Ti/Al异种合金电弧熔钎焊接头温度场与界面微观组织

采用交流TIG焊电弧与AlSi12焊丝实现了TC4钛合金与LF6铝合金熔钎焊连接,通过有限元软件分析接头温度场,并利用扫描电镜观察接头钎焊界面的微观组织特征.结果表明,接头温度分布极不均匀,钛侧梯度大高温区窄,铝侧梯度小高温区范围广,冷却时高温区逐渐向钛侧偏移.当钨极正对钛钝边时,等温线平行于钎焊界面,温度分布均匀,有利于形成组织均匀的界面反应层.冷体熔钎焊加速了钎焊界面的冷却,降低了钛的溶解量,可抑制金属间化合物的生长.化合物层形貌由空冷时的锯齿状转变为胞状生长.     

钛合金带热沉钨极氩弧焊中热沉作用

采用数值模拟和实验相结合的方法研究了钛合金TC4薄板常规及带热沉的钨极氩弧焊焊接过程中温度及应力应变的分布,考察了热沉对温度场和应力应变场的影响规律,探讨了使用该技术实现应力和变形控制的机理.结果表明:带热沉的钨极氩弧焊焊接过程中,紧随热源之后热沉急冷作用使得试件形成马鞍形温度场,而热沉作用部位温度最低.热沉作用部位的急冷收缩对周围金属产生拉伸作用,使得焊缝及近缝区金属升温过程中产生的压缩塑性应变减小,冷却过程中产生的拉伸塑性应变增大,接头中不协调应变减小,残余应力降低.实验测量与有限元模拟结果吻合良好,证实了采用热沉控制应力与变形的有效性和有限元模型的正确性.     

基于阶梯模型的摆动焊接温度场数值模拟

根据摆动焊接速度和方向的变化规律,建立了电弧摆动焊接适用范围更加广泛的阶梯模型,以Q345平板对接接头为研究对象,利用焊接模拟软件SYSWELD对摆动焊接过程的温度场进行数值模拟,获得了焊缝区瞬态温度场以及各节点的焊接热循环曲线.结果表明,电弧摆动阶梯模型的瞬态温度场形状与带状热源模型不同,当热源由中间向两边摆动时,阶梯模型的熔池呈头小尾大的椭圆形;电弧摆动阶梯模型的焊接热循环曲线也与带状热源模型不同,阶梯模型的焊接热循环曲线在加热和冷却过程中都会出现一个小波峰,表明焊缝在加热和冷却过程受到电弧摆动的影响.     

BFe10白铜管材热冷组合铸型水平连铸凝固温度场模拟

建立了热冷组合铸型(HCCM)水平连铸管材温度场模拟模型,采用实验与模拟相结合的方法修正界面的换热系数条件。所建立的HCCM水平连铸全尺寸模拟模型和所施加边界条件的误差小于6%,可较好地模拟实际传热过程的温度场。模拟结果表明:当拉坯速度由20 mm/min增加到110 mm/min时,两相区宽度由20 mm增加至30 mm;当热型段加热温度由1 150℃提高到1 300℃时,两相区宽度由30 mm减小至12 mm;当冷型段冷却水流量由300 L/h增加到900 L/h时,两相区宽度由30 mm减小至20 mm;当采用增加热阻的改进铸型结构时,两相区宽度由25 mm减小至12 mm。d 50 mm×5 mm BFe10管材HCCM水平连铸合理的制备参数为:熔体保温温度1 250℃,连铸拉坯速度50~80 mm/min,热型段加热温度1 200~1 300℃,冷型段冷却水流量500~700 L/h。     

Numerical simulation of gas metal arc welding temperature field

The infrared camera is used to investigate the temperature field of gas metal arc welding.The results show that the temperature distribution of weld pool and adjacent area appears cone shape.A new heat source model combined by Gaussian distribution heat source of the arc and conical distribution heat source of the droplet is set up based on the experimental results, and with the combined boundary conditions,the temperature field of gas metal arc welding is simulated using finite element method.According to the comparison between the results of experiment and simulation in temperature field shows that the new combined heat source model is more accurate and effective than the Gauss heat source model.     

