氮化铝陶瓷低温烧结过程中的液相迁移与表层晶粒生长

对YF3-CaF2烧结助剂体系的氮化铝(AlN)低温烧结过程中液相向表面迁移的现象和表层晶粒生长进行了研究, 同时分析讨论了液相迁移的机制. AlN低温烧结过程中液相向表面的迁移, 有利于减少晶界相, 提高其热导率. 然而, 液相向表面过量迁移和富集则导致了表层晶粒的异常生长, 坯体内部由于缺乏液相烧结助剂不能实现致密化, 这一现象也造成陶瓷基板的翘曲. AlN陶瓷坯体在烧结起始阶段的快速收缩和坯体内部AlN晶界两面角大于72.5°都有助于液相向表面迁移. 低温烧结后陶瓷表面的主要物相是AlN和Y2O3, Y2O3的出现并被碳热还原生成可挥发的YN可能是表面呈现蓝紫色的原因. 表面Y2O3的产生与钇铝酸盐(Y3Al5O12, Y4Al2O9)液相迁移至AlN陶瓷表面并与炉中碳气氛发生碳热还原有关.     

复合助剂对低温常压烧结AIN性能的影响

研究了Y2O3,LiO2,CaO烧结助剂对AlN陶瓷常压烧结致密度和性能的影响。结果发现,同时添加Y2O3,LiO2,CaO作为助剂,在1600℃低温烧结就能获得具有高致密度、较小的晶粒尺寸(1μm~4μm)、较高的抗弯强度(331MPa)、断裂韧性(3.8MPa·m1/2)及导热率(118W·m-1·K-1)的AlN陶瓷。     

Y2O3对SPS烧结纳米AlN粉末的影响

利用低温燃烧法合成出了平均粒度为100 nm的AlN粉末,将合成的粉末采用放电等离子(SPS)技术进行低温强化烧结,研究Y2O3对烧结过程以及烧结试样特性的影响.XRD进行物相分析,SEM观察断口形貌,排水法测烧结试样的密度,激光闪光法测烧结试样的热导率.实验表明采用低温燃烧法合成出的AlN粉末具有非常好的烧结性能,采用SPS烧结技术,40 MPa压力下,在1600℃保温4 min,就能得到非常致密的AlN陶瓷;Y2O3对纳米AlN粉末在SPS低温强化烧结过程仍有促进作用,使试样在更低的温度下烧结致密,并且晶粒更细小,从而热导率也较低;加入Y2O3的烧结试样晶界强度增加,断口中有较多的穿晶断裂形式,而不加入Y2O3的烧结试样主要以沿晶形式断裂.     

Sm2O3对放电等离子烧结AlN陶瓷致密化和导热性能的影响

针对AlN陶瓷难以烧结致密的特点,采用放电等离子烧结(Spark Plasma Sintering,SPS)技术,利用SPS过程中脉冲电流产生局部高温来加强扩散作用,促进颗粒间颈部接触点形成,并通过添加适量烧结助剂Sm2O3,在短时间内实现了AlN陶瓷的烧结致密化.重点研究了烧结助剂Sm2O3的加入量、烧结温度等工艺参数对AlN陶瓷致密化钩毯统潭鹊挠跋?研究发现Sm2O3的加入使AlN致密化过程提前,烧结温度降低;SPS制备的AlN陶瓷晶粒尺寸均匀一致,晶粒发育良好烧结过程中Sm2O3与AlN粉体表面的Al2O3膜层在晶界处形成Sm-Al-O化合物,该反应有效促进了AlN颗粒间的相互扩散和烧结体的致密,对于AlN晶格完整性的保留非常有利,使AlN烧结体获得了良好的导热性能,其热导率达到150W/(m·K).     

复合助剂对低温常压烧结AlN性能的影响

研究了Y2O3,LiO2,CaO烧结助剂对AlN陶瓷常压烧结致密度和性能的影响.结果发现,同时添加Y2O3,LiO2,CaO作为助剂,在1600℃低温烧结就能获得具有高致密度、较小的晶粒尺寸(1μm～4μm)、较高的抗弯强度(331MPa)、断裂韧性(3.8 MPa·m1/2)及导热率(118 W·m-1·K-1)的AlN陶瓷.     

两面顶技术超高压热压烧结AlN陶瓷的研究

利用两面顶压机实现了AlN陶瓷材料的超高压热压烧结,借助于XRD、SEM、热导仪、激光粒度分析等分析测试手段,系统地研究了工艺因素对AlN陶瓷的显微结构、性能的影响,获得了超高压热压烧结AlN陶瓷的较佳烧结工艺,并对超高压热压烧结的机理进行了分析、探讨.研究结果表明:Y2O3是有效的低温烧结助剂,烧结助剂的预处理有助于减弱晶界相的局部富集,是提高AlN陶瓷热导率的有效措施;在压力为5.15 GPa、温度为1 700 ℃、烧结周期为115 min的超高压热压烧结条件下,获得了显微结构致密均匀、晶粒形貌大小难以分辨、晶界不明显的AlN陶瓷,其热率导达到200 W/(m·K).     

