900MPa含Ti低碳贝氏体钢的研究

采用高Ti成分设计,通过高温轧制方法制备了3种含硼和不含硼7 mm厚的高强度贝氏体钢板,对钢中合金元素的作用以及加热、轧制工艺对钢板性能的影响进行了研究.结果表明,含硼钢板经600℃回火后,屈服强度达920 MPa,伸长率14.0%;回火后的含硼和不含硼钢板在-60℃～-20℃条件下5 mm厚试样的冲击韧度值均大于50 J,冲击断口具有韧窝形貌,并有大量平行于轧制方向的分层.含硼钢板具有细小板条贝氏体组织,原奥氏体晶粒宽度在10 μm左右,内部贝氏体板条宽度150～300 nm.这种细小的贝氏体组织以及冲击试验中出现的断口分层现象,使钢板在达到极高屈服强度的同时,仍具有极佳的低温韧性.     

回火工艺对低碳贝氏体高强钢组织与性能的影响

采用两阶段控轧控冷工艺轧制低碳贝氏体高强钢,在不同温度下进行一定时间的回火处理,检测回火处理前后钢板的力学性能,并对比分析了显微组织.结果表明,析出强化在回火处理前后起主导作用;随着回火温度的提高,组织从粒状贝氏体向准多边形铁素体过渡;在600 ～750℃进行回火处理,试验钢中的析出相粒子均匀弥散析出,屈服强度上升了90～135 MPa,抗拉强度上升了15 ～ 55 MPa;准多边形铁素体组织在-20℃的冲击功不低于30 J.     

回火工艺对铌钛低碳贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜和力学性能检验,研究了回火温度对TMCP型铌钛微合金化低碳贝氏体钢微观组织结构、第二相析出及力学性能的影响。结果表明,回火后力学性能非单调变化,归因于铌钛微合金化钢在回火过程中,贝氏体内位错亚结构回复软化与第二相析出强化及碳的脱溶机制综合作用。400～500℃回火,Nb、Ti第二相持续析出强化,随回火温度的升高,板条贝氏体回复作用逐渐加强并逐渐达到回复稳定状态。回火温度≥500℃时,M/A岛组织发生分解,贝氏体板条合并、组织粗化,析出相聚集长大,固溶元素脱溶,组织演变为贝氏体和铁素体,强度持续降低,但韧塑性得到改善。550℃回火后钢板具有最佳综合力学性能:抗拉强度为790 MPa,屈服强度为740 MPa,伸长率为16.5%,-20℃冲击吸收能量为250 J。     

Mo在新型空冷低碳Mn-Si-Cr系贝氏体钢中的作用

研究了Mo对新型空冷低碳Mn-Si-Cr系列贝氏体钢CCT曲线的影响.针对低硅和高硅情况,研究了少量Mo对新型空冷低碳Mn-Si-Cr系贝氏体钢不同温度回火后组织和性能的影响.结果表明,试验钢中添加少量Mo元素能有效延迟CCT曲线高温先共析铁素体转变,降低Ms点,但对中温转变影响较小.加入少量Mo对组织影响不明显,但含Mo钢的回火脆性曲线向右推移,峰谷值出现的回火温度升高,在高Si钢中更为突出,将回火脆性温度提高了100 ℃左右.到高温回火阶段,无Mo钢的冲击韧性高于含Mo钢.     

回火对铌微合金化C-Mn钢的组织及性能影响

研究了低碳低合金铌微合金化钢经轧制快速冷却后回火过程中组织与力学性能的变化.结果表明,低碳低合金铌微合金化钢回火时弥散强化随钢中Nb含量的升高而增强.当钢中Nb含量高于0.042%时,抗拉强度及屈服强度在600℃回火2 h达到峰值.含0.023%Nb的钢在550℃回火时的抗拉强度达到最高值,而屈服强度在550℃和650℃回火时出现双峰值.低于600℃回火,全部试验钢中观察到回火贝氏体,700℃回火时,回火贝氏体消失,形成平衡组织.     

