溶胶-喷雾干燥超细/纳米晶W-20Cu复合粉末的烧结行为

采用喷雾干燥-氢气还原法制备超细/纳米晶W-20Cu(质量分数,%)复合粉末,粉末压坯直接从室温推入高温区烧结不同时间后直接取出水淬,研究其烧结致密化和显微组织的变化。结果表明,超细/纳米晶W-20Cu粉末在1000～1200℃烧结时发生迅速致密化。粉末压坯在1200℃烧结60min,其材料致密度已达到96.4%。1420℃烧结90min时致密度达到99%以上。1100～1420℃烧结时其烧结致密化活化能不断减小,从1100℃时的276.3kJ/mol减小到1420℃时的29.1kJ/mol。当温度低于1200℃时,W晶粒长大不明显,当温度超过1300℃时,W晶粒开始有明显长大。随温度的升高W晶粒发生显著球形化,1420℃烧结时发现其晶粒长大符合G3=kt的Ostwald机制,此时晶粒长大动力学系数K仅为0.024μm3/min。     

铸态42CrMo钢的高温塑性变形特性

利用Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机,在应变速率为0.01~10 s-1、变形温度为1000~1150℃、变形量为60%的条件下对铸态42Cr Mo钢的高温塑性变形特性进行了研究。结果表明,材料的流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;试验钢的峰值应力激活能Q=325.63 k J/mol,稳态应力激活能Q=271.84 k J/mol;变形过程中动态再结晶晶粒平均尺寸随温度的增大而增大,随应变速率的增大而减小,其自然对数与Zener-Hollomon参数的自然对数成线性关系。     

纳米8YSZ粉末不同温度下烧结行为研究

目的通过关注纳米8YSZ粉末在不同温度下烧结过程中的晶粒长大行为及相结构组成变化,获得纳米8YSZ粉末的高温稳定性,防止高温烧结导致纳米8YSZ涂层性能明显衰减,致使涂层在正常服役过程中过早失效。方法采用共沉淀工艺合成低杂质含量的8YSZ纳米粉末,经过低温煅烧预处理后,在900~1200℃温度区间进行3~12 h的烧结。通过X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对纳米颗粒进行物相结构和形貌分析,根据Scherrer公式计算热处理后的颗粒平均晶粒尺寸,采用Arrhenius公式得到晶粒生长活化能,进而确定晶粒的生长机制。结果经过低温煅烧预处理后,粉末绝大多数仍然保持非晶态结构,经过高温热处理后,粉末均完成了晶态转化,相结构基本为单一四方相。温度为900~1100℃时,晶粒生长的活化能为42.638 k J/mol;温度为1100~1200℃时,晶粒生长的活化能为3.849 k J/mol。结论高温热处理后,纳米8YSZ粉末物相结构为单一四方相,可以保持高温稳定性,防止涂层性能明显衰减。温度为900~1200℃时,晶粒生长机制以表面扩散为主的聚合生长。     

奥氏体耐热钢20Cr-25Ni-1.5MoNbTiN的热压缩变形行为

利用Gleeble3800热模拟试验机对20Cr-25Ni-1.5Mo Nb Ti N奥氏体耐热钢在温度为930~1230℃、应变速率为0.005~5 s-1条件下进行热压缩试验,获得不同热压缩条件下的流变应力曲线,用光学显微镜观察热压缩试样的显微组织。结果表明:变形温度相同时,随应变速率增大动态再结晶程度逐渐减小,甚至完全处于加工硬化状态,其热激活能为328 k J/mol;当应变速率为5 s-1、变形温度为1130~1230℃、应变量较小时和应变速率为0.005 s-1、变形温度930~1230℃、应变量较大时,出现失稳现象;动态再结晶的临界应力与Z参数之间成线性关系,峰值应力与应变速率和变形温度也有线性关系。     

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 应用Gleeble3800热模拟试验机测试了Q345E钢连铸坯的高温力学性能,通过观察试样断口形貌分析变形断裂机理。试验结果表明：在600℃~1300℃范围内Q345E钢的脆性温度区间为750℃~900℃,塑性温度区间为950℃~1300℃,为指导Q345E钢的连铸生产提供理论依据。     

