The effect of the electron beam welding speed on the chemical composition,structure and properties of welded joints in D16 aluminium alloy

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of electron beam welding speed in the range 20–120 m/h on the properties of welded joints in 20-mm-thick plates of D16 alloy. The distribution of magnesium in the cross section of welded joints in dependence on the welding speed was determined. The structure of the welded joints was investigated by optical and electron microscopy. The hardness in different zones of the welded joints after welding and different types of heat treatment was measured. The relationship between the chemical composition, structure and mechanical properties of the welded joints produced at different welding speeds was determined.     

Pressure welding of dissimilar creep-resisting alloys and simulation of the effect of the geometrical parameters of the specimen on the localisation of plastic deformation in the pressure welding zone

Computer modelling is used to investigate the possibilities of increasing the quality of welded joints in pressure welding of dissimilar creep-resisting materials in the presence of a relief on one of the welded surfaces. It is shown that the quality of welded joints depends on the geometrical parameters of the welded specimen.     

Application of the local approach to the fatigue assessment for welded joints

The fatigue behavior of welded structures is currently determined by means of recommendations defined in terms of S-N curve corresponding to the detail classes of welded joints without taking account of the actual geometry of the weld. A new fatigue strength assessment method based on Dang Van multiaxial fatigue limit criterion was introduced, which is named the local approach and presented by lnstitut de Soudure recently. The local approach has advantages in taking welding residual stresses and the geometry of the weld toe and weld root into consideration. The application of the local approach to the fatigue strength assessment of low carbon steel Q235B welded joints was studied. The fatigue tests and finite element analysis results show that the local approach parameters recommended by lnstitut de Soudure were incorrectly for low carbon steel Q235B welded joints. With aluminum alloy welded joints being used widely, the parameters of the local approach used for aluminum alloy welded joints were obtained and verified on bases of the fatigue tests and finite element analysis.     

铜/钢异种材料摩擦焊接头强度的超声波检测

为了对异种材料摩擦焊接头质量的评价方法进行研究,采用超声波C扫描对不同加工工艺的铜/钢摩擦焊接头进行检测,然后对接头的微剪切强度进行测定。通过研究C扫描结果与接头微剪切强度的关系,发现C扫描结果可以反映接头力学性能的优劣,进而对整个接头质量进行评价。     

2219高强铝合金焊接接头的腐蚀性能

采用浸泡试验、极化曲线以及电化学阻抗测试,对2219高强铝合金母材和焊接接头在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀性能进行研究。浸泡后试样的显微形貌表明,试样中铜元素的分布及存在形态与其腐蚀性能密切相关;极化曲线表明,在电化学腐蚀过程中,搅拌摩擦焊接头的腐蚀电流最小,电子束焊接接头次之,而钨极氩弧焊接头的腐蚀电流最大;电化学阻抗测试表明,腐蚀过程中体系阻抗值由大到小顺序为搅拌摩擦焊的接头,电子束焊的接头,母材,钨极氩弧焊的接头。     

Effect of the electron beam welding conditions on the structure and mechanical properties of welded joints in an austenitic steel with bronzes in the manufacture of power engineering structures

Investigations were carried out into the production of combined welded joints in 316L(N) austenitic steel and BrKh1Tsr (CuCrZr) and CuAl10Ni5Fe4 bronzes 30 mm thick by electron beam welding (EBW). The formation of the welded joints in dissimilar materials is investigated and the EBW conditions determined. The microstructure, mechanic properties and chemical composition of the welded joints are also determined. It is shown possible to obtain the mechanical properties of welded joints similar to the properties of the parent bronze by weldbrazing. It is therefore necessary to increase the accuracy and stability of the electron beam parameters as a technological tool.     

Predicting electron beam welding conditions in the manufacture of multi-seam structures

The problem of producing multi-seam components by electron beam welding is investigated. It is shown that if the variation of temperature after welding the first joints is not taken into account and subsequent welded joints are produced in the same conditions, the depth of penetration increases. This has been confirmed by experimental results. To ensure the same depth of penetration in producing several welded joints in the same component, the second and subsequent welded joints should be produced in the corrected conditions after equalizing the temperature throughout the entire volume of the component. A method is proposed for calculating the electron beam welding conditions of consecutively produced welded joints and the holding time of the component to ensure equalization of temperature.     