回火温度对超低碳贝氏体钢(ULCB)组织与性能的影响

超低碳贝氏体钢经两阶段控轧控冷,在不同温度进行一定时间的回火,检测了热处理前后钢板力学性能并对比分析了组织特点.结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,贝氏体板条逐渐合并,过渡到粒状贝氏体,随着回火温度的进一步升高,出现粗大的准多边形铁素体组织;在490 ℃～620 ℃范围内进行热处理,试验钢会得到良好的综合性能;粒状贝氏体组织在-20 ℃的低温冲击功在560 ℃热处理达到最小值,之后随着回火温度的升高而大幅提高;而含有板条贝氏体组织钢的-20 ℃低温冲击功随着热处理温度的升高而有所改善.     

铝元素对低碳Q&P钢回火行为的影响

研究了不同回火温度下含铝低碳QP钢的回火行为。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了组织形貌变化,利用冲击和拉伸试验测试了试验钢的力学性能。结果表明:在280～400℃回火时,含铝钢的力学性能基本保持稳定,强塑积大于21 GPa·%,冲击性能大于80 J。在400℃回火时,QP钢强塑积达到了23. 4 GPa·%,冲击吸收能量达到了97 J。铝的加入一方面提高了钢的回火抗力和回火脆性温度,另一方面促进了回火过程中的贝氏体转变并延迟了碳化物的析出。     

新型贝氏体铸钢回火热处理组织和性能的研究

研究了正火后不同回火温度对ZG30CrMn2Si2Mo新型贝氏体铸钢的组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,ZG30CrMn2Si2Mo具有较高的回火抗力,450℃以下回火组织为贝氏体铁素体和奥氏体组成,为一种新型贝氏体组织,超过450℃回火组织转变为典型贝氏体.250℃回火具有良好的综合力学性能,550℃回火出现回火脆性,出现回火脆性的原因与组织中的贝氏体铁素体及残余奥氏体分解形成碳化物有关.提出了ZG30CrMn2Si2Ni钢的最佳回火工艺.     

调质处理对低碳微合金钢组织与力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜和拉伸试验机研究了C-Mn-Mo-Ni-Nb-Ti-V 系低碳微合金钢950 ℃淬火和560~640 ℃回火调质处理对钢微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,轧态钢板中含有大量细小均匀的粒状贝氏体（GB）组织,有良好的强韧性。调质后,试验钢获得板条贝氏体及铁素体的混合组织,随回火温度的升高,板条贝氏体回复作用逐渐加强,相邻板条合并,致使组织粗化。试验钢经950 ℃淬火+640 ℃回火后,其强度下降,韧性和塑性明显提高,伸长率为26.9%,－20 ℃夏比冲击吸收能量为392 J,断口剪切面积达到100%。     

强韧X80管件钢的组织和力学性能

设计了一种新型低碳Mn-Nb-V(Ti)系低合金强韧X80级管件钢,对比研究了一次淬火回火、二次淬火回火6种不同工艺对其微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:一次淬火X80管件钢抗拉强度最高,达695 MPa,屈服强度最低为526 MPa,冲击功48 J(-50℃);二次淬火加热温度为860℃+630℃×60 min回火的管件钢抗拉强度达652 MPa,屈服强度为585 MPa,冲击功达210 J(-50℃),具有最佳的综合力学性能.分析认为这归因于二次淬火温度在860℃时,组织主要由长条状的铁素体和细晶贝氏体、马氏体组成,以及在随后630℃回火后,块状M-A组元的分解、位错亚结构的回复软化、析出强化和板条边界钝化机制的综合作用.     

