超疏水结构对AZ91D镁合金微摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的 研究微/纳米复合超疏水结构的摩擦磨损机制,提高镁合金微摩擦磨损性能。方法 首先采用激光刻蚀获得微米结构,然后表面涂覆SiO2纳米颗粒,获得微/纳米复合结构,最后涂覆低表面能物质获得超疏水表面。用接触角测量仪测量超疏水表面的静态接触角,使用微摩擦磨损实验机分析超疏水表面的摩擦磨损性能,使用扫描电子显微镜观察表面磨痕形貌。结果 当载荷为1 N时,超疏水表面的摩擦系数约为0.04,基体表面约为0.06。随着载荷的增加,超疏水表面的摩擦系数逐渐与基体相近,并逐渐超过基体。随着时间的增加,超疏水表面的摩擦系数呈增加趋势,由0.04逐渐增加到0.08,基体试样没有明显的上升趋势。相同条件下,超疏水表面的磨痕宽度大于基体表面,但磨痕宽度的增大趋势小于基体表面。结论 微/纳米复合结构超疏水表面的摩擦磨损过程不同于光滑基体。超疏水表面的磨损首先发生于微/纳米凸起结构,之后发生于被微/纳米凸起填平的微米凹坑区,然后发生于激光加工热影响区表面,最后发生于镁合金基体。在所受载荷低于1~3 N时,超疏水表面微凸起结构能延缓超疏水表面摩擦磨损的发生,改善耐磨性能。     

微纳超疏水钛合金表面的制备及其性能研究

目的 制备超疏水自清洁的Ti6Al4V合金表面。方法 首先使用飞秒激光在Ti6Al4V合金表面预制备微米级结构,然后将预制备的样品置于1.0 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中,在超声水浴状态下进行电化学去合金,获得微纳米复合结构。经表面改性后,得到微纳超疏水钛合金表面。结果 经复合制备的微纳超疏水表面结构由微米级的梯形凸柱阵列,以及通过电化学去合金形成的三维纳米孔洞骨架和沉积的微米或亚微米金属氧化物组成。经过表面改性后,该微纳复合结构表面呈现优异的超疏水性,其接触角可达162.5°,滚动角低至3.4°。自清洁性能测试结果表明,该微纳超疏水钛合金表面展现出优异的低黏附性和自清洁性,1滴水对表面的清洁效率达到99.8%。激光加工参数与静态水接触角之间的关系表明,接触角与扫描间距呈负相关,与能量密度、重复次数呈正相关。结论 飞秒激光结合电化学去合金方法制备的具有微纳结构的钛合金表面呈现出优异的超疏水自清洁性能,通过改变激光加工参数能够有效增大表面的静态水接触角,为后续研究提供了一定参考。     

超疏水高疏油不锈钢滤网的制备及其耐腐蚀性能

目的制备对水和油具有低浸润性、低粘附性的不锈钢滤网。方法用Fe Cl3溶液刻蚀并高温煅烧不锈钢滤网,采用十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷对其表面进行改性,制备具有超疏水高疏油表面的不锈钢滤网。分别利用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对滤网表面的形貌和成分进行分析,用接触角测量仪对表面的润湿性能进行测量,用电化学工作站对试样的耐腐蚀性能进行研究。结果在不锈钢滤网表面制备出了二元微纳米粗糙结构,对去离子水的接触角达152?,滚动角为0.5?,对丙三醇的接触达145.2?,滚动角为2?,对大豆油的接触达140.5?,滚动角为8?。处理后的不锈钢滤网的电化学参数有明显的改善,缓蚀率达95.6%。结论制备的超疏水高疏油不锈钢滤网对水和油均具有较低的浸润性及粘附性,且具有更好的耐腐蚀性能。     

加工参数对AZ91D镁合金表面超疏水性能的影响

通过优化加工参数,在镁合金表面获得优良的超疏水性能。用激光刻蚀法获得微米结构,结合纳米涂覆技术制备微/纳米复合结构,再结合低表面能物质,制得超疏水表面。系统研究了加工参数对超疏水性能的影响。通过接触角和滚动角测试,评价镁合金表面的超疏水性,并通过扫描电子显微镜对复合结构表面形貌进行分析。采用涂覆法在激光加工后的基体上成功获得了超疏水改性层。加工参数对AZ91D镁合金超疏水性具有重要的影响。当采用点阵形貌,点阵间距50μm,加工电流为15 A,纳米分散液浓度15 g/L时,AZ91D超疏水表面的静态接触角达到最大值161.1°,滑动角为2.109°,超疏水性能达到最佳。     

