La0.67Sr0.33Co1-xFexO3体系的输运行为

研究了Co位Fe掺杂对La0.67Sr0.33Co1-xFexO3体系的电输运性质和巨磁效应的影响.结果表明:电阻率在低掺杂(x≤0.1)时显示金属性输运行为,而在高掺杂(x=0.2,0.3)时则显示半导体行为.而且,Fe掺杂削弱了Tc处的MR峰值,但增加了低温下T≤Tc的MR值.La0.67Sr0.33Co1-xFexO3体系的磁电阻的起源可由外加磁场导致的自旋态转变来解释.     

Co影响Ni-Mn-Ga合金马氏体相变的第一性原理分析

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一原理平面波赝势法,研究了掺杂Co元素对Ni-Mn-Ga磁性形状记忆合金的能态密度分布的影响规律,阐明了Co对马氏体相变作用机理.研究表明,随Co含量增加,更多的Co3d-Mn3d杂化取代了Ni3d-Mn3d杂化,使母相稳定性提高,马氏体相变温度降低.Co的加入对Ni-Mn-Ga-Co母相的自旋向上能态密度几乎没有影响,但明显改变自旋向下能态密度.     

304奥氏体不锈钢冷拔过程中局部磁性形成机理

将有磁试样与无磁试样进行合金成分对比,用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜及X射线衍射仪对两种试样的显微组织、局部化学成分、物相组成等进行了分析,研究304奥氏体不锈钢冷拔过程中出现局部磁性的形成机理。结果表明,有磁试样化学成分中的Mn含量偏高而Ni含量偏低。冷拔过程中有磁试样的显微组织横向与纵向晶粒尺寸均小于无磁试样。有磁试样夹杂物中存在O、Al元素,且氧化物夹杂对局部磁性无影响。有磁试样的物相中α'-bcc马氏体的体积分数比无磁试样高7.98%。304奥氏体不锈钢的合金成分异常,造成奥氏体处于亚稳态;冷拔过程中晶格变形作用和位错增值引起马氏体相变,在材料中形成的应力集中使得马氏体转变量增大,当马氏体相含量超过临界值,出现局部磁性。     

Ga-Mn-Ni-Co磁驱动形状记忆合金的组织结构与相变

研究了Co掺杂对Ga2 MnNi磁性记忆合金马氏体相变行为、显微组织结构以及磁性能等的影响.结果表明:Co含量对Ga50 Mn25 Ni25xCox系列合金马氏体相变温度和晶格常数具有明显影响.Co原子数分数小于0.5％时,随着Co含量的增加,马氏体相变温度无显著变化,当Co原子数分数大于0.5％时,马氏体相变温度下降...     

Co-C颗粒膜的结构、磁性能和GMR效应研究

采用直流磁控溅射技术,在n-Si(100)衬底上制备了Cox C100-x(x=2.5～50,at%)颗粒膜,并对薄膜的结构、形貌、磁性能和巨磁电阻(GMR)效应做了系统的研究。结果表明:制备态的Co-C薄膜为非晶结构,且表面光滑、颗粒尺寸及膜厚度均匀;随热处理温度的增加,Co成分在300℃逐渐开始晶化,400℃基本晶化完全,500℃度的时候膜层开始出现裂纹;拉曼光谱显示制备态薄膜为类金刚石(DLC)薄膜;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,包埋在碳基薄膜中的Co掺杂纳米颗粒以单质形态存在,没有Co的碳化物出现,且Co掺杂没有促进碳膜的石墨化,Co-C纳米复合薄膜组成了一个互不相溶的金属/绝缘体体系;磁性能测试显示薄膜的饱和磁化强度(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)与Co的含量和颗粒的晶化程度有密切关系;磁电阻测量结果表明Co2.5C97.5薄膜具有高达36%的正GMR效应,GMR效应遵循输运通道的转变机制。     

淀粉包覆纳米银粒子的简易合成及其抗菌性能

采用直流磁控溅射技术,在n-Si (100)衬底上制备了CoxC100-x(x=2.5～50,at％)颗粒膜,并对薄膜的结构、形貌、磁性能和巨磁电阻(GMR)效应做了系统的研究.结果表明:制备态的Co-C薄膜为非晶结构,且表面光滑、颗粒尺寸及膜厚度均匀;随热处理温度的增加,Co成分在300℃逐渐开始晶化,400℃基本晶化完全,500℃度的时候膜层开始出现裂纹;拉曼光谱显示制备态薄膜为类金刚石(DLC)薄膜;X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析表明,包埋在碳基薄膜中的Co掺杂纳米颗粒以单质形态存在,没有Co的碳化物出现,且Co掺杂没有促进碳膜的石墨化,Co-C纳米复合薄膜组成了一个互不相溶的金属/绝缘体体系;磁性能测试显示薄膜的饱和磁化强度(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)与Co的含量和颗粒的晶化程度有密切关系;磁电阻测量结果表明Co2.5C97.5薄膜具有高达36％的正GMR效应,GMR效应遵循输运通道的转变机制.     