Nb对热轧低碳贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响

为开发600 MPa级热轧贝氏体钢,设计了两种钢种成分,以C-Si-Mn系贝氏体钢为基础,添加一定合金元素Nb,经冶炼、轧制后进行了组织观察、析出沉淀分析以及性能测试试验,研究Nb元素在热轧贝氏体钢中的作用。结果表明,添加0.025wt%的Nb,能细化贝氏体板条,贝氏体板条短小,有利于提高钢的强度与韧性。弥散的含Nb碳氮化物颗粒析出,起到析出强化作用,提高钢的强度。Nb可明显改善低碳高强贝氏体钢的综合性能。     

Q550D钢板的研制及其回火工艺的分析

在工业试制条件下,通过成分设计和TMCP-T工艺设计,采用晶粒细化、沉淀强化、位错强化和 贝氏体组织强化等手段,辅以回火处理得到性能优异的低碳贝氏体Q550D高强钢板,其屈服强度约600-665MPa抗拉强度达725-775MPa金相组织为粒状贝氏体和细小板条贝氏体的混合组织。同时,分析了不同回火工艺对钢板组织结构与力学性能的影响。     

新型贝氏体板簧钢的组织及性能

针对汽车减重和环保问题,自行设计研制了车用新型贝氏体板簧钢,并对其组织和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,该钢经正火热处理即可得到无碳贝氏体组织;XRD检测表明,其物相组成以α相为主;该钢具有优良的综合力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,屈服强度近1200 MPa,抗拉强度达1400 MPa,常温下,冲击吸收能量达到73.2 J以上,强韧性配比优异。     

低碳贝氏体钢渗碳工艺及在轿车齿轮上的应用

对低碳帐房底体钢的渗碳工艺、显微组织、力学性能、液火变形进行了研究。结果表明,此钢渗碳工艺性能良好,渗碳层组织理想,力学性能优良,采用渗碳气冷淬火 ,使轿车齿轮淬火变形比２０ＣｒＭｎＴｉ钢的明显减小。     

回火工艺对1200 MPa级贝氏体钢轨组织性能的影响

对贝氏体钢轨钢不同工艺回火后的组织和性能进行研究.结果表明,350℃回火4h及以上,贝氏体钢轨屈服强度大于1000 MPa,抗拉强度大于1200 MPa,伸长率和断面收缩率分别大于15％和45％,室温冲击功大于150 J;在450～550℃回火时,出现明显的回火脆性.金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察表明,贝氏体轨钢以粒状贝氏体组织为主,残留奥氏体在板条间以M-A岛状形式分布.不同回火温度及3％拉伸变形后试验贝氏体轨钢残留奥氏体的测定结果表明,350℃回火时的残留奥氏体机械稳定性最好.贝氏体钢轨的强韧性随回火温度的变化与残留奥氏体的机械稳定性密切相关.     

预相变马氏体对超级贝氏体钢组织热稳定性的影响

为明确超级贝氏体组织失稳机制以及探索提高超级贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体热稳定性的方法,通过预相变马氏体工艺,即在等温贝氏体相变前引入预相变马氏体,制备了中碳超级贝氏体钢。对比分析了回火前后中碳超级贝氏体钢显微组织和力学性能的变化,研究了预相变马氏体对中碳超级贝氏体钢中贝氏体组织及残余奥氏体热稳定性的影响。结果表明:预相变马氏体的存在能够细化贝氏体铁素体板条,提高残余奥氏体含量和热稳定性。预相变马氏体的引入及其对超级贝氏体组织的细化作用使得试验钢的屈服强度超过1 000 MPa,伸长率大于20%;300~600 ℃回火1 h后,高碳薄膜状残余奥氏体首先发生分解,形成细小的碳化物,然后贝氏体铁素体板条发生回复和再结晶,形成沿原板条方向的铁素体晶粒;600 ℃回火后试验钢的屈服强度仍与回火前相当,主要是预相变马氏体周围的薄膜状残余奥氏体未发生明显分解,能够抑制相邻贝氏体铁素体板条的回复。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 1,000 MPa Ultra-High Strength Hot-Rolled Plate Steel for Coal Mine Refuge Chamber