机械高稳态超疏水表面的研究进展

超疏水表面因其具有低粘附和排斥水的特性,广泛应用于冷凝传热、抗结冰、减阻、防腐蚀、油水分离及自清洁等众多领域,具有极其重要的应用前景.然而,超疏水表面在机械作用下容易造成超疏水性部分或全部丧失,限制其实际应用,故关于该表面机械稳态性问题研究的重要性凸显.综述了超疏水表面在机械作用下的失稳机制和稳态性评价方式,根据超疏水表面的微纳米结构和低表面能物质失效差异,将机械高稳态超疏水表面的实现策略归纳为三类:构筑自修复性表面,利用涂层中的自修复性分子对表面的疏水物质缺失或结构损伤进行自我补足;构筑微观复合结构表面,选择双尺度(大尺度-微米/小尺度-纳米)或全疏单级(或多级)尺度的结构抵御机械破坏;构筑多组分协同增强表面,通过化学键或范德华力作用,改善涂层的固有强度或提高涂层与基底的结合强度.这三类策略均具有一定的局限性,如何实现超疏水表面大规模工业应用仍是一个科学难题,并展望了其未来的发展方向.     

超疏水钛合金表面在人工海水中的摩擦性能

为提高钛合金在海水中的摩擦性能,采用激光加工技术分别制备具有网格和点阵微结构的超疏水Ti6Al4V合金表面.采用HSR-2M高速往复摩擦试验机研究其在人工海水介质中的摩擦学行为,并与水介质比较.结果表明,超疏水Ti6Al4V合金表面的摩擦系数和磨损量(体积)均显著小于Ti6Al4V基体.海水介质中,与空白样相比,点阵和网格表面的摩擦系数分别减小了17.8%和11.7%,磨损量分别减小了36.8%和57.5%.超疏水Ti6Al4V合金表面在海水介质中的摩擦系数小于水介质中,磨损量大于水介质中.超疏水钛合金表面的制备显著提高了钛合金在海水中的摩擦性能.     

金属铝表面超疏水薄膜的构筑及减摩特性

目的改善铝基材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。方法采用两步法在铝表面构筑稳定的超疏水薄膜。首先采用盐酸溶液刻蚀金属铝,在其表面构筑微纳织构;然后涂覆硬脂酸,降低表面能。利用SEM、XRD、FTIR、接触角测量仪及摩擦磨损试验机表征铝表面超疏水薄膜的表面形貌、化学组分、润湿性和减摩耐磨特性。结果 SEM及XRD分析表明,刻蚀后的铝表面呈现多尺度微纳结构。FTIR分析表明,脂肪酸以双配位结构与铝表面发生作用。接触角测试表明,所制备的薄膜呈现出良好的超疏水性能,静态接触角达150°,滑动角小于10°。摩擦学实验结果表明,制备的超疏水薄膜可明显改善铝基底的摩擦学性能,在干摩擦条件下与钢球对磨时,超疏水薄膜的摩擦系数保持在0.16左右,寿命超过10 000 s,而相同条件下未处理的金属铝摩擦系数超过0.6。结论采用盐酸溶液刻蚀金属铝,然后涂覆硬脂酸,可在铝表面构筑复合薄膜。薄膜不仅表现出明显的超疏水特性,同时具有良好的减摩耐磨性能。该方法技术简单,价格低廉,易于批量化生产,为改善微纳条件下铝及其合金的摩擦学性能提供了一个新的思路。     

不锈钢耦合变形摩擦有限元分析

针对奥氏体不锈钢成形过程中的摩擦磨损问题,设计了一种耦合变形摩擦的试验方法,在实验中分析了耦合摩擦试验中钢带滑动速度对钢板与压头间的摩擦系数的影响。通过对磨损表面进行观察,以及LSDYNA仿真对应力的分析发现：滑动速度的增加引起了剪切应力的增加,钢带试样的马氏体组织转变量随着其滑动速度的增加而增加,并引起摩擦表层马氏体组织磨粒磨损,表面磨损现象加重,且摩擦系数波动减小。     