S390粉末高速钢的深冷处理与热磁分析

采用综合物理测试系统的振动样品磁强计选件(PPMS-VSM),对S390粉末高速钢进行深冷处理和回火处理时的热磁测量。结果表明,钢淬火态3个样品的室温磁性几乎相同,反映了钢具有均匀的组织;不论深冷处理与否,3次回火后样品中残余奥氏体向马氏体的转变量几乎相当,粉末高速钢样品的磁性接近均约158.5(A·m2)·kg-1。增加深冷处理工序,改变了残余奥氏体向马氏体、奥氏体中碳化物析出、马氏体中碳化物析出的进程。随后在913K回火,残余奥氏体向马氏体继续转变,钢的磁性(160.5(A·m2)·kg-1)进一步升高。     

Tm元素对SmCo_5晶体结构与磁性能的影响（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)和磁性能测试等方法,分析了Tm元素掺杂对Sm Co5晶体结构和内禀磁性能的影响。XRD测试结果表明:Sm Co5和Sm0.8Tm0.2Co5.2均为Ca Cu5结构,掺杂Tm元素后,晶格常数c值增大,而a,b与晶胞体积减小;M-T曲线测试结果表明:Sm Co5和Sm0.8Tm0.2Co5.2的居里温度分别为957和965 K;在测试外加场为7 T的条件下,300 K时Sm Co5的各向异性场HA和饱和磁化强度M7T均高于Sm0.8Tm0.2Co5.2;当温度升高至473 K,Sm Co5的HA和M7T要低于Sm0.8Tm0.2Co5.2,说明Sm Co5中进行Tm元素掺杂可以有效的改善其在高温条件下的磁性能。     

合金元素掺杂对γ-Fe磁性影响的第一性原理研究

本文采用第一性原理计算的方法研究了合金元素掺杂对γ-Fe磁性的影响。四种磁性γ-Fe的稳定性排序为:AFMDAFMNMFM。N/C在γ-Fe中的固溶会导致γ-Fe由AFMD态向FM态转变,即N/C间隙原子导致了γ-Fe晶体内局域形成铁磁性结构。置换合金元素掺杂影响了几种磁性结构γ-Fe(M)的相对能量和稳定性,较高浓度合金元素掺杂会导致γ-Fe(M)稳定的磁性结构的改变或局域内会存在亚稳定磁性结构。     

Tm元素对SmCo_5晶体结构与磁性能的影响（英文）

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)和磁性能测试等方法,分析了Tm元素掺杂对Sm Co5晶体结构和内禀磁性能的影响。XRD测试结果表明:Sm Co5和Sm0.8Tm0.2Co5.2均为Ca Cu5结构,掺杂Tm元素后,晶格常数c值增大,而a,b与晶胞体积减小;M-T曲线测试结果表明:Sm Co5和Sm0.8Tm0.2Co5.2的居里温度分别为957和965 K;在测试外加场为7 T的条件下,300 K时Sm Co5的各向异性场HA和饱和磁化强度M7T均高于Sm0.8Tm0.2Co5.2;当温度升高至473 K,Sm Co5的HA和M7T要低于Sm0.8Tm0.2Co5.2,说明Sm Co5中进行Tm元素掺杂可以有效的改善其在高温条件下的磁性能。     

Effect of Co addition on martensitic phase transformation and magnetic properties of Mn50Ni40-xIn10Cox polycrystalline alloys

This study investigated the use of Co to enhance the magnetic driving force for inducing the martensitic transformation of Mn₅₀Ni_40-xIn₁₀Co_x alloys. These alloys present a martensitic transformation from a Hg₂CuTi-type austenite to a body centered tetragonal martensite, with a large lattice distortion of 15.7% elongation along the c direction and 8.2% contraction along a and b directions. The martensitic transformation temperatures, transformation enthalpy and entropy changes decreased with increasing the Co content in these alloys. The maximum magnetization of the austenite increased significantly, whereas that of the martensite changed much less prominently with increasing the Co substitution for Ni, leading to increase of the magnetic driving force for the transformation. The magnetization increase of the austenite is found to be due to (i) formation of ferromagnetically coupled Mn–Mn due to new atomic configuration in off-stoichiometric composition, (ii) magnetic moment contribution of Co and (iii) widening of the temperature window for magnetization of the austenite by lowering the temperature of the martensitic transformation. These findings clarify the effect of Co addition on martensitic transformation and magnetic properties in Mn-rich ferromagnetic shape memory alloys, and provide useful understanding for alloy design for magnetoactuation applications.     

