不锈钢纤维烧结多孔材料孔结构分形分析

借助分形几何理论研究了不锈钢纤维烧结多孔材料孔结构的分形特征.通过对不锈钢纤维烧结多孔材料的扫描图像进行数字化处理,并利用盒维法计算分形维数,研究了盒维法计算分形维数的影响因素.确定出分形维数与多孔材料孔隙度之间的定量关系,同时说明了分形维数的物理意义.     

Effect of Pore Structure on Performance of Porous Metal Fiber Materials

孔结构是影响金属纤维多孔材料各项性能的关键因素之一,为此研究了孔结构对其性能的影响规律。采用气流铺毡法和烧结技术制备了FeCrAl纤维多孔材料,利用SEM观察其微观组织,同时测试了其拉伸强度、透气性和吸声系数（声强为 90~140 dB,频率为1000~3000 Hz）。利用自主研发的分形软件计算了孔结构的分形维数。另外,研究了孔结构对多孔材料拉伸强度、吸声系数和透气性的影响规律,建立了拉伸强度、透气性与分形维数之间的本构关系。研究表明,随着分形维数的增加,抗拉伸强度呈线性下降,而透气性显著增大;在相同的声强和频率下,吸声系数随着分形维数的增加而逐渐降低     

Relationship between Compressive Strength and Fractal Dimension of Pore Structure

以粒度为38~150 μm的两种不锈钢粉末（不规则形状和球形）为原料制备了不同孔隙度的金属多孔材料,将其在真空炉中于1250℃进行烧结,保温时间为2 h。然后利用阿基米德定律和计算机控制万能力学试验机分别测试烧结试样的孔隙度与压缩强度,采用金相显微镜观察烧结试样的微观组织,最后利用分形理论计算孔结构分形维数,并分析了孔隙度、压缩强度与分形维数的关系。结果表明：分形维数随着孔隙度的增加而逐渐增大。另外,分形维数与孔隙度之间满足玻耳兹曼模型,而压缩强度与分形维数满足指数模型     

金属纤维多孔材料孔结构对其性能的影响（英文）

孔结构是影响金属纤维多孔材料各项性能的关键因素之一,为此研究了孔结构对其性能的影响规律。采用气流铺毡法和烧结技术制备了Fe Cr Al纤维多孔材料,利用SEM观察其微观组织,同时测试了其拉伸强度、透气性和吸声系数(声强为90~140 d B,频率为1000~3000 Hz)。利用自主研发的分形软件计算了孔结构的分形维数。另外,研究了孔结构对多孔材料拉伸强度、吸声系数和透气性的影响规律,建立了拉伸强度、透气性与分形维数之间的本构关系。研究表明,随着分形维数的增加,抗拉伸强度呈线性下降,而透气性显著增大;在相同的声强和频率下,吸声系数随着分形维数的增加而逐渐降低。     

一种稳定的分形维数计算方法及其在孔结构分析中的应用（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

盒维法是最常用的图像分形维数测定方法之一,具有计算强度低、计算效率高、结算结果合理等优点。但是盒维法容易受噪声、图像尺寸、盒子初始尺寸等因素的影响。尤其当图像尺寸不能被盒子尺寸整除时,计算结果不稳定,这将影响分形维数的计算以及孔结构的准确分析。本研究在讨论盒维法稳定性的基础上,通过自适应地选取一个阈值,并规定当盒子中包含的目标像素点大于该阈值时才计数盒子,有效地降低了噪声、图像尺寸等因素的影响,提高了盒维法的稳定性。实验结果表明,与一般的盒维法相比,改进方法更准确可靠,该方法可用于多孔材料孔隙结构的表征。结合面积分形和曲线分形的参数CL可以更好地表征孔结构的不规则度。     

多孔材料孔界面分形结构小角度X射线散射实验

简要介绍了用X射线小角散射分析技术测定多孔固体材料中孔界面分形 维数的理论,同时报道了应用这一理论对多种炭素材料和水泥石材料中孔界面分形维数的测定结果。结果表明,所有试样中孔界面均具有分形结构特征。     

一种稳定的分形维数计算方法及其在孔结构分析中的应用（英文）

盒维法是最常用的图像分形维数测定方法之一,具有计算强度低、计算效率高、结算结果合理等优点。但是盒维法容易受噪声、图像尺寸、盒子初始尺寸等因素的影响。尤其当图像尺寸不能被盒子尺寸整除时,计算结果不稳定,这将影响分形维数的计算以及孔结构的准确分析。本研究在讨论盒维法稳定性的基础上,通过自适应地选取一个阈值,并规定当盒子中包含的目标像素点大于该阈值时才计数盒子,有效地降低了噪声、图像尺寸等因素的影响,提高了盒维法的稳定性。实验结果表明,与一般的盒维法相比,改进方法更准确可靠,该方法可用于多孔材料孔隙结构的表征。结合面积分形和曲线分形的参数CL可以更好地表征孔结构的不规则度。     

