Bioactivity of bioresorbable composite based on bioactive glass and poly-L-lactide

Bioactive and bioresorbable composite was fabricated by a solvent evaporation technique using poly-L-lactide（PLLA） and bioactive glass （average particle size： 6.8μm）. Bioactive glass granules are homogeneously distributed in the composite with microcrack structure. The formation of hydroxyapatite（HA） on the composite in simulated body fluid（SBF） was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and Raman spectra. Rod-like HA crystals deposit on the surface of PLLA/bioactive glass composite after soaking for 3 d. Both rod-like crystals and HA layer form on the surface for 14 d in SBF. The high bioactivity of PLLA/bioactive glass composite indicates the potential of materials for integration with bone.     

Preparation of Ni-CNT composite coatings on aluminum substrate and its friction and wear behavior

Nickel-carbon nanotube(CNT) composite coatings with a Zn-Ni interlayer were prepared by electrodeposition technique on aluminum substrate. The effects of CNT concentration in plating bath on the volume fraction of CNTs in the deposits and the coating growth rate were investigated. The friction and wear behavior of the Ni-CNT composite coatings were examined using a pitt-on-disk wear tester under dry sliding eonditions at a sliding speed of 0.062 3 m/s and load range from 12 N to 150 N. Because of the reinforcement of CNTs in the composite coatings, at lower applied loads, the wear resistance was improved with increasing volume fraction of CNTs. Since cracking and peeling occur on the worn surface, the wear rates of composite coatings with high volume fraction of CNTs increase rapidly at higher applied loads. The friction coefficient of the composite coatings decreases with the increasing volume fraction of CNTs due to the reinforcement and self-lubrication of CNTs.     

Jarosite-type precipitates mediated by YN22, Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, and their influences on strain

To have a better understanding on the properties of the jarosite-type precipitate synthesized by Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, the evolution of the S. thermosulfidooxidans-mediated precipitation and the influence of the precipitate on this species, a newly isolated strain （YN22） ofS. thermosulfidooxidans was cultured in a medium containing Fe^2＋ as energy source under optimal conditions （pH 1.5, 53 ℃, 0.2 g/L yeast extract, 30 g/L Fe2SO4·7H2O and 170 r/min）, added with or without glass beads. Remarkable differences were found in the oxidation rate of Fe^2＋, the precipitate yield ofjarosite-type compounds and the population density between the two groups of cultures. The group with glass beads has a 6 h faster Fe^2＋ oxidation, 6 h earlier precipitation, 78% higher precipitate yield and much lower population density than those without glass beads. XRD, EDS, FTIR and SEM analysis reveals that the precipitates originated from both groups are a mixture of potassium jarosite and ammoniojarosite, with morphological features similar to the latter. The results of the test referring to influence of the precipitates on YN22 show that the precipitate from the group without glass beads has no apparent influence on Fe^2＋ oxidation rate of YN22 and only a limited influence on growth of the strain, whereas that from the group with glass beads remarkably inhibits the growth and Fe^2＋ oxidation ability of YN22 when a precipitate content over 4 g/L is used.     

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Analysis of ZnS Nanorod Fabricated Using Butterfly Wings as Biotemplate

This article describes the growth of zinc sulfide(ZnS) nanorod on glass/aluminum foil by employing butterfly wings as biotemplate. Upon calcinating(at 400 °C), the butterfly wings soaked in ZnS nanoparticle suspension, with uniform cage-like nanostructures in nanodimensions, were found on glass/aluminum surface. The transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the nanorods were evaluated from scanning electron microscopy micrographs as 132 and 159 nm,respectively. Purity of the ZnS nanorod found on the specimen was checked by recording XRD(28.877°, 48.038°, and57.174°) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer spectra(663.7 and 551.68 cm-1). Luminescence natures of the nanorods were examined using photoluminescence spectral studies. The characteristic emission peak is shown in the visible region with strong intensity, while the excitation peak is shown at 267 nm. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis of ZnS nanorod exhibits double-layer capacitance value(Cdl= 6.7 nF), and the Bode plot explains the stability of ZnS nanorod under the influence of electrical field.     

