B/Fe2O3共掺杂纳米TiO2可见光下的催化性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备B/Fe2O3共掺杂TiO2复合光催化材料,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(TEM)和紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对粉体进行表征。结果表明:催化剂以锐钛矿存在的纳米颗粒,直观地显示了物质的形貌,掺杂B能极大提高催化剂的可见光响应。以二氯苯酚(DCP)为降解物质,在紫外和可见光下分别研究了复合催化剂的光催化活性。掺杂B能使吸收光谱红移至可见光区,而进一步掺杂Fe2O3大大提高了催化剂的活性。     

氮掺杂及PEG包覆对CNT/S材料储锂性能的影响

以硫代氨基脲为氮源,用高温退火法对碳纳米管实现氮掺杂,利用PEG对掺氮复合材料(NCNT/S)进行外包覆。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明高温退火使氮有效地掺入碳纳米管中,而碳纳米管仍保持原本征形貌。电化学测试表明:掺氮后复合电极首次放电比容量明显提高,达到882.5 mAh·g~(-1),90次循环过后具有89.46%的容量保持量,而PEG包覆使掺氮复合电极首次放电比容量提高至1109.7 mAh·g~(-1),经过90次循环放电比容量仍保持在995.2 mAh·g~(-1)。这说明掺氮和PEG包覆均能很好地改善复合材料的电化学性能。     

酸浸浓度对高钛酸浸渣光催化活性的影响

以低浓度硫酸、高钛渣为原料,采用高能球磨复合水热法,在不同酸浸浓度下合成高钛酸浸渣(ALHTS)光催化剂。利用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气吸附-脱附等温线、差热-热重(TG-DTA)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和光致发光谱(PL)分析等对ALHTS催化剂的结构和性能进行分析和表征。在不同酸浸浓度下,通过甲基橙的脱色率来评价ALHTS催化剂的光催化活性。结果表明:当酸浸浓度为20%时,由于钙钛矿含量较高,ALHTS催化剂的硫酸钙含量较低,BET的比表面积最大,在紫外-可见区域的光吸收能力最大,电子-空穴对具有较低的再复合率。因此,ALHTS催化剂有较高的光催化活性。采用汞灯光照30 min,不调pH时甲基橙废水脱色率达到87.03%。     

镧-氟共掺杂二氧化钛结构及催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯、硝酸镧和氟化钠为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法对TiO2进行La及F共掺杂改性,以光催化降解亚甲基蓝为探针,考察掺杂组分对催化剂紫外光活性的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温氮气吸附(BET)、紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱分析(PL)等手段对催化剂的晶体结构、比表面积、带隙能及催化剂中电子-空穴对的复合性能等进行表征,尝试揭示掺杂组分对光催化活性影响的机制。结果表明,掺杂改性催化剂中,适量La和F组分的作用在于通过抑制催化剂的晶粒长大、减少团聚,同时降低带隙能且降低光生电子和空穴的复合几率,来提高催化剂的光催化活性。     

等离子复合处理制备光催化N掺杂TiO2薄膜（英文）

通过等离子合金化技术在不锈钢表面制备TiN薄膜,然后对TiN薄膜进行热氧化得到N掺杂TiO2薄膜。同时制备 TiO2薄膜作为对比研究。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及紫外-可见分光光度仪(UV-Vis)对得到的薄膜进行表征。XRD测试结果表明:经过450 °C氧化处理的薄膜中存在锐钛矿晶型的TiO2。经热氧化后薄膜表面均匀分布着尺寸接近的微小凸起物。TiO2和N掺杂TiO2的带隙分别为3.25eV和3.08eV。可见光下薄膜催化剂降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验结果表明:N 掺杂TiO2薄膜比未掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化效率明显高,可见光照射150min后对亚甲基蓝溶液的最终降解率为20%。     

等离子复合处理制备光催化N掺杂TiO_2薄膜(英文)

通过等离子合金化技术在不锈钢表面制备TiN薄膜,然后对TiN薄膜进行热氧化得到N掺杂TiO2薄膜。同时制备 TiO2薄膜作为对比研究。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及紫外-可见分光光度仪(UV-Vis)对得到的薄膜进行表征。XRD测试结果表明:经过450 °C氧化处理的薄膜中存在锐钛矿晶型的TiO2。经热氧化后薄膜表面均匀分布着尺寸接近的微小凸起物。TiO2和N掺杂TiO2的带隙分别为3.25eV和3.08eV。可见光下薄膜催化剂降解亚甲基蓝溶液的实验结果表明:N 掺杂TiO2薄膜比未掺杂TiO2薄膜的光催化效率明显高,可见光照射150min后对亚甲基蓝溶液的最终降解率为20%。     