FeWB基陶瓷在真空烧结过程中的组织和相转变

研究了烧结温度和保温时间对反应硼化烧结制备FeWB基陶瓷的影响。利用X射线衍射,扫描电镜和能谱仪对FeWB基烧结过程中的相转变,微观组织以及反应机理进行了表征。结果表明FeWB硬质相是通过W + Fe2B = FeWB + Fe和FeB + W = FeWB两种方式合成的,并且反应生成的FeWB晶粒呈各向异性分布。在温度区间为800℃-1150℃之间,FeWB基陶瓷的密度骤然升高,这与Fe2B相的熔化有关。在1300℃时,由于W2B相的存在,会使FeWB相转变为Fe7W6相,从而使密度进一步升高。随着烧结温度的提高,通过液相烧结制备的金属陶瓷表现出相对均匀的微观结构,而且原位合成的FeWB颗粒会发生长大。为了获得较高的致密度,实验结果表明,FeWB基陶瓷的烧结温度应控制在1150℃-1250℃之间。其次,适当的增加铁和硼铁的含量有利于烧结的致密化。     

STUDY OF INITIAL STAGE SINTERING OF NANOCRYSTALLINE α-Al_2O_3 POWDER BY ISOTHERMAL METHOD

采用恒温烧结方式在９００－１２００℃范围内研究了粒径为１０ｎｍ、团聚体强度分别为７６和２３４ＭＰａ的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳米粉初期烧结致密化过程,结果表明,两种粉体在烧结初期阶段均受晶界扩散控制,其晶界扩散激活能分别为３５４和４８１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,并对α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３纳主粉在实验温度范围内的晶界扩散系数进行了估算。     

正挤压-扭转变形镁合金的组织热稳定性

将AZ31镁合金经过FETD工艺后在150~500℃之间进行退火处理,进行微观组织的热稳定性分析,研究晶粒在不同退火温度下的长大行为,计算出不同温度范围段的晶粒长大激活能。结果表明:平均晶粒尺寸随退火温度的增加而增加,晶粒尺寸最大达13.56μm;晶粒长大的激活能随着温度增加,在中温区间(300~400℃)反而减小,在高温区间(400~500℃)激活能达到最大值为86.07 k J/mol。     

SPS制备多级孔结构钨骨架压缩性能及致密化行为研究

以粒径分布为15～106μm多孔球形团聚W粉为原料,采用放电等离子体烧结(SPS)在不同烧结温度(1450、1500、1550℃),轴向恒压40 MPa,保温5 min下分别制备出高强度(347.8±10.6 MPa、407.4±14.2 MPa、543.9±8.7 MPa)、多级孔结构(3～10μm/200～500 nm)W骨架。结合XRD、SEM、万能试验机等检测技术,对SPS烧结过程中粉末致密化行为、显微组织变化及力学性能进行了系统研究。结果表明:SPS可制得烧结前后物相无明显变化、孔隙率介于30%～40%、烧结颈发育完全多级孔结构钨骨架。该多级孔W骨架SPS烧结致密化过程可分为4个阶段,第1阶段为升压阶段,烧结试样相对密度随压力升高而迅速升高;第2阶段为典型的颗粒重排阶段;第3阶段烧结温度高于1000℃,烧结试样相对密度随温度的升高而增加,属于典型的烧结中期;第4阶段为烧结末期,烧结体内部高温蠕变引起致密化程度进一步提高。利用高温蠕变模型研究了该多孔球形W粉的致密化机理为纯扩散致密化,通过颈长方程确定该多孔球形钨粉在整个SPS烧结过程中的致密化机理是以体积扩散为主,晶界扩散为辅。     

TB8钛合金晶粒长大行为的研究

研究了TB8钛合金冷轧板材在不同热处理温度和不同保温时间下的晶粒长大行为。结果表明:TB8钛合金冷轧板材在820~880℃的温度范围内不存在晶粒急剧粗化的现象,可以在此区间内的温度下对其进行热处理,保温时间根据温度的不同可在30~120 min范围内选择。此外,借助Beck方程和Arrhenius方程分别计算得到该合金的晶粒生长指数(n)为0.25~0.35,β晶粒长大激活能(Q)为273.23 k J/mol。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.