水性隔热涂料体系制备及应用研究

目的研制一种柔韧性良好的SiO_2气凝胶涂层。方法以SiO_2气凝胶为主要隔热填料,以水性树脂为基料,在多种功能助剂的配合下,制备轻质高效的隔热涂料,作为中间层漆与水性防腐底漆、水性耐候性面漆配套使用。结果以水性聚氨酯树脂作为基料,当气凝胶添加量为13%~16%时,涂层的导热系数能够达到0.05 W/(m·K)以下,涂层表面不开裂,综合性能较好。气凝胶隔热涂料与水性环氧防腐底漆、水性聚氨酯面漆配套相容性良好。结论将SiO_2气凝胶添加到有机树脂中,制备成具有有机成膜物柔性的水性隔热涂层,在力学性能优异的树脂包裹下,可避免其在形变时发生脆性断裂。涂料简单易行的施工方式,使其不再受被保护部件复杂形状的限制,从而极大地拓展涂层的应用范围。同时,涂层体系集防腐、隔热与装饰一体化,为高效防腐隔热提供了全新的解决方案。     

水性红外隐身涂料制备工艺优化

目的优化水性红外隐身涂层材料制备工艺,提高低发射率红外隐身涂料隐身性能。方法采用红外辐射率测量仪、红外光谱吸收仪等,研究涂层固化温度、涂层表面粗糙度和涂层厚度对低发射率红外隐身涂料隐身性能的影响。结果固化温度对涂层红外发射率和基体树脂红外吸收光谱影响不大,但随着固化温度升高,涂层固化时间明显缩短;随着涂层表面粗糙度的增加,涂层红外发射率增加;表面粗糙材料红外发射率受测试角度影响小于表面光滑材料;在基材上制备不同厚度的涂层,当涂层厚度小于30μm时,涂层红外发射率受基材表面红外发射率影响较大,当大于30μm时,影响较小。结论可以根据实际时间需求选择合适的涂层固化温度,宜选择刮涂方式使涂层表面保持一定的粗糙度,涂层厚度宜为30~40μm。     

相变涂层的控温性能研究

将具有可逆吸热/放热功能的高比热容材料以微胶囊形式进行包覆后,通过与树脂粘接剂的充分润湿和均匀分散,制备出具有吸/放热和保温功能的热控相变涂层。在相变涂层传热理论模型基础上,研究了不同微胶囊含量和不同厚度涂层的控温性能,并与普通涂层进行了贮热性能对比。结果表明,相变涂层的控温幅度可达到4～10℃。     

SiO2气凝胶绝热涂层隔热与耐高温性能研究

目的探究SiO_2气凝胶在绝热涂层中的应用,利用SiO_2气凝胶的低导热系数、低密度、高孔隙率及低折射率等优异性质,提高涂层隔热性能和耐高温性能。方法通过筛选不同类型的水性树脂和功能填料,选择吸热较少的树脂和隔热性能优异的填料作为绝热涂层的原材料。采用自制隔热装置以及导热系数测量仪,对添加不同质量分数SiO_2气凝胶的绝热涂层的隔热性能进行研究,并采用XRD、FT-IR等多种分析手段,研究涂层加热到200、300、400℃时的物相结构和基团变化。结果水性丙烯酸树脂含吸热基团较少,在相同光照条件下,平衡温度分别比聚氨酯树脂和环氧树脂低0.8℃和1.8℃,适宜作SiO_2气凝胶绝热涂层的成膜物质。涂层隔热性能随SiO_2气凝胶质量分数的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势,当SiO_2气凝胶质量分数为5%时,涂层的隔热性能最佳,同未添加SiO_2气凝胶的涂层相比,最大温差可达12℃。随SiO_2气凝胶质量分数的增加,涂层的耐高温性能提升,当SiO_2气凝胶的质量分数为7%时,涂层能在400℃高温下保持良好的性能。结论 SiO_2气凝胶对隔热涂层的隔热性能和耐高温性能有较大提升,对SiO_2气凝胶涂层的多领域应用奠定了一定基础。     

无取向硅钢环保绝缘涂层的制备与性能

目的寻求替代含铬绝缘涂料的环保绝缘涂料。方法采用水溶性磷酸盐和水性树脂自制水性涂料,在无取向硅钢表面制备绝缘涂层,研究其固化工艺,并与国内涂料进行理化指标和涂层性能(附着力、表面电阻、耐腐蚀性能、耐热性)对比。结果自制绝缘涂料无刺激性气味,稳定性好,使用寿命长,在固化时间20~24 s、固化温度480~520℃的条件下,可在无取向硅钢表面制得均匀、光亮的银灰色绝缘涂层。绝缘涂层附着力为A级,12 h中性盐雾试验腐蚀面积低于5%,在750℃高温退火2 h不掉粉,表面绝缘电阻为297Ω/mm2(1.0~1.2μm)。结论自制水性绝缘涂料为环保型单组分涂料,与国内绝缘涂料的涂层性能相当,满足国内钢厂产品技术要求。     

两种硅烷聚合物制造的常温固化防腐耐候水性工业面涂

用烷氧基硅烷聚合物和甲基/苯基硅烷聚合物,分别与水性氟碳树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂、水性醇酸树脂聚合,制成金属构件使用的常温固化型水性工业面涂涂料.该涂料的涂层通过与溶剂型聚氨酯油漆经480 h耐湿热和1 000 h光老化对比检测.检测结果表明用这种方法制成的涂料是一种防腐和耐候的水性工业面涂涂料.     

