高速激光熔覆铁基TY-2合金组织及力学性能分析

目的 通过与激光熔覆进行对比,探究高速激光熔覆铁基TY-2合金的显微组织及力学性能.方法 采用高速激光熔覆技术在27SiMn不锈钢基体上制备铁基TY-2合金熔覆层.利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计,对熔覆层的显微组织、物相结构及力学性能进行分析测试,对比研究高速激光熔覆与激光熔覆铁基TY-2合金熔覆层的显微组织和力学性能.结果 与激光熔覆层相比,获得的高速激光熔覆层均匀致密,无裂纹,孔隙与夹杂较少,与基体形成良好的冶金结合.激光熔覆层的组织以粗大的柱状晶为主,高速激光熔覆层的组织以尺寸为5～10μm的细小晶粒为主.高速激光熔覆层与原始粉末的物相一致,包含(Fe,Ni)、Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11和Fe-Cr等相.激光熔覆层与原始粉末的物相有所差别,高能量密度导致CaNi3C0.5金属间化合物的生成.高速激光熔覆层的平均硬度为604HV0.3,相比激光熔覆层(543HV0.3)提高了9.4％.结论 高速激光熔覆的总能量较低,为激光熔覆总能量的77.9％,其中高速粒子携带的动能占高速激光熔覆总能量的17.7％.高速激光熔覆可实现低能量下的高效熔覆,熔覆层的组织更加细小,成分更加均匀,硬度更高.     

激光成型钴基合金的组织及其耐磨性能研究

采用激光熔覆技术制备出钴基合金,通过SEM、EDS和XRD对激光熔覆Co Cr W合金微观组织和相组成进行了分析,通过硬度及耐磨实验测试了合金的耐磨性能。结果表明:激光熔覆技术制备的钴基合金组成相主要是M6C,M23C6,Cr Co金属间化合物和基体,不同工艺参数下钴基合金中各相形貌发生变化;激光熔覆钴基合金的硬度及耐磨性能均低于铸态钴基合金。     

激光熔覆和重熔制备Fe-Ni-B-Si-Nb系非晶纳米晶复合涂层

采用激光熔覆和重熔的方法在低碳钢CCS-B上制备Fe-Ni-Si-B-Nb系非晶纳米晶复合涂层。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、EDAX能谱及透射电镜分析涂层的物相、组织结构,运用显微硬度计、纳米压痕仪及摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的显微硬度分布、微观力学性能及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层的组织由表面至基体分为非晶纳米晶复合区、熔覆层与基体,其中,复合区为Fe2B、γ-(Fe,Ni)多晶和非晶相的混合组织;涂层的最高显微硬度达到了1 369 HV;涂层的平均摩擦因数为0.275;涂层的主要磨损形式是磨粒磨损和粘着磨损,具有良好的摩擦磨损性能。     

AISI1045钢表面激光熔覆FeCoCrNiAl0.5Ti0.5涂层的界面特性及摩擦性能

激光熔覆高熵合金涂层摩擦磨损行为的研究主要聚焦在涂层表面,鲜有对熔覆层/基体界面区域的摩擦学行为进行研究。为了提高AISI 1045钢的耐磨性,采用激光熔覆技术在AISI 1045钢基体表面制备宏观形貌良好、组织均匀的FeCoCrNiAl_0.5Ti_0.5高熵合金涂层。利用OM、XRD、SEM、EDS和摩擦磨损测试仪对激光熔覆FeCoCrNiAl_0.5Ti_0.5涂层的微观结构、物相组成、界面特性和摩擦磨损性能进行研究。通过对FeCoCrNiAl_0.5Ti_0.5涂层XRD图谱和元素分布分析发现,涂层主要由面心立方(Fe,Ni)相和体心立方相(BCC)形成的共晶组织及其中弥散分布着的Ni Al金属间化合物构成。硬度测试表明,从涂层顶部到基体,涂层、稀释区、热影响区和基体的平均显微硬度分别为518±20、561±63、473±81和217±12 HV0.2。涂层/基体界面区域生成了Cr₂₃C₆,在摩擦过程中会形成一层摩擦...     

