氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备与性能研究

采用水热法结合固相反应法制备了氮掺杂TiO2光催化剂.以苯酚为降解底物,考察了不同煅烧温度下制备的光催化剂在可见光照射下的光催化性能.采用了XRD、UV-Vis/DRS、XPS等手段对制备的掺氮TiO2光催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:当固相反应温度为300℃时所制备的样品为锐钛矿相,当反应温度达800℃时开始由锐钛矿相转变为金红石相;紫外-可见漫反射光谱结果表明所制备掺氮TiO2在可见光区和紫外光区都有较强的吸收,而纯TiO2只对紫外光有较强的吸收;当反应温度为500℃时,可见光活性最大,对苯酚的降解率最大,在4h内对苯酚的降解率达到52.57%.     

H2O2在TiO2可见光催化反应中的作用机理

以锐钛矿、金红石及混晶TiO2作光催化剂,研究了H2O2在TiO2可见光催化反应过程中的作用机理.结果表明,H2O2在TiO2表面活性位吸附后可拓宽TiO2的光吸收范围至可见光区;通过对反应体系的荧光光谱分析显示,金红石型TiO2在H2O2存在条件下,经可见光激发可持续稳定产生羟基自由基-OH.光催化实验表明,往反应体系中加入H2O2后,3种光催化剂均能可见光催化降解苯酚,且金红石型TiO2显示出最高的催化活性,反应120 min对苯酚的降解率达80%;在TiO2可见光催化反应过程中,由锐钛矿型TiO2经一系列复杂反应产生H2O2,生成的H2O2虽只是一中间产物,但对污染物的可见光催化降解起决定性作用.     

N掺杂TiO2光催化剂的制备与表征

以饱和尿素溶液水解沉淀工艺制备水合TiO2，将水合TiO2在400～700℃的空气气氛下煅烧2h，制得淡黄色的N掺杂TiO2光催化剂。对样品的煅烧过程进行分析，采用XRD，TEM，BET及UV-Vis等对其物相、粒径、比表面积、掺氮量、吸光性能及可见光催化性能等进行测试和表征。结果表明：掺杂氮元素主要以形成配合物分子形式均匀分布在煅烧前驱体中，在TiO2从无定形转变为锐态矿型的过程中，掺杂氮元素以Ti—N化学键的形式进入到Ti02晶格中；该N掺杂TiＯ2光催化剂样品的粒径为10-30nm，比表面积为30～70m^2／g，掺氮量约3％，能吸收波长400nm以上的可见光；样品在波长主峰420nm的荧光灯激发下，反应3h后对2，4一二氯苯酚的光催化降解率超过40％。     

TiO_2可见光催化H_2O_2降解水中的有机污染物

以活性艳红X-3B及苯酚作模型污染物,研究催化剂晶型(锐钛矿和金红石)及H2O2对TiO2可见光催化性能的影响,并研究Fe3+在这一反应体系中的协同效应。结果表明:在H2O2存在条件下,锐钛矿和金红石TiO2均能可见光催化降解活性艳红X-3B,且TOC的去除率达65%,反应并不限于发色基团的破坏,但当TiO2的吸附点位吸附CO32?达到饱和后,则对活性艳红X-3B基本无降解效果;TiO2能可见光催化H2O2降解苯酚,金红石TiO2显示出较锐钛矿TiO2更高的催化活性,反应120 min后,对苯酚的降解率达80%,且反应体系生成的环状中间产物的浓度明显较锐钛矿TiO2的高;以Fe3+协同TiO2可见光催化H2O2降解苯酚时,反应效率显著加快,经20 min反应,对苯酚的降解率可达100%,而金红石TiO2显示更为明显的协同效应。     

氮硫共掺杂纳米TiO_2的制备与可见光催化活性（英文）

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,尿素和硫脲为掺杂剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备氮硫共掺杂纳米TiO_2光催化剂。用XRD、TEM、XPS和UV-visDRS对其进行表征分析。结果表明:在450℃空气气氛中制备的氮硫共掺杂纳米TiO_2粒子均为锐钛矿相,平均尺寸14nm左右。与相同条件制备的纯TiO_2比较,氮硫共掺杂TiO_2光催化剂的吸收边带明显红移,对可见光的吸收显著增强。在可见光照射下光催化降解弱酸性红染料的实验证明,氮和硫共掺杂可增强纳米TiO_2的光催化活性。     