高紫外反射ZnO/SiO2复合粉体制备及其热控涂层性能研究

目的 以ZnO/SiO2复合粉体为填料，开展新型热控涂层制备方法研究，提高传统白色热控涂层的紫外反射率, 研制出具有太阳全光谱高反射性能的热控涂层。方法 以硫酸锌和硅酸钠为原料，采用常温化学合成与高温热处理相结合的方法制备ZnO/SiO2复合粉体，通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜及紫外可见分光光度计等仪器，对复合粉体的微观结构及光学性能进行表征。然后以ZnO/SiO2复合粉体为填料，以无机硅酸钾为粘结剂，制备了ZnO/SiO2热控涂料，通过不同颜基比和厚度的优化，得到了太阳全光谱(200~ 2600 nm)高反射白色热控涂层的制备方法。结果 研制的ZnO/SiO2复合粉体在紫外波段的反射率均大于88%，与传统ZnO粉体相比具有明显提升。当以无机硅酸钾为粘结剂、颜基比为2:1、喷涂厚度为100~140 μm时，所制备涂层在太阳全光谱呈现高反射特性，此时涂层的太阳吸收比为0.12，红外发射率为0.92。结论 ZnO/SiO2热控涂层具有优异的热控性能，与传统白色热控涂层相比具有更低的吸收比，同时在太阳全光谱具有高反射特性，可以满足新一代大功率卫星长寿命和高效散热的技术需求。     

表面接枝含氟树脂改性HGB的制备及性能研究

目的对中空玻璃微珠(HGB)进行表面接枝含氟树脂改性,以其为填料制备含氟树脂涂料,并进行性能研究。方法将中空玻璃微珠分别经NaOH溶液、硅烷偶联剂KH550、HDI三聚体、含氟树脂处理,并通过FTIR、SEM、EDS等表征手段对接枝情况进行验证。以制备的表面接枝含氟树脂HGB(F-HGB)为填料,制备了含氟树脂隔热涂料,研究了HGB改性温度、时间对F-HGB接触角的影响,以及HGB粒径、添加量、改性、涂层厚度对涂料的疏水性能、隔热性能、拉伸强度的影响。结果成功制备出F-HGB,50℃下接枝含氟树脂反应8h,F-HGB与纯水的静态接触角为149.21°。与HGB/含氟树脂涂料相比,F-HGB/含氟树脂涂料的疏水性能、隔热性能、拉伸强度均有较大幅度的提高和改善。当F-IM16K添加量为20 phr时,F-HGB/含氟树脂涂层与水的接触角为100°,模拟曝晒实验涂层试板温差为7.4℃,拉伸强度为10.39 MPa。当F-K1添加量为20 phr时,F-HGB/含氟树脂涂层的导热系数为0.0701 W/(m·K),同时涂层隔热性能随HGB粒径、添加量的增大而增强,拉伸强度随之降低,但表面改性能有效减小涂料拉伸强度的降低幅度。结论 F-HGB具有疏水、隔热、与含氟树脂相容性好的特点,可作为功能填料制备疏水、隔热、力学性能优良的多功能涂料。     

热等静压成形Ti6Al4V制件的石墨控形精度与Ni耐磨涂层性能的研究

热等静压粉末近净成形技术在航空航天发动机关键零部件制造上有其独特的优势,但采用传统不锈钢或碳钢为控形型芯材料时,往往会造成制件内部变形大、控形不精准,且此类零部件成形后还需后续的表面处理,大大增加了该零部件的加工生产周期。基于此,提出了一种热等静压成形复杂结构同时完成功能层在线制备的成形方法。该方法选用石墨为控形型芯材料,热等静压前在石墨表面沉积一层耐磨涂层,使热等静压过程中预涂层原位扩散到正在成形的制件表面,实现复杂结构与功能涂层一体化成形。以Ni作为预涂层材料、Ti6Al4V为粉末成形材料,研究了石墨的控形效果及致密体成形后表面Ni涂层的耐磨性能,验证了该方法的可行性。     

锌改性微弧氧化热控涂层的研究进展

航天器在轨工作时，由于处于独特的空间环境，将面对各种极端条件。因此为保障其安全稳定地运行和工作，在航天器结构材料表面构筑具有低吸收性能与高发射性能的热控涂层成为研究热点。微弧氧化(MAO)技术是一种新兴的热控涂层制备方法，具有操作简易、组成可调控性、涂层致密以及广泛适用性等优点，适用于制备长服役期高性能热控涂层。综述锌改性微弧氧化热控涂层的研究进展，阐述了材料热控性能的评价指标及热控材料的分类，重点概述了改性剂锌源种类(如Zn²⁺或ZnO纳米粒子)对微弧氧化过程、反应机理、涂层结构和组成以及热控性能等的影响。最后，针对原位构筑MAO热控涂层现在主要存在的问题进行了分析，并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis