钛合金表面恒流微弧氧化制备生物陶瓷膜的最优工艺参数研究

研究了以恒电流微弧氧化的方式在TC4钛合金表面制备多孔生物陶瓷层的较佳工艺和性能。利用响应曲面设计对恒电流微弧氧化各工艺参数进行设计,利用粗糙度仪、显微硬度仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等仪器分析检测了膜层的粗糙度、显微硬度、物相组成和表面形貌。讨论了在不同工艺参数下获得膜层的各种性能变化。研究结果表明:当Ca/P为1,正向电流为2.5A,时间为15min,频率为750Hz时,膜厚度为119.3μm,粗糙度为5.1μm,硬度为10407.8MPa(HV)恒电流微弧氧化制备的多孔生物陶瓷膜层表面孔隙分布较均匀、粗糙多孔。     

掺杂HfO2对钛合金微弧氧化膜层特性的影响

在电解液中添加HfO2对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金进行微弧氧化处理,通过表征微弧氧化膜表、截面形貌,膜层成分及电化学行为,并测量膜层厚度、硬度、粗糙度等参数来研究添加HfO2对钛合金微弧氧化膜层特性的影响。结果表明：添加HfO2后,微弧氧化膜层主要成分是Al2TiO5、TiO2和γ-Al2O3。较合适浓度的HfO2能促进成膜反应,改善微弧氧化膜的微观结构,提高膜层的厚度、硬度并降低表面粗糙度,且膜层试样具有双层膜结构,膜层试样的耐腐蚀性能好于原基体。HfO2浓度为3.0g/L时所获得的微弧氧化膜层综合性能最佳。     

电流密度对铝合金NH_4VO_3改性微弧氧化膜特性的影响

在NH4VO3添加量为1 g/L的Na2Si O3溶液中对ZL108铝合金进行了微弧氧化处理,研究了电流密度对NH4VO3改性微弧氧化膜特性的影响。利用扫描电镜观察了微弧氧化膜形貌,用能谱仪分析了膜层V、O、Al元素分布,用X射线衍射仪分析了膜层的相组成,测试了膜层厚度、硬度和微弧氧化电压变化曲线。结果表明,随电流的增加微弧氧化电压快速升高,导致微弧氧化膜厚度和硬度增加,改变了微弧氧化膜形貌、膜层元素分布及微弧氧化膜相组成。     

氧化时间对Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化膜结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响

在磷酸盐体系中采用恒压微弧氧化工艺对Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金进行微弧氧化,研究了不同氧化时间对微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌、硬度、粗糙度以及物相生成的影响,并对不同氧化时间的膜层耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着微弧氧化时间的延长,氧化膜表面微孔径增大,膜层厚度与表面硬度值先增加后又降低,膜层由金红石、锐钛矿及钙磷化合物组成,且主晶相为钙磷化合物,金红石及钙磷化合物含量均随微弧氧化时间的延长而增加;微弧氧化膜层表面Ca/P摩尔比值为1.56,接近人体羟基磷灰石比值,O/Ti原子比值为2.0,膜层表面主要组成为Ti O2;微弧氧化膜层腐蚀电位逐渐减小,腐蚀电流逐渐增大。     

2A12铝合金表面微弧氧化与性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在2A12铝合金表面制备了二氧化锆陶瓷层,研究了电解液中锆盐浓度对微弧氧化膜层厚度、粗糙度、形貌和耐盐雾腐蚀性能,并对微弧氧化膜层的物相组成进行了分析。结果表明,经过微弧氧化处理后,膜层主要由AlMg_2O_4、ZrO_2、Zr_2O和Al_2O_3相组成;随着锆盐浓度的增加,微弧氧化膜层的厚度和粗糙度逐渐增加,膜层表观从优转变为一般;锆盐浓度为18 g/L的微弧氧化膜层的微孔区域的腐蚀产物相对更少,微弧氧化膜层的耐腐蚀性能相对较好。盐雾腐蚀优先在微弧氧化膜层的疏松层开始,对致密层的影响不大。     

