粗糙集及主元分析的机械故障诊断研究

针对粗糙集理论方法与主成分分析方法的特点,引入了一个启发式函数,提出了一种将两种方法相结合的算法.运用粗糙集理论建立了信息系统的分辨矩阵,通过主元分析方法得到了各主成分的表达式和主成分贡献率,通过启发式算法得到了决策信息表的最佳属性约简和故障诊断规则,并通过算例分析验证了该算法的优越性.研究表明该算法在处理机械故障诊断中数据量大、变量多的数据时,具有很好的效果.     

改进的主成分分析法在多响应优化中的应用

提出了一种改进的主成分分析法,在解决多响应优化问题时考虑到模型的预测能力.主成分分析法是一种常用的多响应优化方法,为了在应用主成分分析法的过程中考虑到模型的预测能力,文章将回归方程拟合度R2系数结合到主成分分析中.与主成分分析法相比,该方法不仅能利用主成分得分将多个响应转化为单一响应,还能考虑到不同响应的预测能力.实例表明,用该方法得到的结果可体现出模型预测能力的影响,并且预测能力强的响应得到较大的改进.     

基于Pearson-KPCA和LSTM的伺服电机滚动轴承剩余寿命预测

针对伺服电机滚动轴承的寿命预测，提出一种基于皮尔逊相关系数及核主成分分析的长短时记忆网络预测方法。提取滚动轴承的时、频域信号，通过移动平均法进一步获取相关特征，并采用皮尔逊相关系数筛选高度相关特征指标，利用KPCA提取高度相关特征指标中的若干主成分；将第一主成分作为长短时记忆网络模型的输入对滚动轴承进行剩余寿命预测。采用IMS轴承数据集进行验证，得到的轴承寿命预测RMSE值和可决策系数值分别为0.054 3和0.989。将其与长短期记忆网络模型和BP神经网络的预测结果进行对比，证明所提方法具有较高的精度。     

最小二乘支持向量机弯曲回弹元模型技术研究

影响大尺寸高强度U型折弯件回弹的变量众多,使得其弯曲回弹难以控制。提出一种基于约束的高斯过程潜变量(RGPLVM)筛选技术来进行最优变量的筛选和降维。将筛选出的变量作为决策变量,并以最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)为基础,构建了大尺寸高强度U型折弯件的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)元模型。分别以支持向量机(SVM),LSSVM和BP神经网络为模型进行预测,并将预测结果与实际工程零件进行对比。结果表明LSSVM模型的预测结果更为接近实际零件的回弹情况,从而验证了所提方法的可行性。     

基于GRA-PCA的机床主轴系统热敏感点优化

热敏感点优化选取是热误差建模过程中的关键问题，所选取的热敏感点优劣将直接影响热误差模型的精确性和鲁棒性。提出一种灰色关联分析（GRA）和主成分分析（PCA）结合的机床主轴系统热敏感点优化方法，采用GRA筛选对热误差影响较大的温度测点，机床主轴不同位置处的多个测点温度值以及主轴在对应温度下产生的热漂移作为分析数据，通过计算温度变量与热漂移之间的灰色关联度，得到其灰色综合关联度矩阵，确定二者相关性后初选温度变量；根据PCA将高度相关的温度数据简化为较少的相互独立的主成分，将其作为后续热误差模型的输入，从而实现热敏感点优化。将该方法应用于数控机床主轴系统，优化完成的热敏感点数据作为主轴热误差模型的输入变量。结果表明：将优化所得热敏感点作为BP热误差模型输入，预测所得热误差与实际热误差的平均残差为0.83 μm，低于仅采用灰色关联分析法优化热敏感点的5.18 μm及仅采用主成分分析法优化热敏感点的4.57 μm，机床z轴热变形预测精度得到显著提高，有利于改善加工精度。     

基于LSTM的铝电解槽生产决策算法研究与应用

在铝电解槽生产过程中，需要工艺技术人员依据历史生产数据每日进行生产决策，其中出铝量和设定电压调整量是两个比较重要且耦合性强的决策参数，决策的好坏直接影响着电解槽的稳定运行和高效产出铝。本文提出了一种采用海洋捕食者算法来优化双遗忘门LSTM结构模型的决策算法(MPA-dfLSTM),针对数据特点对LSTM结构优化为双遗忘门LSTM(dfLSTM),并通过海洋捕食者算法来进行参数寻优，将训练得到的模型应用到出铝量和设定电压调整量的决策中。MPA-dfLSTM模型相比于其他三种决策模型获得了较高的性能指标，可以为铝电解生产工艺技术人员提供生产决策参考。     

基于主成分分析的航空电磁数据噪声去除方法

时间域航空电磁数据经预处理后,存在残余噪声,严重影响晚期道数据质量。提出一种基于主成分分析的去噪方法,通过对航空电磁剖面数据的自相关矩阵进行奇异值分解,得到特征值及对应的特征向量,将电磁数据通过旋转矩阵(特征向量矩阵的转置)进行线性映射,得到其主成分。大特征值对应的低阶主成分反映相关性较强的电磁信号,而小特征值对应的高阶主成分反映不相关噪声。采用低阶主成分与特征向量重构电磁数据能够去除不相关噪声。采用主成分分析法分别进行了仿真数据与实测数据的主成分特征分析与噪声去除。仿真数据去噪后,信噪比提高了13 dB;而野外飞行实测数据的噪声水平也由±25 nT/s降低到±8 nT/s。     

合金元素挥发损失量计算动力学模型

建立了计算熔体中组元挥发损失量随保温时间变化的模型,该模型耦合了挥发过程中熔体成分、组元活度、组元蒸汽压、挥发损失速率等变量.利用该模型计算得到了1 373K时Cu-Zn熔体挥发过程中熔体成分及挥发速率的变化,同时得到了熔体质量损失与保温时间的关系,与采用热重法得到的Cu-Zn熔体失重曲线进行了比较,两者变化规律一致,说明所建立的模型可以用来预测组元挥发损失量及带来的成分变化.     

基于灵敏度分析的大型数控镗铣中心主轴箱优化设计研究

以主轴箱应力和位移为评价指标,对镗铣加工中心主轴箱体进行了灵敏度分析,得到各设计变量对评价指标的影响情况。将灵敏度高的设计变量作为箱体设计变量,对箱体进行了优化设计。为机床箱体的优化设计提供了一种方法。     

基于有限元的140 kN摩擦焊机主轴箱响应面优化分析

以140 kN连续驱动摩擦焊机主轴箱为研究对象,应用有限元分析软件对主轴箱进行了静、动态相关特性的分析。为提高主轴箱综合力学性能,并实现主轴箱箱体材料的合理利用,以箱体壁厚等7个结构参数为设计变量进行了中心复合实验设计。根据得到的数据结果,基于Kriging插值法建立了主轴箱的响应面模型,并对各设计变量进行了灵敏度分析。利用多目标遗传算法完成了主轴箱的优化设计,与原结构方案相比主轴箱箱体减重16.6%,实现了焊机轻量化设计。经过对主轴箱响应面模型拟合精度的校验,验证了CCD实验法与Kriging插值法相结合可高效精准地完成主轴箱响应面模型的建立。因此这一优化方法同样适用于其他类型的机床零部件的设计。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.