Fatigue property comparison of TIG welded joints of magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy

The fatigue properties of the TIG welded joints of both AZ31B magnesium alloy and 5A06 aluminum alloy were investigated.The four types of welded joints were used in fatigue tests,such as butt joints,transverse cross joints,fillet joints and lateral connecting joints.The fatigue strengths at 2×10~6 cycles of the four welded joints of AZ31B magnesium alloy are 39.0 MPa,24.4 MPa,32.1 MPa and 24.2 MPa,which are 55.0%,42.2%,78.0% and 50.2% of that of 5A06 aluminum alloy,respectively.The fatigue strength levels at slope m=3 of the aluminum alloy's welded joints are mostly higher than the FAT recommended by the International Institute of Welding (IIW),while those of the magnesium alloy's welded joints are all lower than the FAT.It is indicated that the FAT of magnesium alloy's welded joints should be established as early as possible in order to be applied in the design of magnesium alloy's welded structures.     

焊接接头表面改性的研究进展

概述了高能喷丸、表面机械研磨处理、超音速微粒轰击、超声冲击、激光冲击改性等表面改性方法的基本原理,重点分析了其对不同材料焊接接头表面进行改性的效果。这些改性方法可以细化焊接接头表面的晶粒,甚至使晶粒尺寸达到纳米级;提高焊接接头表面的显微硬度,从而提高焊接构件的强度;消除接头处的残余拉应力,使拉应力转变为残余压应力,从而抑制焊接接头裂纹源的产生,提高焊接接头的抗疲劳断裂能力,进一步提高焊接构件的寿命。了解了现有表面改性处理方法应用的领域范围及其优缺点,并对焊接接头表面改性处理方法的发展及研究方向进行了展望。     

Welding austenitic steel to copper with the defocused radiation of a fibre laser

Special features of producing butt welded joints between 12Cr18Ni10Ti austenitic steel and M1 copper by laser welding are investigated. Welding was carried out without filler or intermediate material. The defocused beam of the fibre laser, displaced to the austenitic steel, was used. The welded joints in dissimilar materials produced in the selected conditions were without defects and their strength was comparable with the M1 copper parent metal. The tensile tests and hardness measurements were carried out on the resultant welded joints. The microstructure of the welded joints was investigated and the transition zone was examined by chemical analysis.     

基于局部应变法的焊接微区低周疲劳性能

针对忽略焊接力学不均匀性的名义应变法评价焊接接头低周疲劳性能不准确的问题,提出一种考虑焊接接头力学不均匀性、基于弹塑性有限元计算的局部应变法,对焊接接头的低周疲劳性能进行准确评价.通过耐热钢电弧焊接头光滑试样和焊缝光滑试样的低周疲劳试验,以及焊接接头光滑试样在加载过程中的弹塑性有限元计算,采用名义应变法和局部应变法分别对耐热钢电弧焊接头光滑试样进行低周疲劳性能评价.结果表明,耐热钢电弧焊接头在低周疲劳载荷下断裂于焊缝区域.采用名义应变法评价该焊接接头时,结果偏保守.由于局部应变法考虑了焊接接头的力学不均匀性,基于断裂微区的局部应变进行疲劳性能评价,发现采用局部应变法得到的焊接接头应变—寿命曲线与断裂微区焊缝的应变—寿命曲线一致.     

Relationship between microstructures and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded joint of spring steel

0IntroductionSpring steel(65Mn,60Si2Mn) has a high carbon e-quivalent (Ceq≈0.9) and strong hardening capacity. Inresistance spot welding process, the cooling rate of nuggetand heat-affected zone is quite rapid (about 104 -105℃/ s),and martensite which has high hardness forms atthe spot welded joint. Martensite structure, which is hardand brittle, makes mechanical properties of the resistancespot welded joint of spring steels greatly decline. There-fore, the weldability of resistance spot w…     

Effect of deviations of the chemical composition of high-strength steel and electrode wire on the mechanical properties of narrow-gap welded joints

Because of large allowances for the content of alloying elements, the initial chemical composition of welded metal and electrode wires is one of the reasons for the instability of the mechanical properties of welded joints in high-strength steels. Analysis using interpolation models is carried out to determine the dependence of the change of the mechanical properties of welded joints on the cooling time in the polymorphous transformation temperature range 850–500 °C. The experimental results show that the initial instability of the chemical composition of the welded joint has the strongest effect on the impact toughness of the welded joint at a cooling time shorter than 5 s. The instability of mechanical properties of welded joints, determined by variations of the chemical composition of the parent and electrode metals, even in optimum welding conditions is estimated by an error of 815%.     

