冷喷涂参数对7050高强铝合金轴箱体修复层组织和性能的影响

目的 解决热加工技术修复高强铝合金存在的基材易开裂、沉积层易氧化、强度性能下降等问题,针对高速列车7050铝合金轴箱体修复需求,利用高压冷喷涂技术的低温固态沉积特性完成轴箱体同质修复。方法 采用7050铝合金轴箱体样件为基材,在其表面采用高压冷喷涂技术喷涂同质粉末制备出试样,通过SEM、TEM、显微硬度计、球盘摩擦磨损试验机、万能试验机,以及电化学测试等,分别研究喷涂压力、温度对修复层显微组织、硬度、剪切强度、耐蚀耐磨性能的影响规律。结果 修复层组织致密,孔隙率小于0.6%,随着喷涂压力、温度的升高,可进一步降低孔隙率;修复层的平均硬度可达133.1HV0.05,低于基体平均硬度（165.6HV0.05）;耐磨性与基体相当,磨损机理为塑性犁削;修复层与基体的剪切强度达到96 MPa以上;修复层的腐蚀电位（-0.77 V,vs. SCE）略低于基体（-0.70 V,vs. SCE）,修复层与基体无电偶腐蚀倾向。结论 通过高压冷喷涂技术制备了组织致密、结合良好、与基体性能相当的修复层,并采用优化的工艺参数完成了损伤轴箱体的再制造修复,经台架试验证明满足服役工况要求。     

SAL5356与ER5356铝合金焊丝对焊缝组织与焊接接头性能的影响

比较了一种采用半连续铸造-挤压法制备的SAL5356铝合金焊丝与ER5356铝合金焊丝焊接接头常规拉伸力学性能、金相组织、显微硬度以及纳米压痕试验。结果表明,确定的惰性气体保护焊（MIG）焊接工艺参数下,SAL5356铝合金焊丝焊接接头的抗拉强度和屈服强度均优于ER5356铝合金焊丝。在电弧稳定性上,SAL5356铝合金焊丝在低电流时稳定性不如ER5356铝合金焊丝,而在高电流时SAL5356铝合金焊丝稳定性优于ER5356铝合金焊丝。并提出国产焊丝需要进一步提高质量稳定性。     

电火花沉积反应合成TiN增强金属基复合涂层

利用自制的电火花沉积充气密闭式保护装置和DZ-1400型电火花沉积机,以工业纯钛TA2为电极,以工业纯氮为保护气和反应气,在45钢试件表面上电火花沉积反应合成制备了TiN增强金属基陶瓷复合涂层.利用X射线衍射仪测定了涂层的物相组成,利用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了涂层的显微组织结构,利用硬度仪测试了涂层的显微硬度,利用自制磨损试验装置对比了涂层与淬火W18Cr4V高速钢的耐磨性能.结果表明,涂层与基体结合致密,涂层主要由电极材料钛、原位自生的TiN和基体材料铁组成,涂层的平均显微硬度可达1 323 HV0.1,涂层具有较好的耐磨性.     

铝合金船体与不锈钢阀件的腐蚀及电化学特性

在不锈钢基体上分别镀上几种镀层,各自与船用铝合金配对测腐蚀速率，并测定了镀层在海盐溶液（3.5%）中的电极电位与极化曲线.结果表明，镀Zn-Ni的18-8钢自身腐蚀不大，还可使船体材料的腐蚀速率最小.      

不锈钢1Cr18NigTi电火花沉积层的组织和成分

以YG8合金为电极，1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢为基体，研究了电火花沉积工艺对沉积层组织结构及沉积层性能的影响。研究结果表明，电火花沉积功率和沉积时间对电火花沉积层的厚度和硬度有一定的影响；沉积工艺影响沉积层内合金元素的分布，导致沉积层内的碳化物有明显的差异。当小功率短时间沉积时，白亮层的物相主要为Cr0．19Fe0．07Ni0．01、WC（1-x）、CoCx和少量的Ni-Cr-Fe；使用大功率长时间沉积时，白亮层的物相主要为（CrFe），C3、CrC、Co3W3C和Ni-Cr-Fe。     

电火花堆焊修复不锈钢表面缺陷工艺

针对飞机不锈钢材料表面损伤,采用电火花堆焊技术进行修复,研究堆焊工艺参数对堆焊过程工艺性、修复层成形性及其显微组织的影响。结果表明,修复层与基体组织呈冶金结合。输出电压是电火花大小和堆焊速度的主要影响因素,最优的输出功率和电压组合为:功率500 W,电压66 V;功率1 000 W,电压89 V;功率1 500 W,电压46 V。脉冲频率高时的堆焊成形性比脉冲频率低时要好。电极直径1.5 mm比4 mm的成形组织更好。修复层的硬度相比基体有显著提高,可达到360 HV。     

点焊电极表面电火花振动熔敷TiC工艺参数优化

为了改善镀锌钢板点焊电极的寿命,选用铬锆铜球型电极,以TiC作熔敷材料,对点焊电极表面进行了电火花振动熔敷功能强化层工艺试验.通过正交试验考察了沉积工艺参数(电容、基体转速、振动频率、沉积时间)对沉积层硬度和厚度的影响.结果表明,电容是影响电火花沉积层硬度和厚度的主要因素;振动频率对沉积层性能有一定的影响;基体转速、沉积时间对沉积层性能影响较小.试验条件下最优工艺参数为电容量30000 μF,基体转速1320 r/min,振动频率50 Hz,沉积时间120 S.     

电火花沉积工艺及沉积层性能的研究

为了研究电火花沉积工艺对沉积层组织结构及沉积层性能的影响,改善电火花沉积层的表面质量.采用新型电火花沉积设备,以YG8电极材料,H13(4Cr5MoSiV)钢为基体材料进行了沉积实验.通过工艺实验,研究了沉积时间、沉积功率、沉积电压、沉积频率和沉积气氛对沉积层的影响规律,用X射线衍射仪分析了沉积层的组织结构,通过硬度实验和抗磨损实验测定了沉积层的纤维硬度和抗磨损性能.试验表明,电火花沉积工艺对沉积层的组织结构和沉积层性能有影响,沉积层内的白亮层含有大量复杂化合物,具有高的纤维硬度和高的耐磨性.     

H13钢表面电火花沉积WC涂层

利用DZ-4000(Ⅲ)型电火花沉积/堆焊机,以WC为电极材料,采用氩气为保护气对H13钢基体进行了电火花表面强化.利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计等对沉积层的成分、组织、硬度和表面粗糙度进行了研究.结果表明,利用电火花沉积工艺可获得组织均匀、致密,且与基体呈冶金结合的沉积层,沉积层平均厚度约60μm.沉积层主要由Fe3W3C、(CrFe)7C3和W2C等相组成.沉积层的平均显微硬度为1321.4 HV0.05,约为基体硬度的3倍.     

铝合金表面电火花堆焊的NiCr合金层

研究了铝合金表面电火花堆焊的NiCr合金层,观察与分析不同保护气氛下的焊点形貌、截面组织形态及层间组织特征。认为堆焊点是由基体熔坑与电极不规则散落熔滴组成的,堆焊层表面呈粗糙不规则平面;堆焊层组织非常细密,须状晶呈平行分布;在氩气保护下,焊点周围有“阴极雾化”现象;堆焊层与基体间存在元素相互扩散。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis