of heterogonous nuclei appears on the sloping plate surface, and vibrating flow can enable heterogonous nucleus to escape off the plate, which leads to nucleus multiplication. Under relative uniform solute field and high cooling rate, some grains can keep stable growth surface, go on growing with the round surface and finally maintain their globular structure. However, there are always some grains that grow along a certain preferred direction, but under vibrating flow their dendritic arms break and transform into near spherical structure.     

TiAl合金全片层组织的热稳定性研究

研究了Al含量、冷却速率和添加硼元素对TiAl合金全片层组织在1150℃的热稳定性的影响。研究表明：Al含量在46％～48％（原子分数，下同）范围的二元TiAl合金的Al含量越高，γ偏析程度越严重，铸造片层组织的热稳定性越差；Ti-48AI合金α单相区固溶处理后炉冷的粗片层组织的稳定性远远优于空冷的细片层组织，空冷细片层组织容易在晶界处发生不连续粗化转变，并且空冷片层晶粒内的魏氏片层（LW）与基体的界面往往与晶界一同成为片层组织发生分解的起始部位；Ti-48A1合金中添加0．8％B因晶界TiB2相的存在能有效抑制细片层组织的晶界不连续粗化，但γ相从TiB2／基体界面和晶界重新形核生长可使片层组织转变为均匀的细晶近γ组织。     

高铬铸铁过流冷却过程中初生相的细化球化

采用过流冷却法制备高铬铸铁半固态浆料,对初生相细化球化机理进行研究。结果表明,在冷却体作用下,熔体中大量快速形核长大的初生相通过物理、冶金作用分解和熟化成细小的等轴状颗粒而达到细化球化。树枝状初生奥氏体通过枝晶臂熔断和主干弯曲折断而细化球化,早期以枝晶臂熔断为主,后期以主干在剪切力作用下弯曲折断为主;高硬度的M7C3型初生碳化物通过横向折断和纵向分裂而达到细化球化,早期以横向折断为主,后期以纵向分裂为主。     

冷却速率对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固组织的影响

通过改变凝固过程中的冷却速率,研究了冷却速率对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金凝固组织与成分微观偏析的影响.随冷却速率提高,合金组织明显细化,初生相形貌由粗大等轴枝晶逐渐向细小树枝晶转变,合金凝固过程中形核率增加,合金晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;冷却速率的提高可以降低溶质元素的扩散速率,从而增加合金元素在枝晶干中的固溶度,减轻凝固过程中合金元素Gd与Y的微观偏析,同时使凝固过程中形成的共晶减少,共晶组织分布更加弥散、均匀.     

A new multi-zone model for porosity distribution in Al–Si alloy castings

A new multi-zone model is proposed that explains how porosity forms in various regions of a casting under different conditions and leads to distinct zonal differences in pore shape, size and distribution. This model was developed by considering the effect of cooling rate on solidification and distribution of porosity in Al–Si alloys cast as plates in moulds made with silica, ilmenite or zirconia sand cores or steel chills facing the major plate faces. The alloys cast were Al–7 wt.% Si and Al–12.5 wt.% Si in unmodified and modified forms, the latter with either Na or Sr addition. It is found that, regardless of cooling condition, Si content and modification treatment, the microstructure can be divided into three zones of varying size (across the casting thickness) that are determined by the local cooling conditions and the nucleation and growth mode of the Al–Si eutectic. The zones are: (1) an outer shell-like zone where directional columnar dendritic grains and a fine-celled, coherent eutectic form a low-porosity shell at the casting surface; (2) a transitional zone where equiaxed, eutectic cells grow between columnar dendritic grains and irregular pores become trapped in the mush; and finally (3) a central zone where the thermal gradient is low and equiaxed dendritic grains and eutectic cells grow at the centre of the casting and larger, rounded pores tend to form. The paper discusses how Si content, modification type and cooling conditions influence the location and size (i.e. depth) of each of these zones and how the distribution of porosity is thus affected.     