Crystal structural transformation accompanied by magnetic transition in MnCo1−xFexGe alloys

The effects of Fe-doping on the crystal structure and martensitic transformation (MT) temperature in MnCoGe alloy have been investigated by using x-ray diffraction, calorimetry and magnetic measurements. Substitution of Fe for Co atoms can stabilize the parent phase and significantly lower the MT temperature of the MnCoGe alloy. By tuning the Fe content, the magnetostructural transition from paramagnetic parent phase (i.e. austenite) with a Ni₂In-type hexagonal structure to ferromagnetic TiNiSi-type martensite can be realized in a temperature window determined by the Curie temperature of the austenite and that of the martensite. A large difference in magnetization between the austenite and martensite, accompanied by the magnetostructural coupling, gives rise to the magnetic-field-induced temperature shift of MT, which makes the MnCo_1−xFe_xGe alloys being a new kind of potential magnetic functional materials used as the magnetic-field-driven actuator or magnetic refrigeration material.     

Martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of Ti-doped NiCoMnSn shape memory alloy

Martensitic transformation, microstructure, and magnetic properties of Ti-doped Ni43-xTixCo7Mn43Sn7（at%）（x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0） shape memory alloys were investigated. The results show that transformation temperatures of Ni43Co7Mn43Sn7 can be efficiently adjusted by the substitution of Ti for Ni. For example, the martensitic transformation starting temperature（Ms） is reduced by about 278 K with 4 at% addition of Ti. Room temperature microstructure evolves from single tetragonal martensite for the Ti-free alloy to dual phases（tetragonal martensite ＋ second phase） with 0.5 at%, 1.0 at%, and2.0 at% addition of Ti to dual phases（cubic austenite ＋ second phase） for 4.0 at% Ti-doped alloy. The mechanical properties can be obviously improved by adding an appropriate amount of Ti. A noteworthy point is that magnetic-field-induced reverse transformation is observed in Ni39Ti4Co7Mn43Sn7 alloy.     

非水体系中电沉积稀土永磁功能合金膜

研究在尿素-NaBr-KBr-甲酰胺体系中电沉积稀土-铁系金属（La-Co）合金.用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察金属镧钴合金镀层表面形貌,结果表明,金属镧钴合金镀层较疏松,有裂纹,呈现银灰色;X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明稀土金属镧钴合金为LaCo5晶体;特征X射线谱（EDS）证明镀层由金属镧、金属钴和极少量的氧化物、氯、溴组成,单质镧的含量为29.07wt%,单质钴的含量为63.51wt%;La和Co的原子数比值约为1：5;X射线光电子能谱（XPS）经Ar离子对样品表面层溅射后,测定结果进一步证明,沉积层确为单质镧和单质钴.着重研究了La-Co合金的磁性,发现在室温下呈现顺磁性的La,当与Co形成合金后饱和磁矩接近于磁性金属Co.     

Complex magnetic and microstructural investigation of duplex stainless steel

Heat treatment induced microstructural processes were studied by different non-destructive magnetic methods in the present work. A commercial SAF 2507 type superduplex stainless steel was investigated. This alloy contains about 40% ferrite and 60% austenite phases in its initial condition. The ferrite phase is not stable, therefore it can decompose to sigma phase and secondary austenite due to heat treatment. All the mechanical, corrosion resistance and magnetic properties are strongly influenced by the microstructural changes. This study had two aims: to understand better the kinetics of the ferrite decomposition process and to study the application possibilities of the applied magnetic measurements. The results, which were supported by electronmicroscopic method (electron back scattered diffraction, EBSD), help us to understand better the microstructural changes in duplex stainless steels caused by heat treatment.     

