Cu2+掺杂TiO2介孔材料的制备及表征

利用十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)为模板剂,通过钛酸四丁酯的水解合成了TiO2纳米介孔材料.采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等对试样进行了表征.结果表明,粉末TiO2为锐钛矿相晶体结构,呈类球形,粒径分布范围窄,孔道结构发达有序.光催化降解亚甲基蓝的实验表明,掺杂Cu2+前后的介孔TiO2粉体都具有很高的光催化活性.     

正向电压对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层性能的影响

在磷酸二氢钠、乙酸钙及EDTA混合电解液中,对TC4钛合金表面采用微弧氧化技术制备陶瓷膜层。使用膜层测厚仪和粗糙度仪对膜层进行检测,同时用SEM、EDS及XRD对膜层的表面形貌、化学成分及相组成进行分析。结果表明:随正向电压的逐渐升高,陶瓷层厚度呈上升趋势;微孔孔径逐渐增大,数量减少,粗糙度也不断增大;P、Ca二种元素的含量随正向电压升高逐渐增大,不稳定的锐钛矿型TiO2逐渐向稳定的金红石型TiO2变化。     

微弧氧化时间对二氧化钛薄膜微观结构与性能的影响

为提高钛表面原位生长TiO2薄膜层的光催化活性,在恒定电流下,研究了微弧氧化时间对所得膜层光催化活性的影响.利用XRD、SEM和分光光度计研究了氧化膜的相组成、微观结构和光降解效率.结果表明:随氧化时间的延长,涂层表面微孔孔径增加,粗糙度和膜厚变大,微孔数量减少;微弧氧化膜主要由金红石型TiO2和锐钛矿型TiO2组成,随氧化时间的延长,金红石相所占比例逐渐增大;膜层具有较高的光催化活性,该能力主要取决于膜内锐钛矿型TiO2的含量,且随着光照时间的延长而提高,并最终趋于稳定.     

Na2SiO3电解液体系下正负向电压对Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化膜层特性的影响

采用Na2SiO3电解液体系,在不同的正、负向电压条件下对Ti6Al4V合金进行微弧氧化.利用测厚仪、SEM、XRD等手段分析微弧氧化膜厚度、表面形貌、相组成,研究正、负向电压对氧化膜层特性的影响规律.试验结果表明,负向电压恒定在80V时,随着正向电压由350V增加到400V,氧化膜厚度由48μm增加至94μm;固定正向电压为380V,负向电压由50V增加至90V,氧化膜厚度先增加,后减小;正、负向在380V/80V时获得的氧化膜致密且与基体结合良好;正向电压增加,有利于得到更多的锐钛矿相TiO2;增加负向电压,有利于得到更多的金红石相TiO2.     

氮掺杂二氧化钛薄膜的制备与光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂改性的TiO2薄膜,用表面形貌仪、扫描电镜和光电子能谱仪等分析薄膜的厚度、表面形貌和成分,研究了薄膜对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解速率.结果表明,通过加入尿素实现了氮离子在TiO2晶格间的间隙掺杂和替位掺杂.薄膜厚度在50～200 nm之间,表面平整.氮离子掺杂使TiO2薄膜的光催化活性大大提高,当氮掺杂TiO2薄膜中N/Ti原子比为0.015时,单层氮掺杂TiO2薄膜降解亚甲基蓝一半所需要的时间为2.5 h.     

等离子复合处理制备光催化N掺杂TiO2薄膜（英文）

通过等离子合金化技术在不锈钢表面制备TiN薄膜,然后对TiN薄膜进行热氧化得到N掺杂TiO2薄膜。同时制备 TiO2薄膜作为对比研究。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及紫外-可见分光光度仪(UV-Vis)对得到的薄膜进行表征。XRD测试结果表明:经过450 °C氧化处理的薄膜中存在锐钛矿晶型的TiO2。经热氧化后薄膜表面均匀分布着尺寸接近的微小凸起物。TiO2和N掺杂TiO2的带隙分别为3.25eV和3.08eV。可见光下薄膜催化剂降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验结果表明:N 掺杂TiO2薄膜比未掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化效率明显高,可见光照射150min后对亚甲基蓝溶液的最终降解率为20%。     

等离子复合处理制备光催化N掺杂TiO_2薄膜(英文)

通过等离子合金化技术在不锈钢表面制备TiN薄膜,然后对TiN薄膜进行热氧化得到N掺杂TiO2薄膜。同时制备 TiO2薄膜作为对比研究。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及紫外-可见分光光度仪(UV-Vis)对得到的薄膜进行表征。XRD测试结果表明:经过450 °C氧化处理的薄膜中存在锐钛矿晶型的TiO2。经热氧化后薄膜表面均匀分布着尺寸接近的微小凸起物。TiO2和N掺杂TiO2的带隙分别为3.25eV和3.08eV。可见光下薄膜催化剂降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验结果表明:N 掺杂TiO2薄膜比未掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化效率明显高,可见光照射150min后对亚甲基蓝溶液的最终降解率为20%。     