CRYOGENIC PROPERTIES OF AI-SiC COMPOSITES AND EFFECT OF MATRIX CHARACTERISTICS AND REINFORCEMENT TYPE

The tensile tests on the silicon carbide whisker and partieulate reinforced 2124Al and 2024Al alloy composites fabricated by p/m technique were carried out at the tempera-tures ranging from room temperature to-196C,and the fracture surfaces were examined.The cryogenic strength of the composites incredses with the decreasing test temperature.Clean interface is beneficial to the improvement in cryogemc strength of the composites.The effect of the interface characteristies on the particulate composite is less than that on the whisker composite.With the decreasing temperature,the increase in strength of the whisker composite is more than that or the particulatc composite,which could beattributed to different strengthening mechanism.     

Preparation and properties of tungsten-doped indium oxide thin films

Tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The effects of sputtering power and growth temperature on the structure, surface morphology, optical and electrical properties of IWO thin films were investigated. The thickness and surface morphology of the films are both closely dependent on the sputtering power and the substrate temperature. The transparency of the films decreases with the increase of the sputtering power but is not seriously influenced by substrate temperature. All the IWO thin film samples have high transmittance in near-infrared spectral range. With either the sputtering power or the growth temperature increases, the resistivity of the film decreases at the beginning and increases after the optimum parameters. The as-deposited IWO films with minimum resistivity of 6. 4× 10-4 Ω·cm were obtained at a growth temperature of 225 ℃ and sputtering power of 40 W, with carrier mobility of 33. 0 cm2· V-1·s-1 and carrier concentration of 2. 8× 1020 cm-3 and the average transmittance of about 81％ in near-infrared region and about 87％ in visible region.     

Improvement of strength of B／Al composite by thermal-mechanical cycling

The mechanical properties of B/Al composite were measured at room temperature in the as-fabricated condition and after thermal-mechanical cycling(TMC). The effects of TMC on microstructure and tensile fracture behavior of B/Al composite were studied using transmission electron microscope(TEM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The fibers/matrix interfaces are degraded during TMC, the extent of which is enhanced with increasing the cycles, causing a measurable decrease of stage I modulus of the B/Al composite. The TMC induces the dislocation generation in the aluminum matrix and the dislocation density increases with the cycles. The synergistic effect of the matrix strengthening and the interracial degradation during TMC is found to play an important role in controlling the changes of tensile strengths and fracture behavior of the composite. The ultimate tensile strength of the composite increases with the cycles increasing. The interfaces in the B/Al composite change from the stronglybonded states toward the appropriately-bonded ones with increasing the cycles. TMC will provide an approach of improving the strength of B/Al composites.     

Growth and surface properties of new thermoacidophilic Archaea strain Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 grown on different substrates

The growth and surface properties of new thermoacidophilic Archaea strain Acidianus manzaensis YN-25 isolated from an acid hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China were investigated cultured on different substrates including soluble substrate ferrous sulfate and nonsoluble solid substrates S^0, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The growth characteristics of the cells in each substrate were characterized with the changes in cell number, pH, Eh, and concentrations of Fe^2＋ or SO4^2- , or ratios of [Fe^2＋] to [Fe^3＋], and the surface properties were characterized and analyzed in terms of Zeta-potential, hydrophobicity, and surface FT-IR spectra of the cells. The results show that the cells grown on solid substrates have higher value of isoelectric points. They are more hydrophobic and express more surface proteins than ferrous sulfate grown cells.     

Ni-Based Metallic Glass Composites Containing Cu-Rich Crystalline Nanospheres

In this work, a quaternary Ni–Cu–Nb–Ta system has been designed to obtain composite microstructure with spherical crystalline Cu-rich particles embedded in amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The alloy samples were prepared by using singleroller melting-spinning method. The microstructure and thermal properties of the as-quenched alloy samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. It shows that the spherical crystalline Cu-rich particles are embedded in the amorphous Ni-rich matrix. The average size of the Cu-rich particles is strongly dependent upon the Cu content. The effect of the alloy composition on the behavior of liquid–liquid phase separation and microstructure evolution was discussed. The phase formation in the Ni-based metallic glass matrix composite was analyzed.     

Influence of vacuum heat treatment on structure and micro-hardness of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coating

The electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were prepared and the influence of vacuum heat treatment on its structure and properties was analyzed. The Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were characterized by morphology, structure and micro-hardness. The morphology and structure of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffractometry （XRD）, respectively. A great deal of particles incorporation and uniform distribution were found in Ni-P-SiC composite coatings. XRD results show a broad peak of nickel and low intensity SiC peaks present on as-deposited condition. Micro-hardness of as-deposited Ni-P-SiC composite coatings is improved greatly, and the best micro-hardness is obtained after heat treatment in a high vacuum at 400 ℃.     