超薄多孔钛板的分形表征

采用4种不同粒径范围的氢化脱氢钛粉末作为原料,采用松装烧结法成功制备出孔隙率为43.9%～46.1%、厚度为0.25 mm超薄多孔钛板。采用分形理论对多孔钛板SEM照片的孔隙面积进行分析,研究了孔隙分形维数与不同粒径制备的多孔钛板力学性能和微电阻性能之间的关系。结果表明,不同粒度范围粉末制备的烧结多孔钛板均表现出明显的分形特征,其孔隙分形维数值为1～2,且各分形维数相关系数高达99%以上。随着粉末粒度的降低,样品的分形维数及其相关系数也随之提高。随着分形维数的增加,多孔钛板的抗拉强度和微电阻也随之增加。     

射流电沉积镍中晶体形态的可控生长

利用分形理论编程模拟了射流电沉积中沉积几率较小时粒子簇的生长形貌。基于模拟的原理,利用摆动射流电沉积改变了枝晶的树枝状分形生长特性,制备不同电流密度、摆动速度、NiSO4浓度和电解液温度时的二维多孔交织的金属镍枝晶簇。结果表明:随着电流密度的增大,枝晶簇开始由分形生长形态向多孔交织形态转变,分形维数也随之增大。随着摆动速度的减小,枝晶簇向致密、均匀的多孔交织形态转变明显,分形维数逐渐增大。NiSO4浓度较小时,枝晶簇的分枝较多,形貌较为致密;NiSO4浓度最大时,气泡的析出量大大减少,枝晶簇的分枝显著减少,难以形成多孔交织的组织;分形维数随NiSO4浓度的变化先增大后减小;电解液温度的升高使枝晶簇的形貌向致密型转变,分形维数逐渐增大。     

基于自适应分形的射线图像增强算法

射线图像的主要特征是灰度对比度不强,人眼对其的视觉分辨或机器识别较为困难。利用图像各像素点的分形维数值作为加权值对原灰度图像进行增强,能够具有很高的灰度分辨率。但是其存在两个不足之处,一是对噪声非常敏感,二是其会使边缘粗化,因此提出了一种基于区域连通关系对H参数进行修正的新方法。该方法利用区域内中心点与周围灰度的连通关系,判断出其是噪声信号,背景信号或是边缘信号,分类对其分形维数进行修正,进一步对图像灰度值进行加权增强,取得较好的效果。仿真和试验结果证明,该方法既能保持分形对图像的高分辨率,又具有较好的抗噪性,适用于工业CT中的图像处理。     

Fractal analysis of granular ore media based on computed tomography image processing

The cross-sectional images of nine groups of ore samples were obtained by X-ray computed tomography(CT)scanner. Based on CT image analysis,the fractal dimensions of solid matrix,pore space and matrix/pore interface of each sample were measured by using box counting method.The correlation of the three fractal dimensions with particle size,porosity,and seepage coefficient was investigated.The results show that for all images of these samples,the matrix phase has the highest dimension, followed by the pore ...     

Fractal model for evaluating heat transfer of high temperature porous corundum shell in vacuum investment casting

The thin shell used in investment casting is a kind ofsemi-continuous porous stuff that consists of solid framewith fluid in the hole. Its thermal conductivity can directlyaffect the solidification of metal and thus affect the qualityof castings. Many people studied thermal conductivity andderived different models, in which only the pore size butnot the spatial structure of the pores were being taken careof [1]. Difference between these models is that the poresmay be considered as continuous o…     

Cross-scale characteristics of backfill material using NMR and fractal theory

This paper analyzed the pore structure, quantified the pore fractal dimension, calculated the grading index (GI) of mixed aggregate, and studied the relationship among GI, pore structure, and strength to describe the cross-scale characteristics of backfill, which is made from stone powder and cemented tailing. A series of experiments were conducted on stone powder cement tailings backfill (SPCTB). The GI formulas for mixed aggregates, containing stone powder and tailings, were derived based on the Füller theory. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fractal dimensions of backfills were derived using fractal geometry principles. Compared to the mesopore and macropore fractal dimensions, the correlation between micropore fractal dimension and macro-properties in terms of NMR porosity, pore structure complexity, uniaxial compression strength (UCS), and GI is the most significant. Macropore fractal dimension is generally correlated with UCS and GI and the other properties such as the shape of mixed aggregates also have an impact on fractal dimension. However, mesopore fractal dimension has no obvious relationship with macro-properties. Finally, the relationship between GI and UCS was studied, which contributed to improving backfill’s strength and optimizing gradation.     