飞秒激光与电沉积复合工艺制备不锈钢超疏水表面及减阻性能EI北大核心CSCD

在远程管道运输过程中,固液间摩擦阻力是一个不容忽视的问题,类鲨鱼结构减阻效率低且制备困难。基于荷叶表面仿生思想,构筑微结构制备超疏水表面,减小摩擦阻力。采用飞秒激光刻蚀与电沉积复合工艺,在不锈钢表面构筑框-锥多级结构,经自组装氟硅烷制备超疏水表面,讨论复合工艺参数对微结构形貌及润湿性能的影响,探究框-锥多级结构超疏水表面减阻。结果表明,利用飞秒激光可获得周期性分布的框结构,随着激光功率的增加,微米框结构内部形成不规则沟壑金属堆积物,且关光延时的增长会产生单侧分布微孔结构,损伤基体整体强度;通过电沉积工艺制备亚微米尖锥结构镍镀层,随着电流密度的增加,镀层微结构形态发生变化,形成亚微米尖锥石结构,表面由疏水转变为超疏水。与激光刻蚀10次自组装氟硅烷涂层试样相比,激光刻蚀与电沉积复合工艺自组装氟硅烷涂层的试样表面接触角由138.6°提高到156.7°,对水和30wt.%甘油的减阻率分别由8.17%、14.38%提高到27.74%、23.69%。将激光刻蚀与电沉积相结合,构筑微纳结构经自组装制备超疏水表面,可为降低管道输运中固液间摩擦阻力提供新的技术途径。     

平行沟槽织构对TB6钛合金表面润湿性、摩擦学性能和耐腐蚀性的改善

提出了一种快速制备具有超疏水性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性的Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al （TB6）钛合金表面的方法。通过纳秒激光器对抛光的钛合金进行精确烧蚀,构筑了具有平行微沟槽阵列特征的织构表面。随后,利用紫外线灯照射和十八烷基三氯硅烷溶液浸渍进行化学改性,进一步增强了表面的疏水性。从表面形态和化学组分的角度分析了微沟槽间隔对织构表面润湿性的影响。结果表明,在干滑动、水润滑和油润滑条件下,所制备的超疏水表面相较于原始亲水表面,平均摩擦系数分别降低了34%、56%和59%。此外,分析了相关摩擦系数变化的机理。通过动电位极化测试验证,所制备的超疏水表面展现出优异的耐腐蚀性,为钛合金基体提供了有效的长期保护。     

Wear and transfer characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites under water lubrication

The tribological characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites under distilled-water-lubricated-sliding and dry-sliding against stainless steel were comparatively investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine composite microstructures and modes of failure. The typical chemical states of elements of the transfer film on the stainless steel were examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Wear testing and SEM analysis show that all the composites hold the lowered friction coefficient and show much better wear resistance under water lubricated sliding against stainless steel than those under dry sliding. The wear of composites is characterized by plastic deformation, scuffing, micro cracking, and spalling under both dry-sliding and water lubricated conditions. Plastic deformation, scuffing, micro cracking, and spalling, however, are significantly abated under water-lubricated condition. XPS analysis conforms that none of the materials produces transfer films on the stainless steel counterface with the type familiar from dry sliding, and the transfer of composites onto the counterpart ring surface is significantly hindered while the oxidation of the stainless steel is speeded under water lubrication. The composites hinder transfer onto the steel surface and the boundary lubricating action of water accounts for the much smaller wear rate under water lubrication compared with that under dry sliding. The easier transfer of the composite onto the counterpart steel surface accounts for the larger wear rate of the polymer composite under dry sliding.     

钢表面离子束改性类金刚石膜层性能

离子束沉积类金刚石膜是钢表面改性的一项新技术。类金刚石改性膜层显微硬度和表面电阻率在特定轰击能量下出现峰值 ;双离子束轰击混合界面可以提高膜层显微硬度 ,并使峰值向低能量方向偏移 ,而且大大增强膜基结合强度。在大气环境中 ,改性膜层对钢的摩擦系数达到 0 0 80～ 0 1 80 ,在摩擦过程中起减摩作用。另一方面 ,类金刚石膜层显著提高钢的耐磨性 ,试验表明 ,40Cr钢表面镀膜后其磨损量是镀膜前的 1 /2 74。类金刚石膜由于使 2Cr1 3不锈钢在 3 5%NaCl溶液中的自然电位Ecorr和点蚀击穿电位Eb 增大 ,因而明显增强钢的抗点蚀能力。     

