双生磺酸盐表面活性剂的金属清洗性能

研究了双生磺酸盐表面活性剂的金属清洗性能。结果表明，双生磺酸盐表面活性剂在适宜的温度和时间下能够彻底清除金属表面的油污，性能优于传统表面活性剂。在复配体系中，与非离子表面活性剂协同效应显著，清洗力高于各单一组分，与其他表面活性剂也有较好的配伍性，对金属表面的腐蚀率几乎为零，并能抑制非离子表面活性剂体系的腐蚀性。     

高效水基金属清洗剂的研制

水基金属清洗剂由表面活性剂及多种添加剂组成。经复配实验发现,非离子表面活性剂：阴离子表面活性剂＝1：1－1：1．5（质量比）时,可获得较高的除油率。添加防锈剂B1或N1,P－M无铬钝化剂后,在不同的温度范围内有良好的清洗性和防锈性。     

两性双子表面活性剂的合成及其耐蚀性

采用伯胺与二卤代乙醚首先合成中间体N,N′-二烷基-3-氧杂-1,5-戊二胺,而后中间体与氯乙酸反应得到目标产物两性双子表面活性剂N,N′-二烷基-N,N′-二羧酸基-3-氧杂-1,5-戊二胺。对两性双子表面活性剂进行复配,测试其缓蚀性能,并与单独使用两性双子表面活性剂的缓蚀效果相比较。结果表明:双子表面活性剂与N-十二烷基苯并咪唑双子表面活性剂复配后,其缓蚀性能比单独使用两性双子表面活性剂的更好。在1.0mol/L HCl溶液中,两性双子表面活性剂按摩尔比2∶1进行复配时,Q235钢的腐蚀电流密度最小,容抗弧半径最大,缓蚀效果最好。     

不锈钢黑色氧化皮常温清洗

研制了一种新型的不锈钢表面黑色氧化皮的常温清洗液，它与传统清洗液相比，具有低毒快速性、对人体皮肤无刺激、成本低、去除氧化皮后的基体表面较为光洁并具有酸洗－钝化－步法处理功效。本文还对除氧化皮后的不锈钢在该清洗液中的腐蚀性作了证实，并将该清洗工艺在本厂的应用作了概述。     

热处理的清洗

为避免污染工作场地和环境以及实现废物的回收利用,所有经机械加工、热处理前的零件都必须进行清洗,以除去其表面油脂、污物、切削液和金属碎屑.用油淬火的零件在进入回火炉前也必须清洗,除去表面附着的油.为此需要使用清洗液.后者是用单一或多种化学品配置的水溶液.     

非离子型表面活性剂对铝酸钠溶液晶种分解的影响

采用对比实验法研究非离子型表面活性剂对铝酸钠溶液品种分解率及其产品粒度和形貌的影响.结果表明:添加某非离子型表面活性剂,用量在100～150mg/L范围内,可提高分解率6%左右;粒度分析及电子显微镜形貌观察表明非离子型表面活性剂可促进AI(OH)3晶体的附聚和抑制二次成核,产品平均粒径可提高16 um.对表面活性剂强化铝酸钠溶液晶种分解的机理研究表明,表面活性剂改变AI(OH),颗粒的表面Zeta电位,同时使铝酸钠溶液的表面张力降低了20～30 mN/m,从而可大幅度降低铝酸钠溶液的稳定性,加快晶体生长速度.非离子型表面活性剂能有效强化铝酸钠溶液晶种分解过程.     

水基型多种金属清洗液的试验与应用

介绍以CX-3型号的金属清洗剂配成的QJ-金属清洗液,通过各项质量指标测试和试验认为适用于钢、铸铁、铜、铝等多种金属的清洗。经实际使用证明,洗净性、润湿性、腐蚀性、防诱性均达到要求。该清洗液取代了碱性清洗液,降低费用,提高了效益。     

糖基季铵盐双子表面活性剂的缓蚀性能

由葡萄糖和十四烷基二甲基叔胺合成的糖基季铵盐双子表面活性剂(C14-GDQ)作为缓蚀剂,用静态失重法研究了该表面活性剂在1 mol/L盐酸溶液中对Q235钢的缓蚀作用。结果表明,在1 mol/L盐酸溶液中C14-GDQ对Q235钢具有良好的缓蚀作用,缓蚀率随缓蚀剂浓度的增加而增大,当缓蚀剂质量浓度达到0.1mmol/L时缓蚀率趋于稳定。通过吸附理论、动力学和热力学公式得到相应的参数,并讨论了缓蚀作用机理。     

咪唑啉表面活性剂的合成及用于制备ZnSe纳米材料

合成了两种咪唑啉型双子表面活性剂二（2-十一（十七）烷基-1-甲酰胺乙基咪唑啉）己二胺季铵盐（SUAEIHDI、SHAEIHDI），并进行了红外表征；然后以Zn（Ac）2-2H20为锌源，硒粉为硒源，水合肼为还原剂，SUAEIHDI为表面修饰剂，采用水热法于150℃反应24h，制得球形ZnSe纳米材料，用TEM、SEM、IR、UV-vis和XRD等手段对ZnSe纳米材料进行了表征，并对球形ZnSe的形成机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：该咪唑啉型双子表面活性剂对于纳米材料具有良好的形貌控制作用和表面修饰作用。     

清洗剂对压缩机级间换热器超声清洗效果的影响

目的解决合成氨生产工艺中压缩工段的压缩机级间换热器结焦问题。方法采用超声清洗方法,选取OP-10、AEO、平平加和TX-10四种非离子表面活性剂和AES、十二烷基磺酸钠两种阴离子表面活性剂作为主剂,将各种主剂配制成浓度为10 g/L的溶液,在温度为30℃条件下对样管超声清洗,研究对比各试剂的清焦能力,并对其进行筛选与复配。同理,将氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠、磷酸钠和碳酸钠四种碱性助剂配制成10 g/L的溶液,取同等质量的焦垢,通过对溶解后剩余焦垢量的称量计算其对焦垢的溶解率。结果非离子表面活性剂的清焦能力OP-10AEO平平加TX-10,阴离子表面活性剂的清焦能力AES十二烷基磺酸钠,且超声清洗最佳时间为10 h。碱性助剂的溶焦能力氢氧化钠(13.2%)碳酸氢钠(12.5%)磷酸钠(9.9%)碳酸钠(9.6%)。结论通过筛选和复配,OP-10和十二烷基磺酸钠作为清洗剂主剂、氢氧化钠为碱性助剂时进行超声清洗的效果较好。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

FORMULAS OF TENSION OF CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

A Concordant Shift Model for Flow in Bulk Metallic Glasses

The homogeneous plastic flow in bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) must be elucidated by an appropriate atomistic mechanism. It is proposed that a so-called concordant shifting model, based on rearrangements of five-atom subclusters,can describe the plastic strain behaviour of BMGs in a temperature range from room temperature to the supercooled liquid region. To confirm the effectiveness of the atomic concordant shifting model, a comparative investigation between the vacancy/atom model and the concordant shifting model is carried out based on the estimation of the strain rate deduced from two models. Our findings suggest that the atomic concordant shifting model rather than the vacancy/atom exchange model can well predict the large strain rate in the superplasticity of BMGs.