粉体发泡法泡沫铝制备工艺及性能的研究

本文研究一种新的泡沫铝制备方法———粉体发泡法。其工艺原理为 :混合铝粉与一种发泡剂粉末 (TiH2 ) ,在一定温度下轴向压缩得到具有气密结构的预制品 ,加热预制品使发泡剂分解释放出气体迫使预制品膨胀得到泡沫铝。混合、压制和发泡是粉体发泡法的三个重要环节。本论文详细研究了各个工艺过程 ,确定了其在试验条件下的最佳工艺参数值。混合速度 2 5 0r/min ,混合时间大于 6h可以保证得到混合均匀的粉末混合物。压力 130～ 15 0MPa ,压制混合 40 0℃～ 45 0℃时可以得到具有气密结构的预制品。同时调整发泡工艺中的参数发泡剂用量 (1%左右 )、发泡温度 (6 0 0℃～ 72 0 0℃ )、发泡时间 (3～ 15min)可以得到不同孔结构的泡沫铝。泡沫铝的吸能能力和其压缩性能紧密相连。在其压缩应力应变曲线上有很长的一段平台区 ,显示出较大的吸能能力。其吸能能力受孔隙率的影响 ,随孔隙率呈非单调变化 ,在某一孔隙率下具有最大的吸能能力。吸能效率随应变的增加先增大后减小 ,在应变 0 .1～ 0 .3之间存在一个峰值。研究了闭孔泡沫铝的导热性能 ,结果表明泡沫铝的导热性能低于实体铝 ,其导热性能不仅与孔隙率有很大的关系 ,而且其它孔结构及其宏观结构的影响也是不容忽视的     

以ZrH_2为发泡剂的泡沫铝制备和表征

使用氢化锆为发泡剂,通过熔体发泡法制备泡沫铝并研究其影响因素。制备工艺为：添加0.6%-1.4%的发泡剂,1.5%-3.0%Ca（质量分数）作为增粘剂,发泡温度933-1013K,搅拌时间为0.5-2.5min和保温时间为1.5-4.0min。利用XRD和SEM对泡沫铝样品进行表征,测试其力学性能。结果表明,在合适的工艺参数下能制备出孔径均匀的泡沫铝,采用氢化锆为发泡剂可以制备出平均孔径为1mm左右的泡沫铝。金属间化合物和Al2O3的存在影响熔体的粘度。泡沫铝的力学性能经历线弹性区、平台区和致密化区并表现出较高的能量吸收效率。     

泡沫铝二次发泡工艺用先驱体中TiH2发泡剂的分散性

研究二次发泡泡沫铝工艺用熔体路径发泡先驱体中TiH2的分散性,包括熔体粘度测量、工艺参数对发泡剂分散性影响等。结果表明,610℃是ZLD104合金熔体粘度变化的转折点,低于610℃熔体粘度随温度的变化较大,高于610℃熔体粘度随温度的变化较小;随分散温度、搅拌速度、分散时间的提高,发泡剂分散均匀性提高,但在3 000 r/min,分散30 s的条件下,发泡剂的团聚现象仍然存在;在粘度-温度非敏感区分散发泡剂,并采用挤压使发泡先驱体致密化,以及采用3 000 r/min以上的搅拌速度分散发泡剂,可提高熔体路径发泡先驱体发泡剂均匀性。     

氢化锆熔体发泡法制备小孔径泡沫铝

以ZrH_2为发泡剂,采用熔体发泡法制备铝基小孔径泡沫铝,分析其制备过程及影响孔结构的因素;优化实验室制备泡沫铝的工艺条件;借助图形分析方法表征泡沫铝的孔径分布,并与TiH_2制备的泡沫铝进行了对比;采用改进座滴装置研究铝合金与氢化物的润湿行为.结果表明:ZrH_2较适合制备小孔径泡沫铝;优化工艺条件为:Al 650 g,增粘剂Ca 的加入量2.5%,发泡剂ZrH_2的加入量1.0%,发泡温度680 ℃,搅拌时间1.5 min,保温时间2.5 min;制备的泡沫铝孔径均匀,平均孔径小于1.5 mm;ZrH_2在铝合金中的润湿特点是导致泡沫铝孔径较小的主要原因.     

粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备与研究

利用熔体发泡法制得粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料.正交试验结果表明各影响因素对粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料孔隙率影响程度由大到小依次为:发泡时间、发泡温度和发泡剂含量.粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的最佳制备工艺参数为:发泡时间12 min,发泡温度800℃,发泡剂含量3％.准静态压缩试验表明,粉煤灰漂珠颗粒增强泡沫铝基复合材料的应力-应变曲线可分为弹性应变区、屈服平台区和致密压实区3个区域.     