Effect of the conditions of the welding thermal cycle on the structure and properties of weld metal in titanium alloys

The results of investigations of the effect of the welding thermal cycle on the structure and properties of welded joints VT20 titanium alloy are presented. It is shown that the removal of capillary-condensed moisture from the surface of the welded components and degassing of the weld pool prevent the formation of pores and result in a large reduction of the mechanical properties of welded joints.     

同/异种合金焊接接头旋压成形研究现状及展望

针对同/异种合金焊接接头的旋压成形是制造航空航天零件的重要加工方式,主要综述了近年来国内外同/异种合金焊接接头旋压成形的研究进展,总结了同种合金焊接接头的旋压成形的工艺过程和微观组织演化规律,探究了不同工艺参数条件对成形的影响.结果表明:对于同种合金,先焊接后旋压有助于降低焊接接头组织的不均匀性,在一定程度上提高焊接接...     

Special features of the formation of electron beam welded joints in pressed strips of a high-strength aluminium alloy of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system

The special features of electron beam welding of pressed strips of the V-1963-strength aluminium alloy of the Al–Zn–Mg–Cu system with a thickness of 40 mm are investigated. The results of tests of the welded joints in static tensile loading, bending, and impact toughness of the weld metal are presented. It is shown that the strength of the welded joints equals 0.7–0.8 of the strength of the parent material. The results of investigations of the macro- and microstructure of the welded joints are generalized and it is shown that the welded joints are characterized by the formation of an equiaxed fine-grained structure with the grain size of 5–10 μm.     

Formation of the substructure and crystallography of welded joints in tungsten single crystals

The authors describe the experimental results for the structure, crystallography and properties of welded joints produced by electron beam welding with the speed of 5 to 95 m/h in single crystal tungsten plates with the orientation {100} 〈100〉 and {100} 〈110〉. The results show that welding can be used to produce welded joints in which the density of the dislocations in the weld metal and the misorientation angle at the sub-boundaries do not exceed the values permissible for the single crystals. The dependence of the mechanical properties of the metal of the welded joints on the welding conditions and the resultant structure and crystallography of the welded joints is determined.     

Use of explosives in the reduction of residual stresses in the heated zone of welded joints

In this paper, the effect of explosive charges as a method of reducing the residual stresses in the heated zone of welded joints was studied. A comparative analysis was made of two geometries of the explosive charge applied on welded joints, linear and sinusoidal. The comparative results obtained before and after the explosive treatment demonstrate its effectiveness through the reduction of the residual stresses. Residual stress reduction ranged in the order of 50 and 60%, confirming that explosive treatment offers a viable solution for extending the life of the welded joints.     

Improving the fatigue performance of longitudinal welded joints by low transformation temperature electrodes

0　IntroductionAfatigueisoneofthemainfailurescausesofweldedstructures.Manyexperimentshaveshownthatfatiguestrengthsofweldedjointsaremuchlowerthanthoseofbasemetal.Thefatiguecrackmainlyinitiatesatweldtoe ,becausetherearetensileresidualstressesandstressconcentrationinthisregion ,sothatthefatiguestrengthcanbeincreasedbybothmodifyingstressdistributionatweldtoeanddecreasingstressconcentration .Therearemanymethodstoimprovethefatiguestrengthsofweldedjoints[1,2 ] ,forexample ,TIGdress ing,hammerpeenin…     

Numerical and experimental study of the microstructural evolution and the properties of joints welded on rebars using the GMAW process

This paper is a study of CA-50 rebars from SAE steel grade 1026. This study was carried out in order to improve the control of the mechanical properties of welded joints. Knowing certain variables are very important when it comes to finding the ideal welding parameters and the respective microstructural results, and consequently for the mechanical properties of welded joints. In order to carry out this study, a study of the material as received was carried out in order to establish a solid basis for comparison. The material was welded using argon as the shielding gas with 20% carbon dioxide. The wire used was copper-covered ER70S-6, and the welded joints were lap joints. The temperature was monitored using thermocouples for two different heat inputs. A numerical computer code was developed to simulate the phenomena that occur during the process (temperature gradient, phase transformations and heat transfer). The welded joints did not introduce martensite as a brittle phase, the weld metal had a dendritic structure, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) had two different zones with different grain sizes. All of this was due to the temperature gradient, which also led to different characteristics in the weld bead, HAZ, phases formed and different grain sizes.