Ag-TiO2纳米棒阵列的抗菌性和光催化性能研究

目的：制备一种高抗菌性和高光催化活性的Ag掺杂TiO2（Ag-TiO2）纳米棒阵列。方法通过磁控溅射与水热复合处理法,在钛箔片表面制备出Ag掺杂TiO2（Ag-TiO2）纳米棒阵列,酸化处理过的试样在500℃下煅烧2 h。采用X射线衍射（XRD）进行物相分析,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、场发射透射电子显微镜（TEM）、能量分散谱仪(EDS)观察试样的表面、截面形貌、微观结构和组成,并探究其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌性能和对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解能力。结果该工艺下制备的 Ag-TiO2纳米棒大小均匀,取向明显,主要由锐钛矿型 TiO2相组成。Ag-TiO2纳米棒对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有优异的杀菌效果,杀菌率几乎达到100%。Ag-TiO2纳米棒能有效地提高亚甲基蓝的降解率。结论磁控溅射与水热复合处理法在钛箔片表面成功制备出Ag-TiO2纳米棒阵列,此阵列具有优异的杀菌能力、高抗菌和光催化降解性能。     

外电阻对纯钛微弧氧化膜特性的影响

在Na2SiO3-Na3PO4溶液中,研究了恒定电压下通电回路中有、无外电阻对纯钛微弧氧化膜特性的影响。结果表明,MAO膜的生长特性、相组成、表面形貌和处理后样品的耐腐蚀能力受MAO过程中外电阻的影响较大。无外电阻时制备的氧化膜相组成和表面形貌与处理电压U密切相关,当U<450 V时,氧化膜由锐钛矿相TiO2组成,当U≥450 V时,氧化膜由锐钛矿相和金红石相TiO2组成。而有外电阻时制备的氧化膜相组成和表面形貌与U的关系不大, 膜层由锐钛矿相TiO2组成,膜表面的微孔尺寸更小、其分布也更均匀;在30%硫酸溶液中的耐腐蚀测试表明,有外电阻时制备的样品比无外电阻时制备的样品其耐腐蚀性能平均高出40%     

悬浮液等离子喷涂高效制备TiO2涂层及其光催化性能

目的 解决TiO2粉末催化剂在污水净化过程中易沉降和难回收问题,同时提高TiO2在可见光条件下降解有机污染物的速率。方法 采用悬浮液等离子喷涂(SPS)技术,以H2为辅助气体制备TiO2涂层,借助H2将高温等离子体焰流中熔融态TiO2中的Ti⁴⁺还原成Ti³⁺。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱光谱仪、紫外-可见光谱仪等对TiO2粉末以及所制备涂层的结构形貌、物相组成、元素价态、光学特性进行分析。以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,使用光化学反应仪测试粉末和涂层的光催化性能。结果 TiO2涂层表面呈现由熔融和半熔融颗粒组成的“喀斯特”微观形貌,表面粗糙度为2.94 µm,孔隙率为10.2%。TiO2粉末物相为纯锐钛矿,涂层物相由锐钛矿、金红石相及TiO2－x相组成。TiO2涂层中Ti³⁺的存在使其带间隙减小0.6 eV。在紫外光条件下,TiO2粉末的催化速率为0.003 48,而涂层的催化速率为0.003 45。在可见光条件下,粉末的催化速率与亚甲基蓝的光解速率相近,涂层的催化速率是0.003 07。结论 通过SPS技术成功制备了TiO2光催化涂层,其在可见光条件下的催化性能较粉末有显著提升。     

A strategy for single-step elaboration of V2O5-grafted TiO2 nanostructured photocatalysts with evenly distributed pores

V₂O₅-TiO₂ nanostructured porous layers were grown through micro arc oxidation of titanium in vanadate containing electrolytes. This study sheds light on the effect of the electric current type on the photocatalytic performance of the layers. Surface morphology of the layers was investigated by SEM. The results revealed a porous structure with a pores size of 30-180 nm depending on the frequency and the duty cycle. A uniform porous structure was obtained under the pulse-DC regime. Topographical investigations revealed a rough surface which is favorable for catalytic applications. Our XRD and XPS results showed that the layers consisted of anatase, rutile, and vanadium oxide phases whose fraction was observed to change depending on the electric variables. Finally, methylene blue was selected as a model material in order to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the grown layers. The layers which were fabricated under pulse current, especially those synthesized at the frequency of 500 Hz and duty cycle of 5%, exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency under ultraviolet and visible illuminations on account of their higher surface area and anatase/rutile fraction.     