树脂浸渍炭化过程中C/C复合材料孔隙演化

将炭毡预制体用化学气相渗法增密至1.0 g/cm~3后,进行树脂浸渍炭化增密.用压汞法测试了树脂浸渍炭化过程C/C复合材料孔隙率及孔径的变化,并与完全开孔条件下孔隙变化规律进行了比较.在此基础上,提出了树脂浸渍炭化过程孔隙演化模型,并用分形法进行了表征.利用SEM观察了不同浸渍炭化次数下C/C复合材料的孔隙形貌.结果表明:C/C复合材料树脂浸渍炭化过程中总孔隙率呈下降趋势,而0.04-6 μm范围的孔隙呈增加趋势,浸渍炭化过程不断有闭孔孔隙形成.树脂浸渍炭化过程孔隙演化符合分形,足一种自相似的填充演化模式,和本研究提出的孔隙演化模型类似,孔隙分形维数随浸渍炭化次数呈减小趋势.首次浸渍炭化后形成了大量的裂纹型孔隙,随着浸渍炭化次数的增加,裂纹型孔隙被逐渐填充,进一步验证了孔隙自相似填充演化模型的合理性.     

NMR research on deterioration characteristics of microscopic structure of sandstones in freeze–thaw cycles

In order to study the deterioration characteristics of the microscopic structure of sandstones in freeze–thaw cycles, tests of 180 freeze–thaw cycles were performed on sandstone specimens. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique was applied to the measurement of sandstone specimens and analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging. Then, the fractal theory was employed to compute the fractal dimension values of pore development of rocks after different freeze–thaw cycles. The results show that the mass and porosity of rocks grow with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles. According to the NMR T₂ distribution of sandstones, the pore sizes of rock specimens increase after 180 freeze–thaw cycles, especially that of the medium-sized and small-sized pores. The spatial distribution of sandstone pores after freeze–thaw cycles has fractal features within certain range, and the fractal dimension of sandstones tends to increase gradually.     

Preparation and characterization of porous magnesium materials

The proper spacer material and the preparation technology for biological compatible porous magnesium materials were explored by the powder metallurgy method, and microstructures, porosity and mechanical properties of sintered porous magnesium were investigated. The results show that compared with spacer materials of NH4CO3, NH3Cl and carbamide, NI-I4CO3 is the best one for preparation of sintered porous magnesium, and the worst one is NH3Cl. The isolated blind pores are formed mainly by the particle interval of the magnesium powders. Adding spacer material favors the formation of open pores, while has little contribution to the formation of blind pores. The overall porosity and porosity of open pore of the sintered porous magnesium increase with the increase of added spacer material, while decrease with the increase of the molding stress. The mechanical properties of sintered porous magnesium increase with decreasing addition of spacer material and increasing molding stress.     

粉末烧结和燃烧合成法制备多孔TiNiFe合金(英文)

采用粉末烧结法和燃烧合成法制备了多孔Ti50Ni48Fe2(at%)形状记忆合金。前者通过添加不同含量的造孔剂(NH4HCO3)来调节控制多孔合金的孔隙特性如孔隙形貌、孔隙度、平均孔隙尺寸;而后者通过生坯的孔隙度来控制合金的上述孔隙特性。通过两种方法制备的多孔TiNiFe合金的孔隙特性满足多孔植入材料的孔隙要求,是理想的多孔植入候选材料。     

Fabrication of Entangled Tough Titanium Wires Materials and Influence on Three-Dimensional Structure and Properties

Pure titanium (Ti) TA1 fibers/wires with 0.08 and 0.15 mm diameters were processed by a novel method that combined press forming, vacuum sintering (≥10^?2 Pa), and heat treatment to fabricate entangled Ti wire materials (ETWMs). The ETWMs exhibited a total porosity ranging from 44.2 ± 0.1 to 81.2 ± 0.1% and an open porosity ranging from 43.5 ± 0.1 to 80.9 ± 0.1%. The processing parameters of fiber diameter, formation pressure, sintering temperature, and sintering time were applied to examine porous ETWM morphology, porosity, pore size, and mechanical properties. The importance of primary factors controlling porous structure and porosity in ETWMs were found to be fiber/wire diameter > formation pressure > sintering temperature > sintering time. Furthermore, Ti fiber diameter was shown to directly impact pore size. High formation pressure resulted in a fine, uniform porous structure with low porosity. Sintering at high temperature for long-time periods promoted sintering point formation, resulting in neck coarsening. This effect contributed to the characteristic mechanical properties observed in these ETWMs. If the sintering effect is considered in isolation, ETWMs fabricated with 0.08 mm diameter Ti fibers/wires and sintered at 1300 °C for 90 min achieved smaller, more uniform porous structures that further exhibited improved connections among fibers/wires and excellent mechanical properties.