Ti811表面TC4激光熔覆层中β相偏析行为研究

在Ti811合金表面,利用同步送粉激光熔覆技术,制备了TC4激光熔覆层。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱分析仪等手段分析了涂层组织和β相偏析行为。结果表明,涂层组织出现了典型的β相偏析现象,在涂层中以大块的暗色区域存在;涂层的非β相偏析区微观组织呈现出魏氏体结构,在α-Ti组成的晶界中分布着大量针状马氏体α′-Ti相和少量残留β-Ti相,纳米α_2相弥散分布在涂层中;涂层的β相偏析区域出现了大面积残留β-Ti相,晶界α-Ti相和针状马氏体α′-Ti相的特征和数量明显减少,主要是因为激光熔覆形成的熔池冷却速度极快,原始β晶粒来不及相变所导致。     

塑料模具钢表面激光熔覆WxC/Ni基合金涂层的组织及性能

采用TJ-HL-5000横流CO2连续激光器在2738塑料模具钢表面制备了WxC/Ni基合金涂层.利用金相显微镜、SEM、EDS、XRD、显微硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验机等检测设备研究了激光熔覆涂层组织及性能.XRD分析结果表明,熔覆层的主要物相有γ-Ni、W2C、WC、M23C6(M=Cr,Ni,Mo,W)、NiCr和Cr2O3等.金相显微镜、SEM和EDS分析结果表明,结合区为良好冶金结合,结合区为FeNiCrW合金,厚度为20 μm左右;基体对熔覆层合金的稀释度很低;熔覆层从界面向外依次分布着平面晶区、细等轴晶区、粗树枝晶区以及表面细晶区.显微硬度计结果表明,熔覆层的硬度值平均约900 HV1,是基体硬度的2.8倍左右.摩擦磨损试验结果表明,与基体相比熔覆层的耐磨性有了很大提高.     

激光熔覆Inconel718合金裂纹分析及裂纹控制研究

目的 针对K418合金表面激光熔覆裂纹萌生、元素偏析等难题，探究裂纹萌生与元素偏析之间的关系，利用后处理工艺进行裂纹的修复及偏析现象的控制。方法 在K418合金表面激光熔覆了Inconel718合金，以基体及熔覆材料的热物性参数和界面元素匹配性为出发点，对熔覆中裂纹的敏感性进行了分析。结果 合金元素的偏析造成了裂纹的萌生与扩展。基体热影响区裂纹的形成与热影响区内析出的块状碳氮化物有关，熔覆层裂纹与枝晶间析出的不规则链状Laves相有关。采用激光重熔工艺对熔覆层进行了后处理，试验结果表明，重熔后的组织致密，晶粒细小均匀，无裂纹及粘粉等明显缺陷。激光重熔减少了基体热影响区及熔覆层中因元素偏析产生的碳氮化物及Laves相的尺寸及数量，重熔后覆层的摩擦因数为0.55，比重熔前下降了49.5%，具有良好的减摩特性；磨损率为3.15×10-4 mm3/(N?mm)，比重熔前下降了37.5%，耐磨性能得到提升。结论 激光重熔技术可以愈合K418激光熔覆Inconel718合金的裂纹，并显著降低涂层的元素偏析程度。     

异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头形成过程及组织特征

对TC4和TC17异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头形成及接头组织特征进行分析,并测量了动态平衡阶段的界面温度.结果表明,在摩擦初期界面容易产生大的磨损颗粒,摩擦过渡阶段两侧基体材料产生大的塑性变形,大的磨损颗粒被细化,摩擦界面开始产生高温粘塑性金属;动态平衡摩擦阶段高温粘塑性金属被均匀的挤出界面形成飞边,焊后界面两侧组织被细化.测温结果显示,摩擦过程中界面温度超过1 200℃,高于两基体材料的相变温度,TC17侧焊缝中形成再结晶β晶粒,TC4侧形成典型的魏氏组织,焊缝两侧的热力影响区产生明显的变形,组织均被拉长.     