云母负载纳米二氧化钛的制备及光催化性能

以TiCl4为钛源,NaOH为沉淀剂,采用水解-沉淀法制备出云母负载纳米TiO2光催化剂(TiO2/M),采用TG,XRD,SEM,UV等手段对所制备的粉体进行了性能表征;并以日光色镝灯为光源,研究了催化剂对甲基橙的光降解活性.讨论了材料制备过程中焙烧温度、光催化剂添加量、重复次数对光降解甲基橙活性的影响.结果表明:纳米TiO2物相为锐钛矿相和金红石相混晶,平均晶粒尺寸为10～30 nm,颗粒在云母表面形成均匀牢固的包覆层,制备的云母负载纳米TiO2光催化剂对200～370am的紫外光有较高的吸收率.经400℃焙烧2 h制备的光催化剂以5 g/L加入时,60 min对甲基橙的降解率达到80%;相同条件下重复利用3次,60 min对甲基橙的降解率仍然可高达49%.     

可见光响应掺氮TiO2的制备及对白血病HL60细胞体外杀伤效应的研究

采用硫酸钛与氨水反应制备掺氮TiO2。UV-Vis漫反射谱研究表明掺氮的TiO2在紫外区的吸收边明显红移（约20nm），并且在400nm-530nm出现新的吸收区域，光吸收阈值从380nm扩展到530nm。XPS分析表明，在TiO2掺杂的N为间隙态，而且还存在大量的氧空位。氧空位在导带下形成的窄带使得掺氮的TiO2在400nm～530nm出现新的吸收区域。用MTT法测量了掺氮TiO2杀伤白血病HL60细胞的活性。结果显示，无论有无可见光照射，掺氮TiO2对白血病肿瘤细胞杀灭效果明显好于未掺杂TiO2。     

焙烧温度对纳米Mo-TiO2可见光催化活性的影响

用溶胶凝胶法制备Mo掺杂TiO2光催化剂,运用TG-DTA分析了光催化剂在热处理过程中发生的物理和化学变化.UV-VIS光谱显示当焙烧温度为500℃时Mo-TiO2光吸收带边红移程度最大;XRD分析表明随着焙烧温度的升高,纳米Mo-TiO2晶粒粒径增大、金红石型的含量增高.亚甲蓝溶液的光催化降解结果表明,当焙烧温度为400℃时,Mo-TiO2可见光光催化活性最好.     

掺Ag量对绢云母负载纳米二氧化钛性能的影响

以绢云母为载体,采用水解-沉淀法制备出了绢云母负载纳米TiO2粉体（TiO2/M）,在粉体表面沉积不同量的Ag2CO3,经400℃焙烧,制得不同掺Ag量的绢云母负载TiO2光催化剂,采用TG、XRD、SEM、EDS、UV等手段对样品进行了性能表征;并以日光色镝灯为光源,甲基橙为模拟污染物检测其光催化活性,研究了Ag的掺杂量对粉体中TiO2晶相结构、粒度和光催化性能的影响。结果表明：纳米TiO2均匀负载在绢云母上形成包覆层,Ag的掺杂抑制了TiO2晶粒的长大,减缓锐钛矿向金红石相的转变,同时Ag的掺杂形成新的能级结构,随Ag＋/Ti4＋摩尔比的增加,样品对光的吸收边逐渐红移至440～520 nm,具有明显的可见光响应,当Ag＋/Ti4＋=0.05时,制得样品对甲基橙的光催化降解率是没有掺Ag的样品的1.5倍,相同条件下重复利用4次,该样品60 min对甲基橙的降解率仍然可达34%。     

氮和硫共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及可见光活性研究

以钛酸四丁酯、三乙醇胺和硫脲为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了氮硫共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,以XRD、DRS、PL、FTIR、SEM、TEM、XPS等手段对所制备的粉体进行了性能表征;并以日光色镝灯为光源,研究了催化剂对光降解甲基橙的活性.结果表明,除了700℃煅烧样品是锐钛矿和金红石晶型共存外,其它掺杂催化剂主要是锐钛矿晶型.不同温度煅烧的催化剂在波长低于550nm的可见光区域内都有高的吸光度.可见光光催化结果表明,500℃煅烧制得的掺杂氧化钛光催化剂表现出最佳的光催化活性,180min内对甲基橙溶液的降解率达到76.7%.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.