二次加热过程中半固态AZ31镁合金的显微组织演变

利用波浪形倾斜板振动技术制备AZ31镁合金半固态坯料,获得较为理想的球形或近球形晶粒组织。结果表明:随二次加热温度的升高和保温时间的延长,半固态组织中的液相体积分数增大,固相逐渐长大并球化;AZ31镁合金580℃和610℃时二次加热组织均不适合半固态触变成形;适合触变成形的二次加热最优工艺为590℃保温40～60 min、或者600℃保温30 min;此条件下获得的平均晶粒直径为58～61μm,固相率为87%(体积分数)左右。晶格扩散机制对二次加热原子扩散起主导作用,是造成合金固相颗粒尺寸变化的根本原因;固液界面张力是造成颗粒形状球形或近球形变化的重要原因。     

Low-temperature heat conduction characteristics of diamond/Cu composite by pressure infiltration method

In this paper,diamond/CuCr and diamond/CuB composites were prepared using the pressure infiltration method.The physical property measurement system(PPMS)was adopted to evaluate the thermal conductivity of diamond/Cu and MoCu composites within the range of100–350 K,and a scanning electron microscope(SEM)was utilized to analyze the microstructure and fracture appearance of the materials.The research indicates that the thermal conductivity of diamond/Cu composite within the range of100–350 K is 2.5–3.0 times that of the existing MoCu material,and the low-temperature thermal conductivity of diamond/Cu composite presents an exponential relationship with the temperature.If B element was added to a Cu matrix and a low-temperature binder was used for prefabricated elements,favorable interfacial adhesion,relatively high interfacial thermal conductivity,and favorable low-temperature heat conduction characteristics would be apparent.     

添加SiC对不同尺寸AZ91D镁合金坯料半固态组织的影响

AZ91D镁合金经重熔加入0.3%(质量分数)SiC细化后浇注成不同尺寸(直径)的锭料。研究SiC对不同尺寸AZ91D镁合金坯料半固态等温热处理组织的影响。结果表明:未经SiC细化处理AZ91D镁合金的半固态组织存在明显的尺寸效应,从心部到边缘,固相颗粒尺寸由大逐渐变小,如d70mm试样内的固相颗粒尺寸从心部的150μm变为边缘的110μm,并趋于圆整,液相逐渐增多;随着坯料尺寸的增加,由心部到边缘的组织差异进一步加大。SiC细化的AZ91D镁合金坯料经半固态等温热处理后,其组织中的固相颗粒尺寸整体变得细小,d70mm试样内的固相颗粒均不大于80μm,边缘和心部的固相颗粒尺寸变得很相近,在70μm与80μm之间,球化圆整且分布均匀;经SiC处理的半固态压铸件中,气孔等缺陷明显减少。     

6061铝合金半固态坯料二次加热工艺及组织演变

针对近液相线半连续铸造技术制备的6061铝合金半固态坯料,在不同加热温度及保温时间下进行二次加热,采用光学显微镜及图像分析仪考察试样的微观形貌及尺寸特征,结合差热分析的方法研究加热过程中的液相形成、组织演变及晶粒长大过程。结果表明,二次加热温度及保温时间共同影响着微观组织演变过程,随着加热温度升高及保温时间延长,晶粒逐渐球化并长大。加热温度越高,组织演变速度越快;保温时间越长,晶粒球化并长大越明显。有效地控制二次加热温度及保温时间,能够获得均匀、圆整且相对细小的半固态组织。     

ZrSiO4 Oxidation Protective Coating for SiC-Coated Carbon/Carbon Composites Prepared by Supersonic Plasma Spraying

To protect carbon/carbon (C/C) composites against oxidation, ZrSiO₄ oxidation protective coating was prepared on SiC-coated C/C composites by supersonic plasma spraying. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the phase and microstructure of the coating. The results show that the as-prepared ZrSiO₄ coating is continuous and well bonded with the SiC inner layer without penetrating crack, which exhibits good oxidation-resistant properties. After oxidation at 1773 K in air for 97 h and nine thermal shock cycles between 1773 K and room temperature, the weight loss of the coated C/C composites was only 0.08%. The excellent oxidation-resistant properties of the coating were attributed to its dense structure and the formation of the stable ZrO₂-SiO₂ glassy mixture on the surface of ZrSiO₄ coating.     

