Fe-0.34-0.90B合金组织与性能的研究

研究了含0.34％C、0.90％B的Fe-C-B铸造合金及不同热处理的组织与性能.结果表明,合金凝固组织由珠光体、铁素体和硼化物组成,硬度和韧性较低;热处理改变了合金中基体和共晶硼化物分布形态,Fe-C-B合金的硬度为19.9～56 HRC,而韧性为4.4～7.3J/cm2,其中水淬处理后的综合力学性能最好.     

铬含量对Fe-Cr-B堆焊合金显微组织及耐磨性的影响

目的在Fe-x Cr-3.5B-0.1C药芯焊丝中加入不同含量的铬,了解铬含量对堆焊合金硼化物形貌以及耐磨性能的影响。方法采用CO_2气体保护堆焊的方法在Q235钢基板上制备Fe-Cr-B系耐磨合金,利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM等方法观察堆焊合金层的显微组织结构,以及湿砂橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机对堆焊层进行磨粒磨损试验。结果堆焊合金层主要由铁素体枝晶、马氏体、珠光体和硼化物组成,硼化物随着Cr含量的增加发生Fe_2B到M_2B(M=Fe,Cr)的转变,它主要分布在金属基体的连续网状和鱼骨状结构中。凝固过程中,当Cr质量分数大于9%时,首先形成初生M_2B颗粒,随后形成共晶的M_2B和BCC结构的Fe基固溶体,这种共晶的微观结构主要由基体和长条状的M_2B硼化物组成。从Cr与(Fe,Cr)的原子数分数比值可以看出,硼化物发生从Fe_2B→(Fe,Cr)_2B→(Cr,Fe)_2B的转变。铬含量对Fe-Cr-B系耐磨堆焊合金的组织、硼化物形貌有较大影响。由于硼化物空间结构的变化,硼化物的显微硬度会随着铬原子进入Fe_2B而逐渐提高。结论随Cr含量的增加,及共晶硼化物硬质相的析出,堆焊合金的硬度和耐磨性呈现持续提高的趋势。当Cr含量为20%时,合金中生成的长条状M_2B相作为耐磨骨架无序的分布且镶嵌于基体中,合金耐磨料的磨损性能比Cr含量为9%时的提高了约7.4倍。     

高硼低碳钛氮耐磨铸造合金的试验研究

为提高金属材料的耐磨性,在普通低碳钢中加入B(2.5~4.0)%和Ti、N(0.20~0.40)%,获得了大量具有高硬度硼化物的铸造合金,并对其显微组织进行了观察和XRD分析。结果表明:铸造合金的铸态组织比较细密,由铁素体+珠光体+Fe2B组成,Fe2B呈连续网状沿晶界分布,铁素体呈不规则块状分布在硼化物周围,珠光体呈片层状分布在硼化物和铁素体之间;经980℃×2h+250℃×4h淬回火热处理后,铁素体和珠光体全部转变为强韧性均好的板条马氏体组织,Fe2B局部出现断网现象,仍呈网状分布;少量Ti、N元素的加入可细化奥氏体晶粒,显著改善Fe2B韧性。经测试,热处理铸造合金硬度≥60.2 HRC,冲击韧性≥25.5 J/cm2,耐磨性相对40Gr钢提高了2.5倍。     

等温淬火含硼高硅铁基合金的韧化研究

等温淬火含硼高硅合金是一种新型的金属耐磨材料,它以高硬度的硼化物耐磨相代替传统的碳化物耐磨相,是在高硅铸钢合金成分的基础上添加一定量的硼元素并经由等温淬火的热处理而得到的。通常含硼高硅合金在铸态下由枝晶状基体与沿晶界分布的网状共晶硼化物组成,基体为层片状的珠光体和一定量的沿硼化物周围生长的层状铁素体,但网状分布的硼化物严重降低了其韧性。本研究在去除合金元素铬、钼的情况下通过添加钛元素进行变质,使得硼化物的形态由连续网状转变为粒状,合金在硬度基本不变的前提下冲击韧性从4 J/cm2提高至30 J/cm2。     

淬火温度对铸造Fe-0.61C-1.56B合金组织和性能的影响

在分析含碳0.61％、含硼1.56％的Fe-C-B合金凝固组织和性能的基础上,研究了淬火温度对其组织和性能的影响.结果表明,Fe-0.61C-1.56B合金凝固组织主要由共晶硼化物、珠光体和铁素体构成,经过950℃～1100℃淬火处理后,共晶硼化物和奥氏体的形态发生变化,基体转变为淬火马氏体,Fe-C-B合金的硬度和韧性较铸态有改善,在1050℃淬火时,合金的硬度和韧性达到最佳.     

