纤维/NiFe2O4复合陶瓷惰性阳极的制备及性能

以高温固相合成法,采用两步烧结法制备镀铜碳纤维增强的纤维/NiFe2O4复合陶瓷惰性阳极,即先以NiO、Fe2O3、微量V2O5和MnO2为原料制备NiFe2O4尖晶石基体材料,然后以该NiFe2O4尖晶石基体材料和镀铜碳纤维为原料,采用冷压烧结法制备纤维/NiFe2O4复合陶瓷惰性阳极.研究镀铜碳纤维添加量对NiFe2O4复合陶瓷惰性阳极体积密度、气孔率和抗弯强度的影响.结果表明:添加镀铜碳纤维可以显著改善NiFe2O4复合陶瓷材料的性能,当镀铜碳纤维添加量为3%(质量分数)时,其体积密度比不添加镀铜碳纤维试样的体积密度提高约12%,其抗弯强度比不添加镀铜碳纤维的提高约22%.     

磷酸盐连接NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷的界面形貌和连接机理

针对铝电解用金属陶瓷惰性阳极材料与金属导杆的电连接困难问题,以Al(H2PO4)3为胶粘剂,CuO为固化剂,NiFe2O4陶瓷粉和Cu-Ag合金粉为填充料,连接NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷.通过分析Al(H2PO4)3与CuO的反应过程,观察磷酸盐连接NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷的界面形貌,探索其高温连接机理.结果表明:Al(H2PO4)3与CuO反应后生成的Cu-P-O化合物是主要连接物相;Cu-P-O化合物随温度的变化逐步发生一系列物相变化,并在960~1 000℃下逐步分解为CuO和P2O5;在不同热处理温度下,磷酸盐与NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷连接界面始终保持紧密结合状态:低温下连接层与金属陶瓷润湿性良好并依靠吸附作用相互连接,高温下连接层与金属陶瓷依靠互扩散作用相互连接.     

铁酸镍基金属陶瓷的强化烧结与熔盐腐蚀行为

采用气氛烧结方法制备NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷材料,并进行960℃的铝电解腐蚀实验.通过分析烧结体的显微结构和物相组成、电解试样的表层形貌与成分以及电解质和阴极铝的杂质含量等,研究BaO、Yb2O3和CoO的添加以及金属相的组成对NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷烧结性能的影响;表征J该金属陶瓷强化烧结体作为铝电解惰性阳极的电解腐蚀性能;并对材料强化烧结机制和熔盐腐蚀行为进行探讨.结果表明烧结过程中,BaO和Yb2O3与该金属陶瓷中的陶瓷相反应生成新的物相,CoO与陶瓷相形成固溶体,并加快烧结致密化进程;以Cu-Ni取代纯Cu和纯Ni作为金属陶瓷的金属相,可提高材料的相对密度;NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷的高致密度可抑制电解过程中金属相的流失和陶瓷相的腐蚀,阳极表层也转变为致密的NiFe2O4相.     

惰性阳极基体材料NiFe2O4尖晶石的研制

本文用Ni2O3和Fe2O3为原料制备了铝电解用惰性阳极基体材料NiFe2O4尖晶石,详细介绍了整个制备过程。通过对NiFe2O4尖晶石的含量、真密度以及开口孔隙率等重要指标进行研究比较,最终得出了制备NiFe2O4尖晶石最佳工艺条件,并用最佳工艺条件重新制取试样进行热腐蚀实验。     

Co-Ni-xNiFe2O4惰性阳极的电导率及耐腐蚀性能

采用冷等静压-烧结的方法制备了铝电解用Co-Ni-xNiFe2O4(x=5%,10%,15%,20%,质量分数,下同)金属基惰性阳极,并对试样的导电性和抗腐蚀性进行了研究.结果表明阳极试样的电导率随NiFe2O4含量的增加和温度的升高而降低,在900℃时惰性阳极47.5Co 47.5Ni 5.0NiFe2O4和42.5Co 42.5Ni 15.0NiFe2O4的电导率分别为550 S·cm-1和300 S·cm-1.SEM照片表明试样的抗腐蚀性随着NiFe2O4含量的增加而增强.由于氧化作用和铝热反应,电解极化腐蚀速率要比静态腐蚀速率大.     

基于GA-BP的NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷阳极优化设计

采用BP神经网络对铝电解NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷惰性阳极的电解腐蚀过程进行了系统辨识。建立了以Al2O3质量浓度、电解温度、分子比、面积比和电流密度为输入,腐蚀率为输出的网络模型。在材料的设计中,采用了GA-BP优化方法,BP网络参与GA迭代计算时对个体的评价。应用结果表明,NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷惰性阳极的电解腐蚀率预测结果与实测值吻合;优化设计的结果与实验值很接近。     

电泳-预氧化扩散处理法制备NiO/NiFe2O4涂层及其形成机制

先采用电沉积?电泳方法在Ni基体高温合金上制备电镀Ni/电泳Fe2O3复合涂层,再通过后续空气中进行的高温预氧化处理方法来获得NiO/NiFe2O4复合氧化物涂层。利用DSC、SEM、EDS和XRD等检测手段分析预氧化温度对涂层的结构、微观形貌、元素分布及相组成等影响,并对涂层形成的反应机理及预氧化动力学进行讨论。结果表明:经1 000、1 100和1 200℃下氧化4 h后,氧化膜中均生成NiO和NiFe2O4。氧化温度为1 000℃时涂层表面还存在没有参与反应的Fe2O3,但随氧化温度的升高,Fe2O3层随之消失。温度为1 100和1 200℃时氧化膜中的NiO、NiFe2O4相与镀Ni基体之间形成了冶金结合,并且通过扩散在NiO相内部形成了NiFe2O4析出相。Ni基体以及电镀Ni/电泳Fe2O3复合涂层在1 000℃预氧化时单位面积上的质量增加随时间增加,大体遵循抛物线规律,且电镀Ni/电泳Fe2O3复合涂层单位面积上的质量增加大于镀Ni基体的。涂层的厚度与氧化质量增加随预氧化扩散温度的提高而增加。     