纳米AlN粉末的低温烧结

研究了低温燃烧合成前驱物制备纳米级AlN粉末的低温烧结行为,利用XRD,SEM等手段对陶瓷粉末及烧结体进行了表征。结果表明:由于该粉末的粒径小(约为100nm),比表面积大(17.4m2/g),具有很好的烧结活性,在未使用烧结助剂时,在常压下1700℃获得了致密的陶瓷材料;添加5%Y2O3烧结助剂后,AlN的烧结致密化温度又降低为1600℃,比通常采用的比表面积低于5m2/g的AlN粉末的烧结致密化温度降低了200℃。分析了该种粉末促进烧结的机理,并在1650℃时制备出热导率为132.4W·m-1·K-1的AlN陶瓷。     

CaF2助剂放电等离子烧结透明AlN陶瓷的微观结构和光学性能

采用放电等离子烧结技术,添加质量分数为3%的CaF2作为烧结助剂,制备了透明氮化铝(AlN)陶瓷.样品在烧结温度1 800℃,30 MPa压力下保温15 min,达到了99.5%的相对密度和52.7%的最大透过率.SEM、XRD、TEM和EDX结果表明,烧结体具有很高的致密度、纯度,良好的晶粒形貌和微观晶体结构,晶界和三角晶界处观察不到第二相的存在.CaF2的添加引入液相烧结,促进AlN晶粒的生长和烧结体的致密化,并且与AlN颗粒反应生成的氟化物和Ca-Al-O化合物能够从烧结体中逸出,进一步净化烧结体,是制备透明AlN陶瓷的有效助剂.放电等离子烧结技术具有烧结快速、烧结体致密度高的特点,是制备透明AlN陶瓷的有效方法.     

低温常压烧结SiC陶瓷的结构与性能

采用Al2O3-Y2O3-CaO烧结助剂体系,低于1600℃无保护气氛条件下常压烧结制备SiC陶瓷。研究了粘结剂含量、压制压力、SiC原料粒径级配、烧结温度、烧结助剂含量等对SiC陶瓷结构与性能的影响,优化低温常压烧结SiC陶瓷工艺参数。结果表明,在SiC陶瓷烧结过程中,烧结体中的助烧熔体能充分填充孔隙,并在随后的冷却过程中大多转化为晶态氧化物,有效促进SiC陶瓷的烧结致密化,并赋予其良好的结构与性能。采用3.5μm和0.5μm粒径的粉体按3∶1质量比级配,烧结助剂含量为30%(质量分数),1575℃烧结制备的SiC陶瓷的密度为2.93 g/cm3,抗弯强度为359 MPa。     

CeO2,Dy2O3,Yb2O3及Y2O3烧结助剂对氮化硅陶瓷热导率的影响

研究了CeO2-MgO(CeM),Dy2O3-MgO(DyM),Yb2O3-MgO(YbM)及Y2O3-MgO(YM)体系烧结助剂对氮化硅陶瓷的热导率及电学性能的影响.结果表明与YM烧结助剂相比,添加DyM烧结助剂的氮化硅陶瓷热导率较低;添加CeM烧结助剂的氮化硅陶瓷的热导率最高,为85.4W/m·K;添加YbM烧结助剂的氮化硅陶瓷也有较高的热导率,但体电阻率较低.组织分析表明,添加不同稀土元素的烧结体组织形貌基本相同,晶界相不同,添加DyM,YbM和YM烧结助剂的氮化硅陶瓷在烧结过程中分别形成了含氧晶界相Dy2Si3N4O3,Yb2Si3N2O5和Y2Si3N3O4.     

RHEOLOGY FEATURE OF SIMPLE METAL MELT

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

LASER CLADDED TiCN COATINGS ON THE SURFACE OF TITANIUM

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steel Joints by Friction Stir Welding Under Various Cooling Conditions

X80 pipeline steel plates were friction stir welded(FSW) under air, water, liquid CO_2 + water, and liquid CO_2 cooling conditions, producing defect-free welds. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of these FSW joints were studied. Coarse granular bainite was observed in the nugget zone(NZ) under air cooling, and lath bainite and lath martensite increased signifi cantly as the cooling medium temperature reduced. In particular, under the liquid CO_2 cooling condition, a dual phase structure of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite appeared in the NZ. Compared to the case under air cooling, a strong shear texture was identifi ed in the NZs under other rapid cooling conditions, because the partial deformation at elevated temperature was retained through higher cooling rates. Under liquid CO_2 cooling, the highest transverse tensile strength and elongation of the joint reached 92% and 82% of those of the basal metal(BM), respectively, due to the weak tempering softening. A maximum impact energy of up to 93% of that of the BM was obtained in the NZ under liquid CO_2 cooling, which was attributed to the operation of the dual phase of lath martensite and fi ne ferrite.     

INDUSTRY NEWS

China Securities News reported on March 21, 2014： Guangdong Hongtu Wuhan Die Casting Co., Ltd. （Wuhan Hongtu）, a wholly owned subsidiary of Guangdong Hongtu Technology （Holdings） Co., Ltd., held a groundbreaking ceremony recently. With the registered capital of 50 million Yuan, Wuhan Hongtu has a total land area of 100,000 square meters and a plant construction area of 72,000 square meters. It is expected to have a production capacity of about 30,000 tonnes of aluminum castings annually after it is put into production.     

GROWTH MORPHOLOGIES OF A BINARY ALLOY WITH LOW ANISOTROPY IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

Two new classes of growth morphologies, called doublons and seaweed, were simulated using a phase-field method. The evolution of doublon and seaweed morphologies was obtained in directional solidification. The influence of orientation and velocity on the growth morphology was investigated. It was indicated that doublons preferred growing with its crystallographic axis aligned with the heat flow direction. Seaweed, on the other hand, could be obtained by tilting the crystalline axis to 45°. Stable doublons could only exist in a range of velocity regime. Beyond this regime the patterns formed would be unstable. The simulation results agreed with the reported experimental results qualitatively.