激光熔覆(Ni60+NbC)+h-BN@Cu涂层组织与性能研究

目的 通过添加铜包覆六方氮化硼(h-BN@Cu)粉末,改善激光熔覆Ni基NbC涂层的性能。方法 采用激光熔覆技术,使用添加不同质量分数铜包覆六方氮化硼的镍基碳化铌复合粉末,在45钢基体表面沉积镍基复合涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)设备,研究h-BN@Cu对Ni60/NbC的激光熔覆镍基复合涂层微观结构的影响,利用显微硬度计和布鲁克UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机及白光干涉模块,测量熔覆层的显微硬度、摩擦磨损系数和磨痕宽度。结果 熔覆层中的主相为Ni-Cr-Fe,除此之外还存在FeNi3、CrB、M7C3、NbC、M23C6、Cr2Nb等多种相。研究发现,添加的润滑相h-BN@Cu与硬质相NbC会发生部分分解,Nb原子和B原子进入熔池,与熔池中的Cr原子反应,生成CrB、Cr2Nb等,这些金属间化合物具有硬度高、耐磨性好等特点。当h-BN@Cu的质量分数为10%时,熔覆层的显微硬度为650HV1.0,摩擦系数为0.4,磨痕宽度为0.406 mm。结论 相比于不添加h-BN@Cu的Ni60/NbC熔覆层,添加h-BN@Cu的Ni60/NbC熔覆层的平均硬度略微下降,但熔覆层硬质相分布更加均匀,此时硬度仍为45钢基体硬度的3.1倍,摩擦系数降低约27%,磨痕宽度减小约21%。     

核阀密封面激光熔覆无钨低碳中钴合金粉末

在0Cr18Ni12Mo3Ti不锈钢核阀试样表面进行了FCo-5合金粉末的单道激光熔覆。研究了熔覆层的显微组织特征、相结构,并讨论了与显微硬度的对应关系。试验结果表明:具有无钨低碳中钴特点的FCo-5合金粉末激光熔覆层与基体达到了良好的冶金结合;熔覆层组织主要为γ-Co奥氏体枝晶、枝晶间大量共晶组织及原位生成的Cr23C6颗粒相;熔覆层横截面显微硬度曲线呈"类M型"分布,最低硬度值较基体提高了192 HV0.2以上;弥散分布的Cr23C6颗粒对提高密封面的耐磨性非常有利。FCo-5合金粉末熔敷金属符合核阀密封面堆焊材料的技术要求,可以替代高钴含量的Stellite合金,并有益于减少二次污染、降低核阀成本。     

电火花沉积 Fe 基涂层的组织及耐磨性能

通过电火花沉积技术在P20模具钢表面制备了Fe基涂层,利用SEM,XRD及摩擦磨损试验机等分析了涂层的组织结构、显微硬度及耐磨性能。结果表明:电火花沉积Fe基涂层组织均匀、致密;涂层中靠近界面处的组织为柱状枝晶,而涂层中上部组织为超细晶粒。涂层的平均硬度为637.1HV0.1,相比基体提高了1倍;涂层耐磨性优于基体,涂层中弥散分布的Cr7C3,CrB及Fe3C等硬质是Fe基涂层硬度及耐磨性提高的主要原因。涂层的磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损的微切削和疲劳磨损。     

低活化铁素体–马氏体钢搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能分析

文中对9% Cr低活化铁素体-马氏体钢搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织和性能进行了分析.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接头不同区域微观组织存在明显的差异.搅拌区内奥氏体的动态再结晶引起晶粒细化和马氏体转变,并且晶界M₂₃C₆相溶解,晶内M₃C相析出;热力影响区组织变化与搅拌区相似,但晶粒尺寸明显大于母材;热影响区和母材区均表现回火组织特征.搅拌区硬度显著提高,分布均匀;热力影响区硬度值变化较大;热影响区发生软化,其硬度值在接头区域最低.随着拉伸测试温度的增加,搅拌区的屈服强度单调降低,抗拉强度先增大后减小,而断后伸长率先减小后增大.     