小孔等离子弧焊接热场的有限元分析

根据小孔等离子弧焊接的工艺特点，建立了相应的热源模型和焊接热场的分析模型。数值模拟结果表明，一般的双椭球体热源和三维锥体热源不能准确描述小孔等离子弧焊接热过程。提出了改进型的三维锥体热源模型，可以较准确地计算焊缝的正面和背面熔宽，但熔合线走向的计算精度仍较低。在此基础上，考虑等离子弧对熔池的热-力作用，建立了符合小孔形态的热源模型，对小孔等离子弧焊接热场进行了有限元分析，计算出的小孔等离子弧焊缝形状与试验结果吻合良好。     

微弧等离子增材制造NiCr合金的分子动力学数值模拟

微弧等离子增材制造NiCr合金快速凝固过程对增材制造的结构件微观组织结构性能具有重要影响. 采用分子动力学对微弧等离子增材制造NiCr合金构件生长过程中温度场变化及等轴晶生长过程进行模拟. 结果表明,冷却速率为3.38 K/ps和0.675 K/ps时,Ni-Cr体系呈现非晶凝固,0.077 5 K/ps冷却速率下,Ni-Cr体系自发形核长大,实现等轴晶凝固结晶过程,这为微弧等离子增材制造组织演变研究提供了理论支撑.     

3D numerical study of effects of temperature field on sensitisation of Alloy 690 butt welds fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding and laser beam welding

Abstract

This study examines the effects of the temperature field on the sensitisation of Alloy 690 butt welds fabricated using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method and the laser beam welding (LBW) method respectively. The welding thermal cycles of the two welding methods are simulated using ANSYS software based upon a moving heat source model. The validity of the numerical model is confirmed by comparing the simulation results with the corresponding experimental findings. Agreement is found between the numerical results for the temperature field and the experimental temperature measurements. In addition, it is shown that the LBW weldment experiences a more rapid heating and cooling effect than the GTAW weldment, and therefore has both a smaller heat affected zone and a narrower sensitisation region. Thus, the validity and general applicability of the thermal welding model are confirmed.     

电场活化烧结MoSi2-SiC复合材料的温度场有限元模拟

在建立电场活化烧结(field activated sintering,FAS)过程模型基础上,对FAS工艺制备MoSi2-SiC复合材料的温度场进行了有限元模拟.结果表明,在FAS过程中,模具-试样系统中的温度场特性是电场Joule热、体系化学反应热与模具传热效应的综合结果.在烧结过程中,由于Joule热与化学热的叠加作用,试样中心温度最高,并沿径向与轴向形成温度梯度,从而在晶粒尺寸与致密化程度方面影响合成材料的组织均匀性.此模拟结果为温度梯度的合理控制提供了理论依据,有助于获得组织均匀、晶粒细小且致密性高的复合材料.     

模具加热和冷却循环有限元模拟分析

使用ABAQUS有限元软件,对某型号模具加热和冷却过程中的温度场进行了计算分析。计算传热系数时,水与金属水道之间的热交换,选用的方程是强制对流形式下的方程,取用的传热系数为5213 w/m2.°C。计算表明,经过18.5 s后,动模加热到120°C以上,经过123.3 s冷却后,动模的整体温度降低到60°C以下。通过修改模具结构或者注射工艺参数,可以大大降低模具的冷却时间,提高生产效率。     

轧辊堆焊温度场的动态有限元模拟

利用有限元软件对轧辊堆焊温度场进行数值模拟.在模拟过程中,实现焊接移动热源的施加,较好地模拟了焊接电弧移动加热过程以及整个温度场的瞬态变化,考虑了材料热物理性能参数与温度的非线性关系,并以70Cr3Mo的堆焊为例进行了实例计算,计算结果与实测结果相吻合.     