The 1,000 MPa ultra-high strength hot-rolled plate steel with low-carbon bainitic microstructure was developed in the laboratory for coal mine refuge chamber. The static recrystallization behavior, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of this hot-rolled plate steel were investigated by the hot compression, continuous cooling transformation, and tensile deformation test. The results show that the developed steel has excellent mechanical properties at both room and elevated temperature, and its microstructure mainly consists of lath bainite, granular bainite, and ferrite after thermal–mechanical control process(TMCP). The ultra-high strength plate steel is obtained by the TMCP process in hot rolling, strengthened by bainitic transformation, microstructure refinement, and precipitation of alloying elements such as Nb, Ti, Mo, and Cu. The experimental steel has relatively low welding crack sensitivity index and high atmospheric corrosion resistance index. Therefore, the developed steel has a good balance of strength and ductility both at room and elevated temperature, weldability and corrosion resistance, and it can suffice for the basic demands for materials in the manufacture of coal mine refuge chamber.     

Development of Ti–V–Mo Complex Microalloyed Hot-Rolled 900-MPa-Grade High-Strength Steel

A new Ti–V–Mo complex microalloyed hot-rolled high-strength steel sheet was developed by controlling a thermo-mechanical controlled processing(TMCP) schedule, in particular with variants in coiling temperature. The effects of coiling temperature(CT) on various hardening mechanisms and mechanical properties of Ti–V–Mo complex microalloyed high-strength low-alloy steels were investigated. The results revealed that the steels are mainly strengthened by a combined effect of ferrite grain refinement hardening and precipitation hardening. The variation in simulated coiling temperature causes a significant difference in strength, which is mainly attributed to different precipitation hardening increment contributions. When the CT is 600 C, the experimental steel has the best mechanical properties: ultimate tensile strength(UTS) 1000 MPa, yield strength(YS) 955 MPa and elongation(EL) 17%. Moreover, about 82 wt% of the total precipitates are nano-sized carbide particles with diameter of 1–10 nm, which is randomly dispersed in the ferrite matrix.The nano-sized carbide particles led to a strong precipitation hardening increment up to 310 MPa.     

Effects of Nb on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Water-Quenched F<Subscript>GBA</Subscript>/B<Subscript>G</Subscript> Steels

In order to reduce the alloying cost, Mn-series low carbon water-quenched grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite (F_GBA)/granular bainite (B_G) steels have been developed. The effect of 0.06 wt.% Nb on microstructure and mechanical properties of F_GBA/B_G steel was investigated. The result showed that the addition of 0.06 wt.% Nb improved the hardenability of the F_GBA/B_G steel, refined the grain size of F_GBA, promoted the granular bainitic transformation, and refined the granular bainite including its bainitic ferrite and martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents. With the addition of 0.06 wt.% Nb, the yield strength increased from 560 to 741 MPa, and the impact energy increased from 93 to 151 J, respectively, for 30-mm thickness steel plates. It is supposed that the addition of 0.06 wt.% Nb could improve the mechanical properties of the F_GBA/B_G steel by refining the microstructure and increasing the amount of strengthening phases.     

Multiphase Microstructure in a Metastability-Assisted Medium Carbon Alloy Steel

A medium carbon alloy steel is processed by austenizing at 900 °C for 30 min, then rapid quenching into a patented quenching liquid and holding at 170 °C for 5 min, finally isothermally holding at 250 °C for different times. The morphology and mechanical properties are performed by using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A multiphase microstructure characterized by a mixture of lenticular prior martensite (PM), fine needle bainitic ferrite and filmy retained austenite (RA) is obtained. It is found that the PM formed firstly upon quenching can accelerate the subsequent bainitic transformation and promote refinement of multiphase colonies. The results show that an optimum mechanical property of a 4000.9 MPa bending strength and a 2030 MPa tensile strength is achieved at 250 °C for 120 min, which is attributed to the multiphase microstructural characteristics and a high product of the volume fraction of RA and the carbon content of austenite.