Fe-C合金焊接熔池凝固过程CET转变的数值模拟

基于元胞自动机方法建立了枝晶生长的数值模型,应用该模型模拟了Fe-C合金焊接熔池凝固期间柱状晶向等轴晶(CET)转变过程中枝晶生长形貌与溶质浓度分布状况. 模拟过程主要考虑不同扰动振幅和冷却速率对柱状晶向等轴晶转变的影响. 结果表明,随着时间步长增大,晶粒数逐渐增多,最终趋于稳定值;当冷却速率增加时,生长速度增大,枝晶生长的越充分,显微偏析越严重,而CET转变所需时间越短;当扰动振幅增大时,一次枝晶生长的越细,二次、三次枝晶竞争越激烈.     

EVOLUTION OF AS—CAST MICROSTRUCTURES OF 356 ALUMINIUM ALLOY CAST BY LIQUIDUS CASTING

A new method (liquidus casting) was used for 356 Al alloy semi-solid slurry making. The structures of 356 Al alloy cast by a Fe mould and semi-continuous casting machine at different temperatures were investigated. How the globular grains form was also discussed. The results show that either being cast by single Fe mould or semi-continuous machine, the micro structures are not conventional dendrites but fine and net-globular grains. The average gram size is smaller than 30?m and suitable enough for thixoforming, meanwhile it can improve the mechanical properties of following products. Under the suitable casting velocity and cooling intensity, most of global grains prolong their global growth and collide with each other before dendritic growth because of the large amount of the nucleation sites.     

半固态7075铝合金浆料温度均匀化处理过程中的组织演化规律

采用ICSPC法制备半固态7075铝合金浆料,再结合温度均匀化处理,使浆料组织相对均匀并获得可控的固相率,以适合后续的流变压铸。主要研究温度均匀化处理过程中冷却速率对初生α（Al）组织演化规律的影响。结果表明,随着冷却速率的降低,半固态浆料中的初生α（Al）趋向于近球状方式生长,其组织的均匀性也相对提高。这可能是由于冷却速度的降低有利于半固态浆料剩余液相中各部分温度及成分的一致性,而这种一致性则是形成均匀球状晶的关键。然而,过低的冷却速度将会显著延长晶粒的生长时间,导致晶粒过分粗大和更多的晶粒合并,因而出现部分异常长大的晶粒,并导致形状因子的轻微下降。     

Dynamical solidification behaviors and microstructural evolution during vibrating wavelike sloping plate process

A vibrating wavelike sloping plate process (VWSP) was proposed. Heat and solute transformations, nucleation mechanism and grain growth as well as microstructure evolution were investigated. It is shown that the sloping plate can provide strong undercooling, and a large quantity of heterogonous nuclei appear on the sloping plate surface, wavelike flow and vibration can enable heterogonous nucleus to escape off the plate, which lead to nucleus multiplication. Moreover, wavelike flow and vibration improve solute diffusion coefficient and cause uniform solute and temperature field, which lead to eruptive nucleation. Grain growth has two typical ways, direct globular growth and dendritic growth. Under relative uniform temperature and solute fields, some grains can keep stable growth surface, go on growing with the round surface and finally maintain their globular structure. However, there are always some grains that grow along a certain preferred direction, but under wavelike flow and vibration their dendritic arms break and transform into near spherical structure. During the casting process, microstructural evolution from globular/dendritic structure to globular/equiaxed structure and to globular structure was observed.     

Refinement mechanism of low voltage pulsed magnetic field on solidification structure of silicon steel

The grain refinement of a silicon steel solidified with a low voltage pulsed magnetic field (LVPMF) was investigated by experiments and modeling. The experiment results show that complete fine equiaxed grains are acquired by applying the LVPMF. The effects of process parameters, such as the melt cooling rate and superheating on the solidification structure, were also studied. Complete fine equiaxed grains can be obtained under a larger range of cooling rate or superheating when the LVPMF is applied. The magnetic force and the melt flow during solidification were modeled and simulated to reveal the grain refinement mechanism. The simulation results show that the LVPMF has a double role in electromagnetic convection and electromagnetic vibration on the alloy melt. We propose the refining mechanism: The melt vibration and convection can promote nucleus multiplication, which contributes to heterogeneous nucleation enhancement and leads to a high nucleation rate and grain refinement.