熔体浇注温度和板倾斜度对倾斜板制备A356铝合金的凝固和显微组织的影响(英文)

采用倾斜板制备A356铝合金半固态浆料。通过倾斜板底部的逆流水冷却使A356合金熔体在流下倾斜板时发生局部凝固,从而导致在板壁上形成连续柱状枝晶。由于强制对流作用,这些树枝晶被折断成等轴和破碎的晶粒,然后被连续冲洗而在斜板出口形成半固态浆料。熔体浇注温度是影响凝固组织的重要条件,而倾斜度为优质半固态浆料提供必要的剪切作用。将得到的浆料在金属模具中凝固以制备理想显微组织的半固态铸造坯料。然后,通过热处理以提高半固态铸造坯料的表面质量。对半固态铸造和热处理后坯料的显微组织进行分析。研究熔体浇注温度(620,625,630和635°C)和板倾斜度(30°,45°,60°和75°)对斜板制备A356铝合金的凝固和显微组织的影响。结果表明:在625°C的熔体浇注温度和60°斜板倾角时,A356铝合金具有细小和球状的晶粒,是最佳的显微组织。     

Effect of Steam Activation on Development of Light Weight Biomorphic Porous SiC from Pine Wood Precursor

Biomorphic SiC materials with tailor-made microstructure and properties similar to ceramic materials manufactured by conventional method are a new class of materials derived from natural biopolymeric cellulose templates (wood). Porous silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics with wood-like microstructure have been prepared by carbothermal reduction of charcoal/silica composites at 1300-1600 °C in inert Ar atmosphere. The C/SiO₂ composites were fabricated by infiltrating silica sol into porous activated biocarbon template. Silica in the charcoal/silica composite, preferentially in the cellular pores, was found to get transformed in forms of fibers and rods due to shrinkage during drying. The changes in the morphology of resulting porous SiC ceramics after heat treatment to 1600 °C, as well as the conversion mechanism of wood to activated carbon and then to porous SiC ceramic have been investigated using scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Activation of carbon prior to silica infiltration has been found to enhance conversion of charcoal to SiC. The pore structure is found to be uniform in these materials than in those made from as-such charcoal/silica composites. This provides a low-cost and eco-friendly route to advanced ceramic materials, with near-net shape potential.     

Effect of original microstructures on microstructural evolution of A2017 semi-solid alloy billets during reheating

The microstructural evolution of the A2017 semi-solid alloy billets provided with rheocasting and extruding/extending forming by shearing-cooling-rolling(SCR) technology during reheating in semi-solid state was investigated. The microstructural differences and their generation causes for both billets were also analyzed. The results show that during reheating, the grains of rheocasting billets grow up and spheroidize gradually with the prolongation of isothermal holding time, the eutectic liquid phase at low melting point forms mainly among the grains. However, the grains of the extruding/extending forming billets grow up abnormally through grain coalescence in the initial stage of the reheating, the entrapment of large amount of liquid within grains occurs, and the grain sizes in the reheating billets are coarse and inhomogeneous. Compared with extruding/extending forming billets, rheocasting billets have smaller and uniform grains in reheating microstructure and can rapidly form liquid phase among grains. Therefore, rheocasting billets are more suitable for the semi-solid forming than the extruding/extending forming billets.     

Microstructure evolution during reheating of extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy into semisolid state

The microstructure evolution of an extruded Mg-8.57Gd-3.72Y-0.54Zr (mass fraction, %, GW94) alloy during reheating into the semisolid state was investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Typical semisolid microstructure with globular solid particles distributed in the liquid matrix is obtained over 600 °C. The solid content of (Gd+Y) in the primary a-Mg particles decreases with increasing the semisolid temperature. With the prolongation of isothermal holding time, the liquid fraction does not change significantly, while the grains grow up and spheroidize. Three methods used to determine the liquid fraction as a function of temperature, namely quantitative metallography on quenched microstructures, cooling curve thermal analysis, and thermodynamic calculations were further compared.     