电沉积法制备Co–LDHM超疏水膜及性能研究

目的 采用电沉积法在不锈钢网上构筑稳定的钴层状双氢氧化物微球(Co–LDHM)超疏水薄膜。方法 首先,通过第1次电沉积在不锈钢网上制备出ZIFs纳米片阵列结构(ZIF–NFA),并以此为牺牲模板,然后在第2次电沉积作用下制备出微纳米尺寸的Co–LDHM,最后通过浸泡硅烷降低其表面能。通过溅射试验、耐磨性实验、油水分离实验及电化学试验,分别评价经超疏水改性后不锈钢网的抗污、耐摩擦、油水分离及耐蚀性能,并通过接触角,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对不锈钢网表面的疏水程度及膜表面的形貌与结构进行分析。结果 经两步电沉积处理后的不锈钢网表面类似浴球状,具有微米/纳米多级表面形貌结构;接触角测试表明,所制备的薄膜呈现出良好的超疏水性能,静态接触角达到159.4°±2°;经过30个耐摩擦实验周期,其表面接触角为141.3°±2°,仍具有较高的疏水性;油水分离效率均大于97%,重复20次以上分离效率仍保持在96%,且具有一定耐蚀性能和良好的抗污性。结论 通过两步电沉积法构筑的Co-LDHM超疏水不锈钢网具有优异的超疏水性能,为MOFs在制备超疏水材料方面的应用提供了一个新的思路。     

离子液体润滑下非晶碳膜的载流摩擦磨损行为

目的考察非晶碳膜(amorphous carbon film,a-C)在干摩擦和在离子液体(IL)润滑下的载流摩擦磨损行为特点。方法选取不锈钢、涂覆离子液体的不锈钢、a-C薄膜和涂覆离子液体的a-C薄膜(a-C-IL)分别与不锈钢小球对磨,在直流电流为0.2 A的条件下进行摩擦磨损测试,对比了各种试样的摩擦学行为。通过扫描电镜、表面三维轮廓仪和拉曼光谱对磨痕和磨斑进行分析表征,并讨论各种摩擦副的磨损机制。结果非晶碳膜与离子液体均能有效地降低钢-钢摩擦副在载流条件下的摩擦系数,使得稳定摩擦系数从～0.8分别降低到～0.2和～0.15。当a-C膜与IL进行复合后,进一步降低了a-C膜的载流摩擦系数(～0.1),但是a-C膜的耐磨性能降低。结论在载流摩擦磨损测试下,钢-钢摩擦副的摩擦系数大,磨损严重,伴随轻微的粘着磨损;离子液体可以明显减小摩擦副之间的粘着,降低钢-钢摩擦副的摩擦系数和磨损率。在钢基底上镀a-C薄膜,摩擦过程中a-C磨屑形成的转移膜发生了石墨化,能显著降低摩擦系数,减小磨损率。a-C-IL固液复合薄膜具有比a-C膜更低的载流摩擦系数,但其耐磨性能不如a-C膜。     

Depassivation of some metals by sliding friction

Nickel, TA6V4 alloy and 316L stainless steel were passivated in aerated sulphuric acid solution (0.5 M), and submitted to sliding friction against a loaded alumina ball. The effects of sliding speed and normal applied load on tribological behaviour of the passivating films were analyzed. Friction coefficients were measured and the metal wear rates were deduced from 3D profilometry recordings on the wear tracks. Current variations were also measured during friction tests and the results are discussed in terms of depassivation-repassivation kinetics induced by the passivating film breakdown. The effects of sliding speed and applied load on the depassivation kinetics and thus current enhancement due to friction were particularly studied. The Passivating film formed on nickel surface shows the best resistance to friction and wear, whereas TA6V4 alloy shows the worst behaviour. The Passivating film on this alloy wears easily leading to a high material consumption. 316L stainless steel situates between the two other materials.     