偻体发泡法泡沫铝制备工艺及性能的研究

本文研究一种新的泡沫铝制备方法－粉体发泡法。其工艺原理为：混合铝粉与一种发泡剂粉末（TiH2)，在一定温度下轴向压缩得到具有气密结构的预制品，加热预吕使发泡剂分解释放出气体迫使预制品膨胀得到泡沫铝。混合、压制和发泡是粉体发泡法的三个重要环节。本论文详细研究了各个工艺过程，确定了其在试验条件下的最佳工艺参数。混合速率250r/min，混合时间大于6h可以保证得到混合均匀的粉末混合物。压力130－150MPa，压制混合400℃－450℃时可以得到具有气密结构的预制品。同时调整发泡工艺中的参数发泡剂用量（1％左右）、发泡温度（600℃－7200℃），发泡时间（3－15min)可以得到不同孔结构的泡沫铝。泡沫铝的吸能能力和其压缩性能紧密相连。在其压缩应力应变曲线上有很长的一段平台区，显示出较大的吸能能力。其吸能能力受孔隙率的影响，随孔隙率呈非单调变化，在某一孔隙率下具有最大的吸能能力。吸能效率随应变的增加先增大后减小，在应变0．1－0．3之间存在一个峰值。泡沫铝的吸能能力和其压缩性能紧密相连。在其压缩应力应变曲线上有很长的一段平台区，显示出较大的吸能能力。其吸能能力受孔隙率的影响，随孔隙率呈非单调变化，在某一孔隙率下具有最大的吸能能力。吸能效率随应变的增加先增大后减小，在应变0．1－0．3之间存在一个峰值。研究了闭孔泡沫铝的导热性能，结果表明泡沫铝的导热性能低于实体铝，其导热性能不仅与孔隙率有很大的关系，而且其它孔结构及其宏观结构的影响也是不容忽视的。     

复合碳酸盐作发泡剂制备泡沫铝的工艺研究

采用熔体发泡法制取泡沫铝,利用DSC和DTG两种方法,分析了CaMg(CO3)2的热分解特性,同时系统地研究了发泡剂含量、温度及搅拌时间对泡沫铝孔结构的影响.结果表明,发泡剂加入质量分数为2%～3%,搅拌时间1 min～2 min,发泡温度为660℃～710℃的条件下,可以制取孔结构均匀、孔隙率高的泡沫铝合金.     

稀土Er增强泡沫铝基复合材料的制备工艺研究

采用熔体发泡法制取泡沫铝基复合材料,系统分析了稀土Er含量、搅拌时间、保温时间和发泡剂含量对孔结构的影响。对稀土Er在铝熔体中的存在形式以及在增强过程中的强化机制进行了讨论。结果表明：加入质量分数0.40%稀土,搅拌时间7 min,发泡剂的质量分数为2%,保温5 min的条件下,可以制取孔结构均匀、孔隙率高的高强度泡沫铝基复合材料。     

大孔径高孔隙率泡沫铝的制备

采用熔体发泡工艺,用纯铝作原料,氢化钛为发泡剂,金属钙粉为增粘剂,制备出孔结构均匀,孔隙率大于80%,孔径大于4.2mm的闭孔泡沫铝,整个工艺过程控制平稳。探讨了发泡温度、金属钙粉和氢化钛加入量及搅拌时间对泡沫铝结构的影响。结果表明,增粘剂钙粉的加入量为1.5%～2.0%,增粘温度850～860℃,搅拌时间为2.0～2.5 min,发泡剂TiH_2的加入量为1.5%～2.0%,发泡温度为680～690℃,发泡搅拌速度和时间分别为860 rpm和2.0～2.5 min,保温时间4.5～6.0 min时为最佳工艺。     

泡沫铝两步法制备工艺用新型发泡剂的热分解行为

研究一种适于两步法制备泡沫铝工艺用新型发泡剂的热分解行为,分析其分解过程中的动力学与热力学特征,以及发泡气体与熔体之间可能存在的反应。研究表明:该新型发泡剂具有分解温度范围宽、分解过程缓慢的特点;其在熔体中的发泡过程主要受化学反应控制;新型发泡剂所释放的氧化性气体与熔体发生反应,在气泡表面所形成的连续氧化膜,对稳定气泡形貌、减缓气泡的合并和长大有重要作用;该新型发泡剂在两步发泡法制备泡沫铝过程中表现出前期损耗率低、后期发泡效率高的优异性能。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Mg–Zn–Ag Alloys with Single-Phase Structure

Mg–Zn–Ag alloys have been extensively studied in recent years for potential biodegradable implants due to their unique mechanical properties,biodegradability and biocompatibility.In the present study,Mg–3Zn-x Ag(wt%,x=0.2,0.5 and0.8)alloys with single-phase crystal structure were prepared by backward extrusion at 340°C.The addition of Ag element into Mg–3Zn slightly influences the ultimate tensile strength and microstructure,but the elongation firstly increases from12%to 19.8%and then decreases from 19.8%to 9.9%with the increment of Ag concentration.The tensile yield strength,ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy reach up to 142,234 MPa and 19.8%,respectively,which are the best mechanical performance of Mg–Zn–Ag alloys in the present work.The extruded Mg–3Zn–0.2Ag alloy also possesses the best corrosion behavior with the corresponding corrosion rate of 3.2 mm/year in immersion test,which could be explained by the single-phase and uniformly distributed grain structure,and the fewer twinning.     

Growth Morphologies of a Binary Alloy with Low Anisotropy in Directional Solidification

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.