Structure and thermophysical properties of aluminum-matrix composites

The microstructure and thermophysical properties of aluminum-matrix composites have been studied, in which a granulated Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy has been used as the matrix, and SiC particles taken in the amounts of 10, 20, and 30 vol % have bee used as the filler. It has been shown that, with an increase in the amount of the filler, the temperatures of the solidus and liquidus of the composites and the values of the thermal expansion coefficient and density increase, whereas the heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity decrease. The heat capacity of the composite depends on the amount of the filler: upon heating from 25 to 500°С, the heat capacity of the composite with 10 vol % SiC increases by only 16%, while that of the composite with 20 vol % SiC increases by 19%; and, at 39 vol % SiC, it increases by 36%.     

Reaction mechanism and microstructure development of strain tolerant in situ SiC–BN composites

The reaction mechanism and microstructure development of strain tolerant in situ SiC–BN composites fabricated from the in situ reaction of Si₃N₄, B₄C and C were investigated. This exothermic reaction took place at about 1400°C in an argon atmosphere according to the results of X-ray diffraction analysis and differential thermal analysis. The reaction finished after hot pressing at 1700°C for 60 min, and densification occurred mainly in the temperature range of 1700°C to 2000°C. In spite of poor sinterability of BN, composites with rather high density were obtained. Chemical composition analysis of the composites obtained showed that there was no obvious change in the composition after hot pressing. The in situ formed SiC was of the β-type with a quasi-spherical shape, whereas the in situ BN was graphitic hexagonal with a flake shape, and was located at the grain boundaries of SiC. The composite obtained showed a very fine and homogeneous microstructure. The bending strength of the composite was high, while the elastic modulus decreased substantially.     

新型半固态成形用Al-Si-Cu合金的成分设计

借助Thermo-Calc软件分析了Al-Si-Cu合金的热力学特点,结合半固态成形所需条件,提出了该系合金适合半固态成形的成分区间,并对AlSi5Cu3Mg合金半固态坯料的加热过程进行验证。结果表明,获得的半固态坯料完全满足半固态成形的组织需要。     

Microstructure of partially remelted billet of AM60 alloy prepared with self-inoculation method

The billets of AM60 alloy, prepared with self-inoculation method, were partially remelted into semisolid state. Effects of process parameters on remelting microstructure of semisolid billet were investigated. Experimental results show that the solid particles obtained with self-inoculation method are in smaller grain size and globular shape after partial remelting, compared with those prepared with other casting methods. In the optimized process conditions, the average size of solid particles of partially remelted billet is 65 μm, and the shape factor is 1.12. The process parameters, i.e. pouring temperature, addition amount of self-inoculants, and the slope angle of multi-stream mixing cooling channel have influence on the microstructure of partially remelted billet. The optimized temperature is from 680 °C to 700 °C, addition amount of self-inoculants is between 5% and 7% (mass fraction), slope angle of multi-stream mixing cooling channel is between 30° and 45°, with which the dendritic microstructure of as-cast billet can be avoided, and the size of solid particles of remelted billet is reduced.     

SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料半固态成形件组织及性能

采用机械搅拌、连铸和电磁搅拌相结合的方法制备了SiC/A356铝基复合材料的非树枝晶坯料,经过二次加热和半固态成形技术得到压铸件试样,对其组织和性能进行了分析探讨。结果表明,SiC/A356复合材料在不同状态下的组织形貌与A356对应状态下的组织形貌是相似的;复合材料的抗拉强度随着SiC含量的增加先增高后减低,其弹性模量随着SiC含量的增加而增加。     

机械合金化对W-20Cu复合材料的显微组织与性能的影响

采用机械合金化结合粉末冶金技术制备W-20Cu（vo1％）复合材料。利用扫描电镜和金相显微镜对不同球磨时间的W-20Cu复合材料显微组织进行表征，并对材料的各项物理性能进行测试。结果表明，随着球磨时间的延长，W-20Cu烧结体的组织越来越均匀，Cu相分布也越来越均匀。W-20Cu烧结体密度、收缩率、硬度、抗弯强度随球磨时间的延长而增大；球磨20h的W-20Cu复合粉烧结体热导率达到峰值（130．61Wm^-1K^-1），继续球磨，热导率减小。综合考虑所有研究结果，通过机械合金化所制备的W-Cu复合粉体可以获得具有优异综合物理性能的W-20Cu复合材料。     

C/SiC复合材料用莫来石/硅酸钇双层涂层的抗氧化性能研究

针对C/SiC复合材料的防氧化要求,在材料表面通过等离子喷涂法制备了莫来石/硅酸钇的双层涂层,对涂层的形貌、组成和结构及其与基底的结合强度进行了表征,开展了1500℃、1h静态空气氧化实验,对抗氧化涂层的结构演变进行了分析,并对C/SiC复合材料氧化实验前后的质量和力学性能变化进行了研究。结果表明,莫来石/硅酸钇双层涂层抗氧化作用较好,涂层C/SiC复合材料的强度保留率达95.3%。     

Microstructure evolution of TiB<Subscript>2</Subscript> particle-reinforced 7075 Al alloy slurry in semisolid state with different holding time

TiB₂ particle-reinforced 7075 Al alloy was synthesized to investigate the effect of TiB₂ particles on microstructure of semisolid 7075 Al alloy slurry. The mean grain size and shape factor of 3 wt% TiB₂/7075 composite could reach 92 μm and 0.64 at 630 °C for 23 min, respectively, and for 6 wt% TiB₂/7075 composite, they are 100 μm and 0.64 at 630 °C for 33 min. The microstructure evolution for TiB₂/7075 composites in semisolid state includes three-stage process. α-Al begins to nucleate and grow up into rosette grains due to a low degree of supercooling at first. Then rosette grains begin to fuse or grow up at different rates. Finally, the dissolution rate and the growth rate of α-Al reach equilibrium.     

Joining of C/C Composites and GH3128 Ni-based Superalloy with Ni-Ti Mixed Powder as an Interlayer

通过包埋工艺在C/C复合材料表面制备了改性SiC涂层.采用Ni-Ti粉末作中间层连结材料,利用真空热压扩散工艺成功制备了SiC涂层改性C/C复合材料与GH3128镍基高温合金的连接样件.借助X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪和材料万能试验机,研究了SiC涂层改性C/C复合材料与GH3128镍基高温合金连接接头及其界面的元素分布、微观结构及力学性能.结果表明,在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC涂层,不仅充分改善了C/C复合材料对Ni-Ti中间层连结材料的润湿性,而且还有效缓解C/C复合材料与GH3128连接界面因热膨胀不匹配而造成的热应力.经过SiC涂层改性处理的连接接头,其室温剪切强度可达22.49 MPa;而没有经过SiC涂层改性处理的连接接头,其室温剪切强度几乎为零.     

Anomalous reheating behavior of SiCp/Al composite with high volume fraction reinforcement

The reheating behavior of 50 vol.% SiCp/Al squeeze casting composite was investigated at temperatures ranging from 600°C to 900°C using XRD and SEM techniques from the microstructural point of view. It was found that SiCp/Al composite could hold its original shape while being reheated at temperatures elevated even far above the melting temperature of pure Al. The high volume fraction of SiC reinforcement, which would restrict the fluidity of molten Al matrix and the reconfiguration of SiC particles during the reheating of SiCp/Al composite, was thought to be responsible for the “remelting resistance” of the SiCp/Al composite. The extent of the reaction between the SiC particles and molten Al was found to increase with increased reheating temperature. From the viewpoint of controlling the formation of aluminum carbide, reheating temperature either for recycling or for remelting processing of the SiCp/Al composite, a temperature lower than 750°C would be better. Despite its being unfavorable to remelting or recycling processing, the remelting resistance of the SiCp/Al composite with high volume fraction reinforcement is attractive for thermal function and high temperature applications.     

半固态5083铝合金的二次加热组织与触变轧制

采用大挤压比热挤压预变形的SIMA法制备了5083铝合金半固态坯料,研究了在不同加热温度和保温时间条件下二次加热重熔组织的演变规律,以及不同工艺参数对一道次触变轧制后带材力学性能的影响.结果表明,在二次加热过程中,晶粒形状和液相率主要受加热温度影响,而受加热保温时间的影响不大.在一道次触变轧制中,当二次加热温度为600℃,轧制变形量为60％时,可以获得抗拉强度为260.93MPa,伸长率为26.81％的较好综合力学性能的带材.经40％变形量二次冷轧后,带材的抗拉强度提高了70MPa.结合拉伸断口的宏观和微观形貌分析,可知带材的断裂方式为微孔聚集型的韧性断裂.