Improvement of microstructural and tribological properties of APS carbide coatings via PTA surface melting

ABSTRACT

In the current study, WC-Co and Cr₃C₂-NiCr coatings deposited on 90MnCrV8 steel surface via an atmospheric plasma spray (APS) system were modified by the plasma transferred arc (PTA) welding method. Microstructural defects including micro-cracks, voids, pores, and non-uniform zones were determined in the APS deposited layers. The microstructural defects were terminated by the PTA melting process due to the dissolving pool at high temperature. Strong metallurgical bonding between the coating layer and substrate and columnar dendrites and inter-dendritic precipitates were observed during the PTA melting process. Following the PTA melting process, MC, M₃C, and M₇C₃ hard phases were formed in the coating layers. The hardness and wear performance of the coating layers significantly increased due to the PTA surface modification. The main reason for the significant increases in wear performance corresponded to the newly formed hard carbide phases and elimination of microstructural defects via the PTA surface modification.     

喷射电沉积技术制备Co-Cr_3C_2复合镀层的工艺优化

为提高微米级硬质陶瓷颗粒在金属基复合镀层的含量,制备性能优异的防护性镀层,采用喷射电沉积的方法在直流电压下制备了Co-Cr_3C_2复合镀层,利用控制变量法探讨了电流密度、固体颗粒用量、镀液流量以及喷枪移动速度等对镀层中颗粒含量及镀层性能的影响,并分析了各因素的影响机理。同时,分别采用能谱仪、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对复合镀层的成分、硬度和摩擦因数进行分析,最终确定了制备该复合镀层的较优工艺参数。结果显示:喷头移动速度对颗粒复合量的影响最为显著;颗粒复合量越大,复合镀层硬度越高、摩擦因数越低;在较优工艺参数下制备的Co-Cr_3C_2复合镀层的Cr_3C_2颗粒含量高达23.6%。     

TIG熔覆原位自生TiC-TiB2/Fe复合涂层

利用氩弧作为热源,以G302铁基合金粉、FeTi70粉和B₄C粉作为原料粉末,在Q235表面原位生成TiC-TiB₂增强的铁基复合涂层. 采用一系列的分析测试方法对涂层进行了表征,结果表明,氩弧熔覆过程冶金反应充分,熔覆层中生成了TiC,TiB₂和M₇C₃等硬质增强相;熔覆层组织呈现出由母材界面到熔覆层表面硬质相逐渐增多的梯度分布特征. 增加FeTi70和B₄C粉末比例提高了熔覆层硬度,质量比为G302:FeTi70:B₄C=6:3:1时,试样最大硬度达到976 HV0.1,是母材硬度的5倍左右. 在与GCr15钢对磨时,熔覆试样磨损量仅为Q235钢的1/30左右,熔覆层磨损表面基本无塑性变形痕迹,涂层中坚硬的TiC,TiB₂陶瓷相起到阻磨作用.     

Chromium carbide–CNT nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties

Chromium carbide is widely used as a tribological coating material in high-temperature applications requiring high wear resistance and hardness. Herein, an attempt has been made to further enhance the mechanical and wear properties of chromium carbide coatings by reinforcing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a potential replacement of soft binder matrix using plasma spraying. The microstructures of the sprayed CNT-reinforced Cr₃C₂ coatings were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were assessed using micro-Vickers hardness, nanoindentation and wear measurements. CNT reinforcement improved the hardness of the coating by 40% and decreased the wear rate of the coating by almost 45–50%. Cr₃C₂ reinforced with 2 wt.% CNT had an elastic modulus 304.5 ± 29.2 GPa, hardness of 1175 ± 60 VH_0.300 and a coefficient of friction of 0.654. It was concluded that the CNT reinforcement increased the wear resistance by forming intersplat bridges while the improvement in the hardness was attributed to the deformation resistance of CNTs under indentation.     