氧化时间对Ti6Al4V微弧氧化膜结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响

在磷酸盐体系中采用恒压微弧氧化工艺对Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金进行微弧氧化,研究了不同氧化时间对微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌、硬度、粗糙度以及物相生成的影响,并对不同氧化时间的膜层耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明：随着微弧氧化时间的延长,氧化膜表面微孔径增大,膜层厚度与表面硬度值先增加后又降低,膜层由金红石、锐钛矿及钙磷化合物组成,且主晶相为钙磷化合物,金红石及钙磷化合物含量均随微弧氧化时间的延长而增加;微弧氧化膜层表面Ca/P摩尔比值为1.56,接近人体羟基磷灰石比值,O/Ti原子比值为2.0,膜层表面主要组成为TiO₂;微弧氧化膜层腐蚀电位逐渐减小,腐蚀电流逐渐增大。     

蛇纹石复合微弧氧化膜层制备及工艺参数优化

采用微弧氧化技术,在电解质溶液中添加蛇纹石微纳米颗粒,在ZL109铝合金表面原位生长陶瓷层,制备蛇纹石复合微弧氧化膜层。采用正交试验法,通过测定膜层厚度、表面粗糙度和膜层中蛇纹石含量,以及扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析,对制备蛇纹石复合微弧氧化膜层的工艺参数进行优化研究。结果表明:双向恒压模式下制得的微弧氧化膜层表面微孔孔径较小,粗糙度较低,但膜中的蛇纹石含量较低;单向恒压和单向恒流模式下制得的微弧氧化膜层中蛇纹石含量较高,且单向恒流模式下制得的微弧氧化膜层表面裂纹明显减少;微弧氧化膜层中的蛇纹石含量、膜层厚度及粗糙度均随电流的增加而增加,随频率的增加而减少,随电解液中蛇纹石微纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增加;制备蛇纹石复合微弧氧化膜层优化后的工艺参数为:单向恒流模式,正向电流8 A,频率500 Hz,电解液中的蛇纹石微纳米颗粒浓度10 g/L。     

脉冲频率对A7N01P-T4铝合金微弧氧化膜微观结构和耐蚀性的影响

在硅酸盐和磷酸盐复合体系下,利用微弧氧化技术对A7N01P-T4铝合金进行微弧氧化处理。利用扫描电镜、EC-770涡流涂层测厚仪、sj-210便携式粗糙度仪和CS310电化学工作站等仪器研究了脉冲频率对A7N01P-T4铝合金微弧氧化膜微观结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随频率的增加,微弧氧化膜层表面孔径减小,熔融凝固物更加细小均匀,相应膜层表面粗糙度降低。厚度随脉冲频率的增加先增加后减少,500 Hz频率对应44μm最厚膜层。微弧氧化膜层能明显提高试样的耐腐蚀性,500Hz频率制备的膜层试样耐腐蚀性能最好。     

电流密度对铈掺杂铝合金微弧氧化膜性能的影响

在不同电流密度下制备了铈掺杂ZL108合金的微弧氧化膜,研究了电流密度对铈掺杂铝合金微弧氧化膜性能的影响。利用扫描电镜观察微弧氧化膜的表面形貌,采用能谱仪分析膜层元素,利用极化曲线评定耐蚀性,并对微弧氧化膜的厚度、表面硬度进行了测定。结果表明,随着电流密度的增加,氧化电压、膜层厚度均增加,而硬度先上升后降低;微弧氧化膜表面微孔数量及尺寸不断增加,最后出现块状凸起并有裂纹产生。Ce元素在微弧氧化膜表面的分布随电流密度增加而不断均匀。当电流密度为10 A/dm~2时Ce含量最高,此时微弧氧化膜耐蚀性最好。     

铝合金微弧氧化的研究进展

综述了微弧氧化技术的发展历程、成膜机理,论述了铝合金微弧氧化的特点。基于铝合金微弧氧化工艺研究现状,详细阐述了氧化时间、占空比、电压、电流密度、电解液浓度、基体粗糙度、纳米颗粒添加剂以及复合工艺等对铝合金微弧氧化膜层的组织与性能的影响。如电流密度会影响涂层的生长机理,使膜层的表面结构和内部缺陷产生较大的差异;采用不同的电解液所得到的膜层的厚度和粗糙度有明显的区别;在不同的电压参数下膜层的均匀性及膜层中微孔的尺寸大不相同;制备微弧氧化复合涂层以及采用纳米增强颗粒可使膜层的结构和性能有大幅提升。通过改变以上影响因素对铝合金微弧氧化膜层组织和结构加以调控,从而实现了对膜层性能的优化,如膜层的硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性、抗疲劳性能的提高。最后对铝合金微弧氧化的发展方向提出了展望。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.