Electrophoretic deposition of bioactive glass/polymer composite coatings with and without HA nanoparticle inclusions for biomedical applications

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) methods have been developed for the fabrication of composite bioactive glass–hydroxyapatite (HA)–chitosan and bioactive glass–HA–alginate composite coatings. Two different strategies have been utilized, which are based on the use of cationic chitosan and anionic alginate biopolymers. The mechanism of cathodic deposition of chitosan is based on the pH increase at the cathode surface, whereas the pH decrease at the anode surface enabled the deposition of alginate coatings. The use of chitosan and alginate enabled the electrosteric stabilization and deposition of bioactive glass and HA particles. Composite coatings were obtained on various conductive substrates and studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition of the coatings can be varied by variation of bioactive glass and HA concentrations in the suspensions. The proposed method offers the advantages of room temperature fabrication of bioactive composite coatings that are suitable for biomedical applications.     

Flame Spray Deposition of Titanium Alloy-Bioactive Glass Composite Coatings

Powders of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and bioactive glass (45S5) were deposited by flame spraying to fabricate composite porous coatings for potential use in bone fixation implants. Bioactive glass and titanium alloy powder were blended and deposited in various weight fractions under two sets of spray conditions, which produced different levels of porosity. Coatings were characterized with cross-sectional optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Immersion testing in simulated body fluid (SBF) was conducted for 0, 1, 7, and 14 days. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was found on the bioactive glass-alloy composite coatings after 7 days of immersion; no HA was observed after 14 days on the pure titanium alloy control coating. The HA formation on the alloy-bioactive glass composite coating suggests that the addition of bioactive glass to the blend may greatly increase the bioactivity of the coating through enhanced surface mineralization.     

TiO2-Bioactive Glass Nanostructure Composite Films Produced by a Sol-Gel Method: In Vitro Behavior and UV-Enhanced Bioactivity

The aim of this study is to develop TiO₂, titania, -based composite films for 316 stainless steel substrate and to improve their apatite-forming activity. A series of sol-gel derived bioactive glass (49S) and bioactive glass (49S)-TiO₂ films were deposited on the 316L stainless steel substrates by the spin-coating method. Amorphous bioactive glass (49S) film and polycrystalline titania-bioactive glass composite films were obtained after annealing the deposited layers at 600 °C. The microstructure and in vitro bioactivity of the composite films as well as the effect of titania nanopowder content and ultra violet (UV) irradiation on the in vitro bioactivity were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). While bioactivity tests are often carried out within 28-day periods, SEM and EDS data show that, after soaking in SBF for just 7 days, the prepared composite surfaces are covered with an apatite layer. The grown apatite layer consists of spherulites formed by nanosized needle-like aggregates. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations confirm apatite formation and suggest that the formed apatite is carbonated.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of titanium/biodegradable-polymer FGM for bone tissue fabricated by spark plasma sintering method

Ti and Ti alloys are widely used as metallic implants, because of their good mechanical properties and nontoxic behavior. However, they have problems as the implant-materials, namely, high Young's modulus comparing that of bone and low bonding ability with bone. There is a need to develop the Ti and Ti alloys with lower Young's modulus and good bonding ability. In previous study, Ti composite containing biodegradable poly-l-lactic-acid (PLLA) fiber has been fabricated to improve these problems. However, this composite has low strength because of the imperfect sintering of Ti matrix. To improve its strength, sintering of Ti matrix should be completed. In this study, Ti–NaCl composite material was fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method using powder mixture of Ti and NaCl to complete the sintering of Ti matrix. To obtain porous Ti samples, Ti–NaCl composite were put into hot water of 317 K. The porous Ti was dipped into PLLA melt in order to introduce PLLA into the pores of porous Ti. Finally, Ti/PLLA composite was obtained, and PLLA plays a role as reinforcement of Ti matrix. It was found that the Ti/PLLA composite has gradient structure and mechanical properties.     