金属锌表面超疏水薄膜的耐蚀及摩擦学性能的表征

目的改善金属锌在海洋环境中的耐蚀及摩擦学性能。方法通过简单的化学刻蚀及自组装技术在金属锌表面制备超疏水薄膜,对薄膜的结构和润湿性进行了表征,研究了超疏水薄膜在模拟海水(3.5%Na Cl溶液)中的耐蚀性能和摩擦学性能。结果经N,N-二甲基甲酰胺水溶液刻蚀后,金属锌表面呈多尺度微纳的Zn O结构,Zn O结构经硬脂酸修饰后,表面呈现出超疏水特性,表面静态接触角达150°,滑动角小于5°。同时发现,在3.5%Na Cl水溶液中,金属锌表面超疏水薄膜具有优异的耐蚀性能,并能够显著降低摩擦和磨损。结论经简单的化学刻蚀及自组装技术可在锌表面构筑超疏水薄膜,薄膜在海洋环境下具有良好的耐蚀、减摩及耐磨性能。     

不锈钢与GFER及CFRPEEK在海水润滑下的摩擦磨损特性

为了寻找适合于低速大扭矩海水液压马达的各摩擦副之间的配对材料,分别以不锈钢(316L和9Cr18Mo)与玻纤环氧复合材料(GFER)及碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮(CFRPEEK)为摩擦副,利用MMU-5G屏显式高温材料端面摩擦磨损试验机对摩擦副在海水中接触表面的温度、摩擦因数和摩擦磨损状况进行了测试,并通过激光共聚焦显微镜对接触表面的磨损形貌进行分析。结果表明:不锈钢/GFER的摩擦因数随着时间的变化在0.3~0.4间波动且幅度较大,而不锈钢/CFRPEEK的摩擦因数随着时间的增加稳定在0.1左右;不锈钢/GFER所引起海水温升的幅度也远远高于不锈钢/CFRPEEK;不锈钢/GFER的接触表面出现了大面积的涂抹与擦伤,且磨损程度要大于不锈钢/CFRPEEK;不锈钢316L的耐腐蚀性优于9Cr18Mo。由此可知,316L/CFRPEEK较适合作为低速大扭矩海水液压马达的摩擦副材料。     

Improved Wear Resistance of Low Carbon Steel with Plasma Melt Injection of WC Particles

Surface of a low carbon steel Q235 substrate was melted by a plasma torch, and tungsten carbide (WC) particles were injected into the melt pool. WC reinforced surface metal matrix composite (MMC) was synthesized. Dry sliding wear behavior of the surface MMC was studied and compared with the substrate. The results show that dry sliding wear resistance of low carbon steel can be greatly improved by plasma melt injection of WC particles. Hardness of the surface MMC is much higher than that of the substrate. The high hardness lowers the adhesion and abrasion of the surface MMC, and also the friction coefficient of it. The oxides formed in the sliding process also help to lower the friction coefficient. In this way, the dry sliding wear resistance of the surface MMC is greatly improved.     

Self-lubricating mechanisms via the in situ formed tribo-film of sintered ceramics with hBN addition in a high humidity environment

Sliding wear tests against monolithic Si₃N₄ and austenitic stainless steel, respectively, were performed on Si₃N₄ ceramic with the addition of hBN solid lubricants. The friction coefficients and wear rates were measured. The wear surface features were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning microscopy (LSM), and the chemical characterization of worn surface was made by Energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that the friction coefficient and the wear rate decreased with the increase of hBN up to 20 vol% at high relative humidity (RH95%). When Si₃N₄-hBN ceramic composites sliding against stainless steel, with further increases in hBN content, the wear rate increased rapidly. The mechanism responsible were determined to be an in-situ formed tribo-chemical film composed of B-O and Si-O compounds between the pin-disc sliding couple. SEM observations showed that a black surface film is formed on the wear surface depending on the hBN content. The surface film associated with small friction coefficient of 0.03 and low wear rate with the magnitude of 10^− 6 mm³/Nm was formed by the releasing and smearing of the tribo-chemical reaction products of hBN and moisture on the wear surface when with 20 vol%hBN content. This tribo-chemical film acted as solid lubricant film between the sliding couple, and thus the couple entered to a state of boundary lubrication. Hence, the friction coefficient and the wear rate were significantly reduced. For Si₃N₄-hBN/stainless steel sliding pair, even at high relative humidity, no tribo-chemical film was observed on samples with 30 vol%hBN content, just because of a large degradation of mechanical properties of the composite with higher hBN content. At low relative humidity (RH25%), the wear mechanism for Si₃N₄-hBN sliding couple was mainly dominated by mechanical wear (abrasive or adhesive wear) due to the absence of tribo-chemical film on the wear surfaces, and higher friction coefficient and wear rate were obtained.