大块非晶Nd_(60)Fe_(20)Co_(10)Al_(10)合金在晶化过程中磁粘滞行为的研究

通过铜模吸铸法制备出了Nd_(60)Fe_(20)Co_(10)Al_(10)大块非晶合金,研究了该合金在晶化过程中的结构与磁性能,并利用等待时间法研究了其在晶化过程中的磁粘滞行为,结果表明:在453~783 K温度退火时,合金的磁性能变化不大。当退火温度高于783 K时,合金的剩余磁化强度(M_r)、饱和磁化强度(M_s)和矫顽力(_iH_c)的值均急剧降低,在803K退火后,合金完全晶化,铁磁性消失。当合金在703和753 K退火后,合金的激活体积v_a和激活直径Da的数值变化不大,而合金的扰动场H_f则呈现先上升后下降的现象,并且在703 K时达到最大值,这是因为703 K样品中存在的亚稳相造成了扰动场的增加。此外,还讨论了这些微观磁性参数与合金宏观磁性能的关联性。     

稀土钐钴永磁功能合金膜的电沉积制备及磁学性能

在尿素-NaBr-KBr-甲酰胺体系中电沉积制备稀土-铁系金属（Sm-Co）合金,研究沉积液中主盐浓度配比、电流密度等工艺参数对沉积膜的形貌及合金含量的影响。用扫描电镜（SEM）观察金属Sm-Co合金沉积膜表面形貌,结果表明,金属Sm-Co合金沉积膜较平整均匀,呈现银灰色;X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明稀土金属Sm-Co合金为SmCo5六方晶体;特征X射线谱（EDS）证明沉积膜由金属Sm、金属Co和极少量的O、C组成,单质Sm的含量（质量分数）为29.07%,单质Co含量为63.51%;Sm与Co的摩尔比约为1：5;经Ar离子对样品表面层溅射后,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）测定结果进一步证明,沉积层为单质Sm和单质Co。并研究了Sm-Co合金的磁学性能,如矫顽力、磁矩及最大磁能积。用聚乙烯醇保护膜涂附可以防止稀土合金氧化。     

Influence of heat treatment on the structure and magnetic properties of amorphous Co–Ni–Fe–Cr–Si–B alloy and its thermal stability

The causes of changes in the magnetic properties of an amorphous Co–Ni–Fe–Cr–Si–B alloy obtained by melt spinning in the form of a thin ribbon subjected to heat treatment and subsequent action of temperatures corresponding to various conditions of its exploitation have been analyzed. We have established the regimes of heat treatment that provide for the highest values of the maximum magnetic permeability of the alloy and the shielding factor of a magnetic shield made from the alloy. We have analyzed changes in the magnetic properties, shielding properties, and total magnetization distribution in an alloy ribbon at a temperature well below the crystallization temperature. We have found the temperature ranges that determine the practical application of this alloy.     

Effect of ageing on the structural and magnetic transformations and the related entropy change in a Ni–Co–Mn–Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy

The effect of thermal treatments on the structural and magnetic transitions in a Ni₄₂Co₈Mn₃₂Ga₁₈ alloy has been studied. The selected composition shows coincidental Curie temperature of the parent phase and martensitic transformation to paramagnetic martensite, thus leading to enhanced magnetization difference between austenite and martensite. Quenching raises the martensitic transformation temperatures, which decrease upon post-quench ageing although an increase is observed for prolonged ageing time. This behaviour is mostly attributed to quenched-in atomic order and its improvement during ageing, the final increase being imputed to a process of elimination of defects occurring at the same time than ordering or to an early stage of precipitation. As the austenite Curie temperature increases with ageing, the structural and magnetic transitions shift in a different way modifying their relative position. On its turn, the transformation entropy change decreases with increasing ageing time, and its evolution can be correlated with the different magnetic order of the austenite when it undergoes the martensitic transformation, as it is modified by ageing.     

Effect of carbon on the coefficient of thermal expansion of as-cast Fe−30wt.%Ni−12.5wt.%Co−×C invar alloys

The segregation (distribution) of nickel and the composition of its constituents influence the low thermal expansion characteristics (Invar effect) in Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5wt.% Co?×C Invar alloy. The change of coefficient of the thermal expansion and magnetic properties were studied as an aspect of carbon addition causing the segregation of Ni in primary austenite of as-cast Fe?30wt.% Ni?12.5wt.% Co Invar alloy. The coefficient of thermal expansion of Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C Invar alloy showed its lowest value at 0.08 wt.% carbon, increased with increasing carbon content in the range of 0.08–1.0 wt.%C, kept constant at 1.0–2.0 wt.%C and decreased at carbon higher than 2.0 wt.%. The effective distribution of the coefficient of nickel in as-cast Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C Invar alloy increased with increasing carbon content. The volume fraction of the γ phase of Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C alloy increased with increasing carbon content. The microstructure of Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C alloy changed with the carbon content was independent of the coefficient of thermal expansion. The Curie temperature changed linearly with the carbon content and was similar to the change of the coefficient of thermal expansion. Moreover, the coefficient of thermal expansion decreased when the ratio of saturation magnetization to Curie temperature (σ_s/T_c) increased, decreasing the Curie temperature and showed a specific relationship with the magnetic properties of the Fe?30 wt.% Ni?12.5 wt.% Co?×C Invar alloy.