g-C3N4/TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及光催化性能的研究

目的 获得在可见光下光催化活性较好,且可回收、可重复利用的光催化材料。方法 在钛基底上采用阳极氧化法制备TiO2纳米管阵列（TiO2 NTAs）,将TiO2 NTAs在10%尿素溶液中浸渍不同时间后,在氮气保护下高温热分解,制备g-C3N4/TiO2 NTAs复合薄膜。采用XRD、SEM、TEM对复合薄膜进行物相及形貌的表征,在可见光照射下,通过亚甲基蓝溶液的催化降解实验来评估复合薄膜的光催化活性。结果 在10%尿素溶液中浸渍不同时间后所获得的g-C3N4/TiO2 NTAs样品,其可见光催化活性均较纯TiO2 NTAs有所提高,而且随浸渍时间的增加,其可见光催化活性依次增加。浸渍时间为6 h的g-C3N4/TiO2 NTAs样品,在可见光下的光催化活性最高,在120 min内对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达73%。继续增加浸渍时间,所获得的TiO2 NTAs样品的可见光催化活性有所降低。结论 g-C3N4与TiO2 NTAs复合,可以有效提高TiO2 NTAs的光催化活性,其原因是g-C3N4的复合提高了载流子的传递效率,同时也提高了对可见光的吸收。     

Photocatalytic activity of anatase thin films coated cotton fibers prepared via a microwave assisted liquid phase deposition process

Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide thin films in the anatase phase was successfully coated on cotton fibers via a simple microwave (MW) assisted liquid phase deposition (MW-LPD) process with hexafluorotitanate ammonium (NH₄)₂TiF₆ as precursor. Compared with the conventional LPD processes, the MW-LPD technique could provide quickly high yield and crystallinity in a diluted precursor solution at a low temperature. Microwave irradiation penetrated and simultaneously heated the bulk of the material and led to higher heating efficiency with faster processing. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) studies on these powders indicated that the powders obtained with MW irradiation have much higher crystallinity with a single phase anatase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed the information of continuous layers of titania on cotton fibers. UV-vis analyses revealed the coated titania produced an excellent UV protection of the coated fiber. The fibers with anatase coatings showed high photocatalytic property and better repetition on the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB).     

Plasma-Sprayed Photocatalytic Zinc Oxide Coatings

Fabrication of semiconductor coatings with photocatalytic action for photodegradation of organic pollutants is highly desirable. In this research, pure zinc oxide, which is well known for its promising photocatalytic activity, was deposited on stainless-steel plates by plasma spraying. The phase composition and microstructure of the deposited films were studied by x-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Despite the low-energy conditions of the plasma spraying process, the zinc oxide coatings showed good mechanical integrity on the substrate. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated using aqueous solution of methylene blue at concentration of 5 mg L^?1. The results showed the potential of the plasma spraying technique to deposit zinc oxide coatings with photocatalytic action under ultraviolet illumination. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy confirmed that the plasma spraying method could deposit zinc oxide films with higher photoabsorption ability relative to the initial powder.     

Elaboration and characterization of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films prepared by sol–gel dip-coating

Nanocrystalline TiO₂ thin films were deposited on a ITO coated glass substrate by sol–gel dip coating technique, the layers undergo a heat treatment at temperatures varying from 300 to 450 °C. The structural, morphological and optical characterizations of the as deposited and annealed films were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), visible, (Fourier-Transform) infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fluorescence and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results indicate that an anatase phase structure TiO₂ thin film with nanocrystallite size of about 15 nm can be obtained at the heat treatment temperature of 350 °C or above, that is to say, at the heat treatment temperature below 300 °C, the thin films grow in amorphous phase; while the heat treatment temperature is increased up to 400 °C or above, the thin film develops a crystalline phase corresponding to the titanium oxide anatase phase. We have accurately determined the layer thickness, refractive index and extinction coefficient of the TiO₂ thin films by the ellipsometric analysis. The optical gap decreases from 3.9 to 3.5 eV when the annealing temperature increases. Photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ films was studied by monitoring the degradation of aqueous methylene blue under UV light irradiation and was observed that films annealed above 350 °C had good photocatalytic activity which is explained as due to the structural and morphological properties of the films.     