Wear resistance of laser-clad Ni–Cr–B–Si alloy on aluminium alloy

Using a 5 kW CO₂ laser, two kinds of plasma-sprayed coatings, Ni–Cr–B–Si and Ni–Cr–B–Si+WC alloys, were remelted on aluminium alloy. The wear resistance of both laser-treated samples and plasma-sprayed samples were investigated using a pin-on-disc sliding friction wear tester. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyse the abrasion phenomena of the samples and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to study the microstructure of the laser-clad zone. Experimental results showed that the laser-clad samples had double the wear resistance of the plasma-sprayed samples, and that the laser-clad Ni–Cr–B–Si sample exhibited the highest wear resistance. The results of wear surface analysis showed that the microstructure of the alloyed layer of the laser-clad samples was quite compact and the surfaces were also very smooth, and there was less peeling phenomenon of the granules. The microstrucutre of the plasma-sprayed sample was rather loose and there were a lot of granular peelings left on the worn surface. A study of the microstructure showed extensive amorphous and ultra-crystalline structures in the laser-clad zone, to which the increase in hardness and wear resistance may be attributed.     

Investigation and characterization of Cr3C2-based wear-resistant coatings applied by the cold spray process

The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of the cold spray (CS) process in applying Cr₃C₂-25wt.%NiCr and Cr₃C₂-25wt%Ni coatings on 4140 alloy for wear-resistant applications. This article discusses the improvements in Cr₃C₂-based coating properties and microstructure through changes in nozzle design, powder characteristics stand off distance, powder feed rate, and traverse speed that resulted in an improved average Vickers hardness number comparable to some thermal spray processes. Cold spray process optimization of the Cr₃C₂-based coatings resulted in increased hardness and improved wear characteristics with lower friction coefficients. The improvement in hardness is directly associated with higher particle velocities and increased densities of the Cr₃C₂-based coatings deposited on 4140 alloy at ambient temperature. Selective coatings were evaluated using x-ray diffraction for phase analysis, optical microscopy (OM). and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructural evaluation, and ball-on-disk tribology experiments for friction coefficient and wear determination. The presented results strongly suggest that cold, spray is a versatile coating technique capable of tailoring the hardness of Cr₃C₂-based wear-resistant coatings on temperature sensitive substrates.     

纳米贝氏体钢TIG焊接头组织和性能

采用TIG焊接方法对1500 MPa级纳米贝氏体钢进行焊接.利用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对焊接接头的微观组织和断口形貌进行了观察与分析,通过硬度测试与拉伸试验考察了接头的力学性能.结果表明,纳米贝氏体钢的焊接性较差,TIG焊焊缝和淬火区组织为淬硬的马氏体,硬度高达1000 HV;焊缝偏析严重,在枝晶间出现残余奥氏体;焊接接头出现冷裂纹,且为沿晶脆性断裂;回火区析出大量碳化物,主要为M₇C₃(M表示Fe,Cr,Mn)和渗碳体Fe₃C,并随着回火温度的升高,碳化物析出量增大,成为焊接接头的又一薄弱环节.     

60Si2Mn钢高速电弧喷涂耐磨涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为提高旋耕刀的耐磨性并延长其使用寿命,利用高速电弧喷涂技术在旋耕刀材料60Si2Mn钢表面制备NiAl粘结层与Ni-Al2O3、Cr2O3、SiC、Cr、Ti和Fe构成的耐磨涂层。经XRD、显微组织分析及硬度测试得到,耐磨涂层由Fe9.64Ti0.36、FeAl、Al2O3和SiO2多相组成,组织均匀致密,表面硬度达到1 037 HV0.2,比传统淬火、中温回火的表面硬度提高69%,表层硬度最高达到1 202HV0.2。摩擦磨损试验结果表明,耐磨涂层与传统淬火、中温回火相比,体积磨损量下降60%,摩擦因数降低44%,电弧喷涂涂层有效的降低了摩擦和磨损,改善了材料的耐磨性。