基于ANSYS概率设计系统的电弧切割参数敏感性分析

为研究切割电流、切割速度、工件厚度和有效加热半径对低合金钢电弧切割质量的影响,建立了基于ANSYS概率设计系统的电弧切割参数敏感性分析模型.以低合金钢2Cr13为研究对象,通过施加移动高斯热源模拟电弧切割过程,研究了工件温度场和应力场随各参数的变化规律.采用响应面概率设计方法分析了温度场和应力场对各切割参数的敏感性,结果表明,切割电流和切割速度对电弧切割质量影响较大,有效加热半径和工件厚度影响较小;切割电流和工件厚度对温度场为正影响,切割速度和有效加热半径对温度场为负影响;切割电流、工件厚度和有效加热半径对应力场是正影响,切割速度对应力场是负影响.文中模型对低合金钢电弧切割工艺设计具有重要的借鉴和指导意义.     

Construction of the welded body of vehicles from aluminium alloys

The theory of thermal processes, developed by N.N. Rykalin, is used for calculating the cooling rate, the temperature in heating and the width of quenched grooves in surface quenching with the electric arc. The results confirm that high-quality surface quenching of the components can be carried out without additional cooling of the surface with water.     

三维点式感应淬火电磁热耦合场数值模拟

针对45钢三维点式感应淬火工艺进行参数设计,建立点式感应淬火过程的电磁场及温度场的非线性偏微分方程组,在有限元软件ANSYS中使用耦合场分析的方法实现了对加热功率为36 kW,电流频率为50 kHz的感应热处理工艺的数值模拟.结果表明,在综合考虑表面组织完全奥氏体化及感应加热效率的情况下,该工艺的最佳加热时间约为2 s.通过模拟分别得到使用冷却水和冷却油作为冷却介质时的感应淬火过程中的温度变化规律,结合45钢的连续冷却转变曲线,以马氏体转变临界冷却速度为判断依据,对淬火后工件表面组织进行预测,结果表明两种淬火条件均可以实现表面组织马氏体转变,实现工件的表面强化,且淬硬深度均约为1.0 mm.     

厚板厚向温度分布对热轧过程金属变形的影响

基于温控形变耦合工艺下轧件厚向温度分布的特点,即使轧件厚向芯表温差相等,但厚向温度梯度不同,会对金属变形产生不同的影响。通过数值模拟,研究了厚板厚向温度梯度对轧件内部金属变形的影响。对于芯表温差为300 ℃的温度场,随着冷却强度与水冷时间的不同,沿钢板厚向会形成“近表层大温度梯度区+近芯部等温区”的混合温度场。随着冷却强度的增大,水冷时间的减少,近芯部等温区厚度逐渐增加。经模拟计算,当钢板近芯部等温区厚度增加至1/2板厚时,轧件芯部应变值减少约0.015。结果表明,大冷却强度、少水冷时间的温控形变耦合工艺,会弱化轧件厚向变形渗透效果。另外,随着近芯部等温区厚度的增加,头部沿纵向金属变形不均匀性减小,表明大冷却强度、少水冷时间的温控形变耦合工艺,有利于提高轧件头部沿长度方向的金属流动均匀性。     

7075铝合金汽车支撑摆臂锻件固溶处理温度场模拟

利用ABAQUS有限元软件对7075铝合金汽车支撑摆臂锻件固溶处理过程温度场进行数值模拟,得到了锻件在不同升温方式、不同转运时间以及不同水温淬火下的温度场分布情况。结果表明,锻件随炉升温时,达到预定温度所需时间为112.1 min,最大温差为4.8 ℃;炉子到温后放入锻件升温时仅需71.2 min,最大温差为10.4 ℃。转运时间为3、3.5和4 min时,锻件中冷却最快部位的温度分别下降到384.0、375.9和367.8 ℃,最终确定转运时间不能超过3.5 min。采用25 ℃水淬时,冷却时间为95 s,冷却最快和最慢部位通过淬火温度敏感区的平均冷却速度分别为782.8和19.1 ℃/s,最大温差为237.6 ℃;80 ℃水淬时,冷却时间为56 s,锻件中冷却最快和最慢部分通过淬火温度敏感区的平均冷却速度则分别为587.4和16.8 ℃/s,最大温差为216.0 ℃。     