铝电解惰性阳极基体材料的研究

本论文选用ZnO和Fe2O3、Ni2O3和Fe2O3与NiO和Fe2O3等不同氧化物，采用高温固相烧结法制备铝电解惰性阳极基体材料，通过对其烧结性能、导电性能及耐蚀性能的综合分析，得出试验结论为：采用NiO和Fe2O3合成的NiFe2O4尖晶石材料，其综合性能最好，且试样理论尖晶石含量为85％左右时，其热腐蚀率最低。     

电流密度对铝电解NiFe_2O_4基金属陶瓷惰性阳极腐蚀的影响

在Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3-Al2O 3熔体中,研究电流密度对22(Ni+Cu)/(NiFe2O4-10NiO)金属陶瓷惰性阳极腐蚀速率的影响,并分析腐蚀后阳极的微观结构。结果表明,随着电流密度的升高,NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷惰性阳极腐蚀从以化学溶解腐蚀为主逐渐转变为以电化学腐蚀为主,腐蚀率先降低而后增大。当电流密度从1.0 A/cm2增大至1.6 A/cm2时,阳极年腐蚀率从1.22 cm/a降低至0.137 cm/a;进一步提高电流密度至4.0 A/cm2时,阳极年腐蚀率增大到4.96 cm/a。     

铝电解用NiFe2O4-10NiO基金属陶瓷惰性阳极的耐腐蚀性能

制备铝电解用NiFe2O4-10NiO基金属陶瓷惰性阳极,并在实验室电解槽中考察其电解腐蚀性能。结果表明,电解过程中虽然惰性阳极在960°C熔盐电解质中表现出优异的耐腐蚀性能,但采用XRD、SEM/EDX和金相分析其物相组成和微观结构后发现,电解后阳极中的金属相发生了优先腐蚀,在阳极表面产生大量孔洞。NiFe2O4相中的 Fe 元素的优先溶解可能导致 NiFe2O4晶粒的不均匀腐蚀。溶解在电解液中的 Al2O3与阳极中的 NiO 或FeO 发生反应生成的 NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4相对 NiO 相的吞并以及体积膨胀,阳极表面形成致密的NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4保护层。因此,致密的NiFe2O4-NiAl2O4-FeAl2O4保护层可以阻挡阳极表面金属相的损失和陶瓷相的腐蚀。     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

New Zr6CoAs2-type compounds: Y6CoBi2, Ho6CoBi2 and Tm6CoBi2

Results of a powder X-ray diffraction investigation of new ternary compounds are reported. The compounds Y₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8312(1) nm, c=0.4144(1) nm], Ho₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8246(2) nm, c=0.4095(1) nm], and Tm₆CoBi₂ [a=0.8155(2) nm, c=0.4066(1) nm] crystallize in the hexagonal Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure (space group P6b2m No. 189). The Zr₆CoAs₂-type structure is a superstructure of the Fe₂P-type structure.     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Zur Kenntnis von RbBa3Ca4Cu3V7O28

Single crystals of RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ were prepared above the melting point of the reaction mixture. It crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry, space group C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ is the second member of a new structure type of the copper-oxovanadates. Ba²⁺ shows an unusual 12-fold coordination. The two calcium positions are coordinated by trigonal prisms and octahedra respectively. The copper coordination is characterized by a stretched square pyramid. The Cu²⁺ ions are outside the centre nearly in plane of the pyramids.

Zusammenfassung

Einkristalle von RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ wurden oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der Reaktionsmischung erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert hexagonal, Raumgruppe C_6V⁴-P6₃mc, a 11.1751, c 12.434 Å, Z = 2. RbBa₃Ca₄Cu₃V₇O₂₈ ist das zweite Beispiel für einen neuen Strukturtyp der Kupfer-Oxovanadate, mit 12-fach koordinierten Ba²⁺ -Ionen. Die zwei Calciumpositionen sind trigonal prismatisch bzw. oktaedrisch koordiniert. Die Koordination der Cu²⁺-Ionen ist durch eine gestreckte Pyramide charakterisiert. Cu²⁺ ist auβerhalb des Polyederzentrums nahezu in der quadratischen Fläche der Pyramide angeordnet.     

电弧喷涂制备Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层

在Q235低碳钢板上利用电弧喷涂工艺进行喷涂,以制得Fe65Cr20Mo7B3.5SiMn1.5W3涂层。喷涂材料为自行配制的丝材,按照35%的填充率将配好的粉填充到U型不锈钢外皮中,经过多道拉拔、挤压工艺制成Φ2mm的粉芯丝材。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、透射电镜对涂层的物相和组织形貌及成分进行了表征;采用差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度仪等设备对涂层的热稳定性及显微硬度进行了检测和分析。试验结果表明:涂层组织形貌呈典型的层状组织结构,由变形良好的带状粒子相互搭接堆积而成。涂层含有50.63%的非晶相,同时含有纳米级的晶相。涂层组织均匀、结构致密、孔隙率低,并且涂层硬度高达1040.5HV0.3,属硬质涂层,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.