等通道角挤压制备细晶ZK60镁合金的组织与力学性能

利用两种等通道角挤压(ECAP)方法(普通单步ECAP和两步ECAP)制备细晶ZK60合金。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对合金的组织和织构进行观察,通过拉伸试验研究不同ECAP方法对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:与单步ECAP变形相比,两步ECAP变形,由于降低了变形温度,晶粒细化效果更好;经过(240℃,4道次)+(180℃,4道次)两步ECAP变形后,合金晶粒细化至约0.8μm;合金的力学性能与材料的织构密切相关,由于存在织构软化效应,与挤压态相比,经单步ECAP变形后合金的强度有所降低,而伸长率明显提高;但经两步ECAP变形后,由于细晶强化和亚结构强化的作用,合金的强度得到提高。     

等通道转角挤压制备超细晶Mg15A1双相合金组织与性能

对高铝双相合金Mg15A1在553K以Bc路线进行了不同道次的等通道挤压（ECAP）,获得了超细晶高铝镁合金。通过OM,SEM,TEM分析了ECAP前后合金的微观组织结构及断口形貌,并测试了不同挤压道次后合金的硬度和室温拉伸性能,分析了ECAP细化晶粒机理及其性能改善原因。结果表明,随挤压道次增加,累计形变增强,网状硬脆相β-Mg17Al12破碎,合金晶粒显著细化,但对单相区和两相混合区细化效果不同。在α、β两相共存区内,4道次ECAP后形成100nm-200nm的细晶粒;在α单相区,4道次ECAP后晶粒为1μm以下,且在初晶α-Mg内析出弥散细小的β相,起到细晶强化和弥散强化作用。8道次ECAP后,晶粒略有长大。ECAP使合金的硬度、抗拉强度和延伸率同时得到提高,尤其是4道次ECAP后,硬度提高了32．04％,抗拉强度σb从150MPa提高到269．3MPa,延伸率δ由0．05％提高到7．4％;8道次ECAP后,硬度、抗拉强度略有下降,延伸率略有上升。SEM断口观察显示ECAP使合金拉伸断口形貌由铸态的解理断裂特征转变为延性韧窝断裂特征。     

双相合金Mg-8Li-1Al的等通道转角挤压Ⅱ.挤压后合金的室温拉伸性能

随着等通道转角挤压(ECAP)次数的增加，Mg-8Li-1Al(质量分数，％)合金的室温拉伸强度和塑性同时增加，对应1，2，3，4次ECAP，合金的屈服强度分别为169，185，196和198MPa，延伸率分别为12％，14％，25％和27％，微观组织分析表明，ECAP方法在细化两相组织、提高合金强度的同时，还改善了α相组织的均匀性和等轴性，并使各晶粒间的取向差逐渐增大，这种处在非平衡状态的、具有较大取向差的晶界结构，在室温拉伸变形过程中可激活晶界滑移或晶粒转动等变形方式，进而使材料的塑性随道次增加而得到提高。     

等径角挤压Al-4%Mg-0.3%Ce合金的拉伸及断裂行为

对Al-4％Mg-0．3％Ce合金进行了不同道次和路径的等径角挤压（ECAP）加工,对其所加工样品在室温下进行了10^-4～10^-1s^-1不同应变速率的拉伸试验及其断口观察,探讨了ECAP合金的室温拉伸及断裂行为,并与常规热挤压进行了对比分析。结果表明,ECAP合金表现出更高的室温屈服强度,经过不同道次和路径ECAP的合金的拉伸断裂方式为切断型,而常规热挤压合金的拉伸断裂方式则为正断型。     

ECAP变形对Mg-4.5Zn-1Ca合金显微组织及腐蚀性能的影响

采用OM、SEM、XRD对铸态和等通道角挤压(ECAP)变形后Mg-4.5Zn-1Ca(wt%)合金的微观组织进行了表征。通过电化学工作站和浸泡法评估了ECAP变形前后合金在模拟体液(SBF)中的腐蚀性能。结果表明,铸态Mg-4.5Zn-1Ca合金显微组织由α-Mg基体及分布在晶界处和晶粒内的Ca2Mg6Zn3相组成,平均晶粒尺寸为86μm。经ECAP变形后,合金的晶粒尺寸得到显著细化,经6道次ECAP变形后的平均晶粒尺寸为5μm。随着ECAP变形道次的增加,第二相在镁基体中的分布更加均匀、弥散。ECAP变形后合金更容易发生腐蚀,挤压道次越多,合金的自腐蚀电位越负,自腐蚀电流越大,即耐蚀性越差。经6道次ECAP变形后合金的自腐蚀电位最负(-1.42 V),自腐蚀电流最大(407.38μA/cm~2),耐蚀性最差。     

ECAP变形对Mg-Y-Nd-Zr合金组织和性能的影响

利用等通道角变形(ECAP)方法,沿Bc路径在400℃温度下对稀土Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr合金进行不同道次的塑性变形,采用光学显微镜,X射线衍射仪和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术等分析了不同道次挤压之后合金的微观组织、晶粒尺寸、物相和织构的变化,采用硬度试验和拉伸试验研究了ECAP不同道次对合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:ECAP之后Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr合金晶粒得到明显细化,并且在4道次之后晶粒细化效果最佳,大部分晶粒已细化至0.45μm;在ECAP变形6道次后再结晶的晶粒开始长大,但晶粒组织在6道次的时候均匀性最好;Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr合金第二相体积分数较小,ECAP变形后有大量的第二相粒子Mg_2Y相从过饱和的基体中析出且多分布于晶界处,ECAP变形4道次后各相数量趋于稳定;Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr合金随着挤压道次的增加,小角度晶界所占比例减少,大角度晶界有所增加;同时,进行ECAP变形后,Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr合金织构的强度和取向都有所变化,织构强度在4道次时最弱,在随后的ECAP变形中又开始增强,在6道次时由倾斜织构转变成强基面织构,Schmind因子趋于0,力学性能结果表明晶粒的细化作用大于织构的软化作用和强化作用,随着ECAP道次的增加,Mg-2Y-0.6Nd-0.6Zr合金的力学性能有所提高,但是在ECAP变形4道次后提高幅度较小,抗拉强度由150 MPa提高到183 MPa,硬度也从54.8 HV0.1提高到了63.7 HV0.1,屈服强度也较ECAP变形之前提高了56%,基本上符合Hall-Petch关系;并且在6道次后,由于晶粒细化且均匀分布,室温伸长率提高到了26.7%。     

扩展路径低温ECAP及时效热处理对Cu0.6Cr合金的组织和性能影响

采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪对Cu0.6Cr合金经低温扩展路径等通道转角挤压（ECAP）后的组织演变规律进行了研究。采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪研究了Cu0.6Cr合金经不同时效热处理条件后的晶粒大小、析出相分布规律和断裂特征。并且分别测试了合金经低温ECAP和低温ECAP+时效热处理后的抗拉伸强度、硬度和导电率。结果表明,Cu0.6Cr合金经低温ECAP变形后形成明显细化且相互交割的纤维组织,并且合金在变形中始终保持（111）面的择优取向。时效热处理的合金变形量越大,析出相的数目和尺寸就越大,第二相析出速率也越快。5道次合金经450 ℃时效2 h后的抗拉伸强度为568.1 MPa,维氏硬度为1624.8 MPa,导电率为82%IACS。     

ECAP对连铸Cu-Ag合金断口形态及力学性能的影响

采用连续铸造和等径角挤压变形(ECAP)加工集成技术制备Cu-Ag合金,研究其力学性能和相应的拉伸断口形态。研究发现,Cu-Ag合金的强度随着ECAP加工道次和Ag含量的增加而增加,而延伸率却下降。连续铸造和ECAP加工的合金与传统浇铸和ECAP加工的合金相比,缩颈前静态韧性有所提高。同时发现,只有连铸的Cu-Ag合金在断裂前表现出缩颈现象,而经ECAP挤压后试样的断裂变为剪切模式,随着ECAP道次的增加出现不同的剪切断裂角。基于实验结果,讨论了经ECAP挤压后连铸Cu-Ag合金的拉伸断裂机制。     

等通道转角挤压对Mg-6Zn合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)技术,在200℃对Mg-6Zn合金进行了不同道次的挤压。结果表明,经ECAP挤压后合金显微组织明显细化、均匀化,平均晶粒尺寸由15μm减小到3μm;ECAP过程中粗大的块状共晶相变形破碎、细化,并在周围诱发新相析出。通过XRD分析发现析出相主要是Mg_4Zn_7和MgZn_2。经过2道次ECAP挤压后,Mg-6Zn合金的抗拉强度可达275 MPa,屈服强度达到245 MPa,伸长率为24%。当ECAP道次增加到4道次和6道次后,强度反而下降。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金ECAP变形后的组织和性能

通过对退火态的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金在523 K加热进行不同道次等径通道挤压(ECAP),采用120°模具在Bc路径下经10次ECAP变形后等效真应变达到6.2.试验结果表明,退火态合金试样ECAP挤压后晶粒明显细化,8道次之后晶粒细化趋于缓和,10道次后获得晶粒尺寸为0.8 μm左右的等轴状组织.性能测试结果表明:合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率随着ECAP变形道次的增加而增大,ECAP提高了合金的综合力学性能,显著地改善了合金的塑性.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.