线棒材轧制用冷却器的优化设计与应用

针对棒线材生产用套筒式冷却器存在冷却能力不足，难以满足低温轧制的要求；轧件表面周向温度均匀性较差等问题，对套筒式冷却器结构进行了优化设计，得到旋流式冷却器。其采用圆锥斜齿轮式喷嘴，使冷却管内的水流形成旋流，可以产生较高的压力和速度，大幅度提高冷却能力，同时有效改善轧件表面温度的均匀性。采用SOLIDWORKS软件建模，利用ANSYS CFX软件进行流体仿真，对两种冷却器的流场、压力、流速进行了仿真分析。结果表明，旋流式冷却器可以提高冷却效率，改善轧件温度的均匀性，为实现轧件的超快速冷却创造有利条件。对24 mm圆钢的冷却应用表明，旋流式冷却器对轧件的降温幅度为套筒式冷却器的1.5～2.0倍且冷却均匀性明显改善。     

Numerical and experimental investigation into effect of temperature field on sensitization of Alloy 690 butt welds fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding and laser beam welding

This study examines the effects of the temperature field on the sensitization of Alloy 690 butt welds fabricated using the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) method and the laser beam welding (LBW) method, respectively. The welding thermal cycles of the two welding methods are simulated using ANSYS software based upon a moving heat source model and the high-temperature thermal physical property data maintained in the JMatPro database. The validity of the numerical model is confirmed by comparing the simulation results with the corresponding experimental findings. It is found that the agreement between the numerical results for the temperature field and the experimental temperature measurements by utilizing the value of the thermal diffusivity (α) in the thermal model for the GTAW and LBW weldments. In addition, it is shown that the LBW weldment experiences a more rapid heating and cooling effect than the GTAW weldment, and therefore has both a smaller heat-affected zone (HAZ) and a narrower sensitization region. Overall, the simulation results presented in this study are found to be in good agreement with the experimental findings. Thus, the validity and general applicability of the thermal welding model are confirmed.     

线棒材轧制用冷却器的优化设计与应用

针对棒线材生产用套筒式冷却器存在冷却能力不足，难以满足低温轧制的要求；轧件表面周向温度均匀性较差等问题，对套筒式冷却器结构进行了优化设计，得到旋流式冷却器。其采用圆锥斜齿轮式喷嘴，使冷却管内的水流形成旋流，可以产生较高的压力和速度，大幅度提高冷却能力，同时有效改善轧件表面温度的均匀性。采用SOLIDWORKS软件建模，利用ANSYS CFX软件进行流体仿真，对两种冷却器的流场、压力、流速进行了仿真分析。结果表明，旋流式冷却器可以提高冷却效率，改善轧件温度的均匀性，为实现轧件的超快速冷却创造有利条件。对24 mm圆钢的冷却应用表明，旋流式冷却器对轧件的降温幅度为套筒式冷却器的1.5～2.0倍且冷却均匀性明显改善。     

Stress and distortion mitigation technique for welding titanium alloy thin sheet

Abstract

A stress and distortion mitigation technique for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) of titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V thin sheet is presented. The proposed welding technique incorporates a trailing heat sink (an intense cooling source) with respect to the welding torch, and it is also called the Dynamically Controlled Low Stress No-Distortion (DC-LSND) technique. The development of this mitigation technique is based on both detailed welding process simulation using the advanced finite element technique and systematic laboratory experiments. The finite element method is used to investigate the detailed thermomechanical behaviour of the weld during conventional GTAW and DC-LSND GTAW. With detailed computational modelling, it is found that by the introduction of a heat sink at some distance behind the welding arc, a saddle shaped temperature field is formed as a result of the cooling effects of the heat sink; the lowest temperature exists in the zone where the heat sink is applied. High tensile action on the surrounding zone is generated by abrupt cooling and contraction of the metals beneath the heat sink, which increases the tensile plastic strain developed during the cooling process and decreases the compressive plastic strain developed in the heating process, and therefore mitigates the residual stresses and plastic strains within and near the weld. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the DCLSND technique and the validity of the computational model. With a proper implementation of the DC-LSND technique, welding stress and distortion can be reduced or eliminated in welding titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V thin sheet, while no appreciable detrimental effects are caused on the mechanical properties of welded joints by applying the heat sink in the GTAW process.