微纳米生物活性玻璃的细胞基因激活性能研究

微纳米生物材料目前已成为生物医用材料领域一个研究热点和难点。大量研究表明具有微纳米结构特征的生物材料表现出了积极的生物学响应。生物活性玻璃（BG）具有较高的生物活性、生物相容性,是一类重要的骨修复材料。而微纳米生物活性玻璃（MNBG）因其具有特殊的形态结构和理化性能,引起众多研究者的关注。但是目前对MNBG的研究还主要集中在制备、表征以及其表面类骨羟基磷灰石矿物在SBF溶液中的形成活性等方面,关于MNBG的细胞相容性以及基因激活性能方面的研究还鲜有报道。通过溶胶一凝胶法结合模板仿生技术合成了具有特殊微纳米结构和形态的MNBG,并将其浸提液与MG-63细胞共培养,研究生物玻璃溶出物对细胞增殖,成骨相关基因和蛋白表达的影响,结果证明相比于传统的熔融法制备的生物玻璃（45S5）浸提液,MNBG浸提液能够明显促进细胞增殖,激活细胞成骨相关基因,上调相关蛋白的表达,为设计和制备具有基因介导作用的新型生物活性玻璃骨修复材料提供了理论依据。     

不同镁合金支架材料MAO/PLLA复合膜研究

两种系列的镁合金WE42与AM20微弧氧化(MAO)后用浸渍法对微弧氧化膜进行聚乳酸(PLLA)封孔处理制备复合涂层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析微弧氧化膜及聚乳酸封孔膜的表面形貌及结构,X射线衍射(XRD)分析微弧氧化膜的主要成分为MgSiO3和SiO2,通过腐蚀失重测定试样的失重率.在37℃的hank's模拟体液中测...     

复合活化处理镍钛合金及磷灰石层的仿生沉积

利用H2O2和NaOH溶液对近等原子比NiTi记忆合金（SMA）进行复合活化处理,并采用XRD,SEM,XPS,FTIR等研究了活化处理后NiTi SMA的表面结构及其在模拟体液（SBF）中磷灰石涂层的仿生沉积过程.结果表明：复合活化处理后NiTi SMA表面为贫Ni、富含Ti-OH的蠕虫状活性层,由结晶度较低的TiO2,钛酸纳（Na2TiO3）及少量的Ni2O3组成,在SBF中表面活性层诱导磷灰石形核及生长,短期内在镍钛基体表面获得了理想的磷灰石层.     

Biodegradation behavior of polymethyl methacrylate−bioactive glass 45S5 composite coated magnesium in simulated body fluid

The biodegradation behavior of Mg, coated by polymethyl methacrylate as well as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)?bioactive glass (BG) composite was investigated. Electrophoretic deposition and dip coating techniques were adopted to prepare composite coating using a suspension of different percentages of the above two chemical materials. The deposited coatings were characterized using SEM, EDS, FTIR, and water contact angle measurements. Biodegradation behavior study of the coated Mg was performed using linear polarization, impedance spectroscopy, and immersion tests in simulated body fluid. The compact and homogeneous composite coating was developed as evidenced by electron microscopy results. The water contact angle measurement showed a 44° increase in the contact angle of the composite coated Mg compared to the uncoated one. The composite coating was covered by a bone-like hydroxyapatite layer after 336 h, indicating that the coating has an excellent in vitro bioactivity. The electrochemical testing results confirmed a significant reduction, 96.9%, in the biodegradation rate of Mg coated with the composite prepared from 45 g/L PMMA + 3.5 g/L 45S5 GB suspension compared to that of the uncoated one. Therefore, the composite coated Mg can be proposed as a promising material for biodegradable implant application.     

One-pot synthesis of magnetic and mesoporous bioactive glass composites and their sustained drug release property

A novel kind of magnetic and mesoporous bioactive glass (MMBG) composite with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles confined and dispersed in ordered mesoporous glass matrices has been prepared by a one-pot synthesis route of simultaneous evaporation-induced self-assembly of Ca, P, Si and Fe sources and subsequent reduction in an H₂ atmosphere. The MMBG composites exhibit the type IV isotherm curve with a well-defined step P/P₀ between 0.4 and 0.8. Ibuprofen storage and release experiments with these composites show adjustable loading amounts from 199 to 420 mg g⁻¹ and a sustained drug release property. A superparamagnetic behavior was identified and the saturation magnetization of the bioactive glass composites was found to increase at increased loading amounts of Fe species. The magnetic and mesoporous bioactive glass composites are believed to be potentially applicable for selectively targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia treatment of bone tumors.