稀土与过渡金属改性TiO_2光催化降解甲基橙研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土La和过渡金属Fe掺杂改性的Ti O2光催化剂用于降解甲基橙染料溶液,并借助X射线衍射(XRD)仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及固体光致发光光谱(PL)等测试技术对催化剂进行表征,研究La和Fe掺杂对Ti O2催化剂结构和光催化性能的影响规律。结果表明,掺杂稀土元素La、过渡金属Fe可有效降低Ti O2光催化剂的晶粒尺寸,提高锐钛矿相的含量,催化剂中均匀分散的镧物种、铁物种会增加Ti O2催化剂表面氧空位和缺陷浓度,Fe、La掺杂后Ti O2光催化剂对甲基橙的降解率分别提高约16%和约22%,且稀土La改性催化剂显示较好的循环稳定性。     

掺铜二氧化钛纳米颗粒的制备及其催化性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备掺铜量为0~2.0%(摩尔分数)的二氧化钛纳米颗粒。应用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和场发射电子显微镜(FE-SEM)技术对二氧化钛纳米颗粒的晶体结构、化学价态和形貌进行表征。样品的光学吸收性能用紫外-可见吸收光谱进行表征;其光催化性能通过在紫外-可见光照射下分解20 mg/L甲基橙溶液进行表征。结果表明,掺铜二氧化钛纳米颗粒具有比纯二氧化钛更优的光催化性能,尤其是铜掺杂量为1.0%的二氧化钛TiO2纳米颗粒具有最好的光催化性能。铜掺杂能提高二氧化钛在紫外-可见光区对光的吸收、减小电子-空穴对的复合,因此,铜掺杂使二氧化钛的光催化性能得到提高。     

EDTA修饰对Ru/Ba-MgO氨合成催化剂性能的影响及作用机理（英文）

利用超声-共沉淀技术制备了一系列EDTA修饰的掺钡纳米氧化镁载体(EDTA-Ba-MgO)及其负载的钌基氨合成催化剂(Ru/EDTA-Ba-MgO)。通过场发射扫描电镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、氮物理吸附、热重分析仪及H_2程序升温还原等方法对载体/催化剂进行表征。结果表明:EDTA的修饰作用改变了钡助剂与载体的作用方式,通过与Ba助剂发生络合作用形成了[Ba(EDTA)]~(2-),改变了Ba~(2+)的带电性质,使钡助剂在带正电荷的载体表面实现了直接吸附,从而更有利于对钡助剂在Ba-MgO中掺杂量及掺杂形式的调控,最终达到提高催化剂活性的目的。在10 MPa,10 000 h~(-1)和698 K的反应条件下,Ru/EDTA-Ba-MgO催化剂上氨合成速率达到69.31 mmol·(g·h)~(-1),比Ru/Ba-MgO提高了7.4%。     

紫外-可见光催化活性的硫酸铵改性含钛高炉渣光催化剂的制备(英文)

以含钛高炉渣和硫酸铵为原料,利用高能球磨法制备硫酸盐掺杂的含钛高炉渣(STBBFS)光催化剂。利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、热重(TGA)分析以及暗态吸附 Cr(VI)废水、光催化还原 Cr(VI)废水实验对 STBBFS 催化剂的物相、表面结构、光吸收能力、吸附容量以及光催化活性进行表征。结果表明:Cr(VI)在 STBBFS 催化剂表面上的吸附遵循 Langmuir 吸附等温线模型;掺杂硫酸盐后,STBBFS 催化剂的吸附容量增大为 8.25 mg/g;在 300 °C煅烧后,STBBFS 催化剂由于存在较高的钙钛矿含量、吸附容量及表面酸性,从而具有较高的光催化活性。     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.     

试论洋务派教师聘任的思想

洋务派在洋务学堂的办学活动中,为了解决西学专业学科的教学困难,采用了聘请外籍教师的应急措施.他们以真才实学,合同制管理作为主导思想,并认为这种解决师资的途径只是权宜之计,并非久远.从客观上看,洋务派的教师聘任思想有深刻的历史影响.     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

Analysis of microporous structure of carbon adsorbents in terms of the theory of volume filling of micropores

A methodology of using the theory of filling the volume of micropores when evaluating the porous structure of carbon nanomaterials and adsorbents, as well as describing the adsorption of different species, is considered. Potentialities of the mathematical means of a theory of filling the volume of micropores when differentiating homogeneous and irregular microporous structure of activated carbon, determining the micropores’ parameters (their volume and size), evaluating the degree of heterogeneity of microporous structures, and describing adsorption over wide concentration range are analyzed. The perspectives of this approach, based on the theory of filling the volume of micropores, in the prognosis of the microporous structures’ parameters and the activated carbons’ adsorbability in the process of their synthesis are demonstrated. Original Russian Text ? G.A. Petukhova, 2008, published in Zashchita Metallov, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 170–176.