Effect of substrate temperature on structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films

Titanium dioxide （TiO2） films with anatase structure were prepared on quartz glass substrates by pulse laser ablating titanium （99.99%） target under oxygen pressure of 10 Pa at substrate temperature of 500-800 ℃. The structural properties of the films were characterized by X-ray difffactometry（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS） and field emission scan electron microscopy（FESEM）. The results show that, as the substrate temperature is increased from 600 ℃ to 800 ℃, the anatase structure of the films changes from random growth to （211）-oriented growth. The absorption edge tested by UV-Vis Spectrometer has a blue shift. The photocatalytic activity of the films was tested on the degradation of methyl orange. It is found that the film with random growth structure exhibits better photo-degradation efficiency than that with （211）-oriented growth structure.     

Fabrication of anatase-type TiO2 films by reactive pulsed laser deposition for photocatalyst application

TiO₂ films having anatase crystal structure were prepared on glass substrates by reactive pulsed laser deposition using a metallic Ti target in an O₂ gas ambient. At a fixed substrate temperature of 400 °C, the crystalline structure, surface morphology, optical properties and photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ films were greatly affected by the O₂ gas pressure. It was found that nearly pure anatase-phase TiO₂ film can be obtained under an O₂ pressure of 15 Pa, which had smallest grain size among the films deposited under various O₂ gas pressure from 5 to 30 Pa. This film also showed good optical transmittance between the wavelength of 200 and 800 nm and high photocatalytic efficiency on the decomposition of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Discussions were given to explain the experimental phenomena.     

Influence of V~(5+) Ions on Photocatalytic Activity of TiO_2 Films Prepared by Micro-plasma Oxidation Method

Microporous titanium dioxide thin films have been fabricated on titanium plates by the micro-plasma oxidation method with the electrolyte of Na3PO4+Na2B4O7. The influence of V5+ ions addition in the electrolyte on the photocatalytic activities was investigated. A kind of typical textile industry pollutant (methylene blue) was used to evaluate the photo-catalytic activity of the films. The results showed that this activity of the films had been improved by adding V5+ ions into the electrolyte solution. The removal of methylene blue reaches 90% for 60 min when V5+ ions addition concentrate is 0.3 g/L. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques were applied to characterize the modified films. Experimental results show that the improvement in activity was related to the forming of titanium dioxide lattice distortion, which could accept more photoexcitated holes and produce more strong surface free radicals to oxidate adsorptive molecules.     

Preparation of Sn4+-Doped Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Films on 304 Stainless Steel by Duplex Treatment

Sn⁴⁺-doped titanium dioxide photocatalytic films were synthesized on 304 stainless steel (SS) by a duplex treatment. The SS substrates were alloyed with titanium (Ti) through cathodic-arc ion plating followed by a microarc oxidation (MAO) treatment in different electrolytes. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the films surface morphology, crystalline phase, and composition, respectively. Photocatalytic activity was measured using an UV-Vis spectrophotometer. It was found that the films with a porous structure are mainly composed of TiO₂, which exists in an anatase and rutile state. Furthermore, small quantities of SnO₂ have been found in the Sn⁴⁺-doped titanium dioxide films. The fraction of anatase varies with the MAO time and electrolytes, whereas the pore size remains the similar with the same MAO current intensity and density and the surface roughness increases slightly with increasing MAO time. It was also found that the photocatalytic activity of the Sn⁴⁺-doped porous film improved, and the film synthesized with a shorter MAO time in a lower Na₂SnO₃-containing electrolyte is superior to the films with longer MAO times and higher Na₂SnO₃ concentrations.     

Morphology and photocatalytic performance of nano-sized TiO_2 prepared by simple hydrothermal method with different pH values

pH value is a key factor in the preparation of nano-sized TiO_2 with hydrothermal method. Using Ti(SO_4)_2 as the titanium source, H_2O_2 as the complexing agent, NaOH and HCl as the pH value regulator, nanosized TiO_2 powder with various morphologies and sizes was synthesized. Changes in morphology, size and phase type with pH values of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. Results show that under the present preparation conditions, TiO_2 powder is an anatase phase with pH value less than 11, but is more likely to be a brookite phase with pH value more than 11. With the increase in pH value from 1 to 11 in hydrothermal environment, nano-sized anatase TiO_2 gradually grows up in all directions.{001},{101}and{100}groups of crystal plane are the exposed crystal planes of nano-sized anatase TiO_2for the (004),(101) and (200) facets found in high-resolution TEM image. The photocatalytic performance of nano-sized TiO_2 with different morphologies was compared by measuring their photocatalytic degradation rates for methylene blue under ultraviolet light. Results show that anatase TiO_2 prepared under the alkalescenthydrothermal environment (pH=9, 11) has a better photocatalytic degrading performance. Different sizes and phases of nanoscaled TiO_2 powders with different photocatalytic performances can be prepared by the control of pH value of hydrothermal solutions.