高硼低碳铁基合金凝固组织研究

借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针显微分析仪和X衍射分析等手段,研究了B含量＞1wt%和C含量＜0.2wt%的Fe-B-C铸造合金的凝固组织及合金元素的分布特征.研究发现,Fe-B-C铸造合金的凝固组织由硼化物、铁素体和珠光体组成,而且硼化物全部是Fe2B,显微硬度达到1430-1480HV,硼化物沿晶界呈网状分布.随着凝固冷却速度增加,凝固组织和硼化物明显细化.研究还发现,快速冷却条件下,硼化物数量减少,铁素体有增加趋势.另外,硼主要分布在硼化物中,基体中分布甚微.     

热处理对新型含硼低碳高锰合金组织影响的热力学分析

研究了一种新型含硼低碳高锰合金并讨论了热处理对其组织的影响。研究表明,合金铸态组织由铁素体基体（少量残留奥氏体）、M2B硼化物、M23（C,B）6以及Ti（C,N）相组成,且硼化物呈断续网状分布;高温淬火后基体并没有发生马氏体相变,基体中残留奥氏体的含量增加,硼化物因部分溶解体积分数减少,且硼化物的分布更加弥散。从热力学角度分析了热处理对合金组织的影响。     

新型耐磨白口铸铁的研究

研究以硼化物为耐磨相的新型耐磨白口铸铁的组织特点与力学性能.研究结果表明:该类白口铸铁在铸态时由枝晶状基体和晶间共晶硼化物组成.共晶硼化物具有M2B型晶体结构,其显微硬度较高,且分布形态与高铬白口铸铁中的碳化物类似;基体由马氏体和少量的珠光体组成.热处理后,硼化物形态基本不变,基体大部分转变成为板条状马氏体,并且在基体中析出尺寸不同的两种颗粒.该类白口铸铁具有优良的硬度和韧性组合,还有良好的淬透性,是一种很有前途的耐磨材料.     

Fe-Cr-B-C堆焊合金的显微组织及耐磨性

采用药芯焊丝埋弧堆焊方法制备含有C0.5%～0.7%,Cr9%～12%,B0%～2.25%(质量分数)的堆焊合金。借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和微区EDS分析等手段研究其显微组织及分布形貌。结果表明,其显微组织由铁素体+奥氏体+马氏体+硼化物((Fe,Cr)2B,(Fe,Cr)23(C,B)6,(Fe,Cr)B和(Fe,Cr)3(B,C))等组成,硼化物呈条状、菊花状、块状甚至蜂窝状等形态,不同硼化物数量及其分布形态随硼含量而改变,其中最为典型是(Fe,Cr)23(C,B)6呈菊花状并聚集分布。另外,考察了硼含量对Fe-10Cr-xB-0.6C堆焊合金硬度及耐磨性的影响,耐磨粒磨损试验结果表明,高硼堆焊合金的磨损性优良,当聚集分布的硼化物数量过多,磨粒压入基体及其显微切削运动受到硼化物的有效阻碍,但部分硼化物脱落留下的空洞使其压入切削变易,这使得硼化物与基体的界面结合强度成为影响其耐磨性的一个重要甚至主导因素。     

热处理对Fe-B-C合金显微组织和性能的影响

研究含1.4%～2.0%B和0.4%～0.6%C的Fe-B-C合金凝固过程和凝固组织以及不同淬火加热温度下的显微组织、力学性能和耐磨性的变化规律.结果表明,Fe-B-C合金凝固组织由Fe2B、Fe3(C,B)和Fe23(C,B)6等硼化物及马氏体、珠光体和铁素体等金属基体组成.淬火后硼化物局部断网且无硼化物新相出现,基体全部转变成马氏体,硬度大于55HRC.随淬火温度升高,Fe-B-C合金硬度增加,冲击韧性变化不明显.Fe-B-C合金在静载销盘磨损和动载冲击磨损条件下,都具有优异的耐磨性,且淬火温度变化对耐磨性无明显影响.     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF PULSE ELECTRODEPOSITED RE-Ni-W-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS

The effects of pulse frequency f and duty cycle r on the deposition rate, composition, morphology, and hardness of pulse electrodeposited RE （rare earth）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings have been studied. The results indicate that pulse current can improve the deposition rate of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings; W, P, and SiC contents in the coating decrease with the increase of pulse frequency and reach the lowest value at f = 33Hz, whereas the RE content in the composite coatings increases with the increase of pulse frequency. SiC content decreases with the increase of duty cycle, W content reaches the lowest value, and P content reaches the highest value at r = 0.4; pulse current and RE can lead to smaller size of the crystalline grains; however, the effects of different pulse frequency and duty cycle on the morphologies of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings are not obvious. The hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings is the highest when the duty cycle is at 0.6 and 0.8 and pulse frequency is at 50Hz. At the same pulse frequency, the hardness of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coatings at r= 0.8 is higher than that at r= 0.6.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.