水下采油树地面测试单元液压控制系统设计与仿真

对水下采油树进行测试验证可为水下采油树的维修保养提供参考。通过对水下采油树控制系统主参数以及水下采油树测试流程的研究,设计一套水下采油树地面测试单元液压控制系统,水下采油树地面测试单元液压控制系统包括油箱、高压泵回路、水泵回路、蓄能器组、调压回路、接口回路、回油回路等。根据系统主参数及测试要求,对液压控制系统主要元件进行主参数的计算。利用AMESim软件建立水下采油树地面测试单元液压控制系统模型,对模型进行仿真分析。结果表明,所设计的液压控制系统具有良好的控制性和稳定性。     

水下生产配套装置线性覆盖工具液压系统设计与仿真

为了解决水下生产配套装置线性覆盖工具输出的液压推力过小不能完全打开水下采油树阀门的问题,根据水下生产配套装置线性覆盖工具的运动特点,设计一套液压系统。通过Simulink/SimHydraulics模块构建线性覆盖工具中主活塞缸液压系统仿真模型,并对该系统进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明:线性覆盖工具主活塞缸在打开水下采油树阀门的工作状态下活塞杆运动平稳、无杆腔压力稳定,能够完全打开采油树阀门。通过与现场试验结果对比分析,该液压系统的各项仿真数据与实验结果基本吻合,证明了该液压系统具有合理性与可行性,同时也说明了该液压系统符合设计要求。     

水下控制模块液压系统控制性能研究

为研究水下2 000 m控制模块SCM液压系统在不同工况下的控制性能,建立水下阀门执行器开启和关闭过程动力学模型、长软管模型、电液换向阀模型,对相关参数进行计算,利用AMESim软件对整个液压系统进行仿真,得出执行器、液压动力源和水下控制模块之间的系统压力、回油压差和执行器活塞杆位移的动态性能关系,同时在SCM测试装置上利用SCM液压系统开启一个和多个阀门执行器,得到开启执行器供油压降对液压系统执行性能的影响。结果表明:该液压系统能对12路油路进行控制,水下紧急关断8个执行器比单个执行器延长17 s;液压系统完全开启和关闭单个执行器的每个动作在10 s以内;开启的油路越多,新开启油路压降就会越小,响应速度越快。     

基于改进PID控制的电液伺服系统执行器运动轨迹仿真

电液伺服系统执行器运动轨迹跟踪容易受到外界干扰，导致控制系统不稳定。为解决此问题，设计小波神经网络PID控制系统，并对控制效果进行仿真验证。建立电液伺服阀简图模型，创建阀芯运动的动力学模型，分别推导出控制阀、液压执行器和比例溢流阀动力学方程式。采用小波神经网络对传统增量式PID控制器进行改进，利用MATLAB软件对改进后的控制系统进行仿真；对比分析改进前、改进后系统液压执行器的跟踪轨迹。结果表明：液压执行器在没有受到外界波形突然干扰情况下，2种控制方法都能较好地实现轨迹跟踪；在受到外界波形突然干扰情况下，采用增量式PID控制的液压执行器运动轨迹与期望轨迹存在较大误差，采用小波神经网络PID控制的液压执行器运动轨迹与期望轨迹存在较小误差。所设计的控制系统响应速度较快，能够自适应在线调整控制参数，有效地抑制外界环境对控制系统的干扰，从而提高液压执行器运动轨迹跟踪精度     

水下执行器液压控制仿真

介绍了当前国内外在水下油气开发方面的状况.并阐述水下生产系统的结构和原理.并对水下生产设施液压控制系统的执行器进行研究,然后对其在工作过程中压力的变化通过AMESim软件进行了仿真.仿真曲线清楚显示了执行器在工作过程中压力的变化规律.为研究、设计和开发水下生产系统提供了参考.     

基于AMESim水下液压控制系统仿真分析

复合电液控制是目前深水油气田开发应用较多的控制方式。对水下液压控制系统进行分析,对主要的液压参数如操作压力,HPU蓄能器、水下蓄能器容积进行计算;依据南海某油气田工程实际,应用AMESim建立水下电液复合控制系统充压仿真模型,仿真模拟不同脐带缆管径对系统充压和ESD的影响,并利用AMESim仿真软件对南海某油田液压控制系统典型工况进行建模和动态仿真。仿真结果表明,该液压系统的各项性能指标均满足相应标准规范和工程的要求。该仿真研究为脐带缆管径选择提供参考,对水下液压控制系统的关键元部件选择分析有很好的参考和指导作用。     

自动去冒口装置的多执行器液压系统设计

介绍了实现去浇铸件冒口装置的工作原理,根据设计原理和设计要求,提出了一种多执行器顺序动作的液压系统控制方法。分析了液压控制系统各个执行器的控制要求,合理选择及改进设计了顺序控制回路、速度控制回路、锁紧回路、阀控液压缸伺服控制回路等其他的液压回路,各个回路之间相互联系、同时又相互独立。该设计不仅大大提高了系统的自动化程度、稳定性、可靠性,而且提高了系统的可维护性。     

单杆液压执行器双侧触觉遥控操作的李雅普诺夫稳定控制器研究

液压执行器运动轨迹容易受到多种环境因素干扰,导致实际运动轨迹偏离理论运动轨迹,造成定位精度下降。对此,建立了单杆液压执行器模型简图,采用李雅普诺夫稳定控制器控制液压执行器的运动轨迹。分析了双侧遥控操作系统的动态模型,推导了液压执行器流量非线性控制方程式,设计了单杆液压致动器双侧控制的李雅普诺夫稳定控制方案,采用数学方法对控制器的稳定性进行了证明。结合具体实例,对单杆液压执行器的运动轨迹跟踪误差进行仿真,并与传统PID控制器的跟踪误差形成对比。对误差的仿真结果表明:在受到外界波形干扰时,采用李雅普诺夫稳定控制器控制液压执行器运动轨迹,产生误差较小。液压执行器采用李雅普诺夫稳定控制器,能够提高系统运动的稳定性,降低运动轨迹产生的误差。     

基于数字液压动力管理系统的混合执行器控制研究北大核心

传统泵控系统由于溢流和节流损失产生较大能耗,同时需要根据系统需求的峰值功率进行选型,系统成本高。因此,提出一种基于6个活塞和18个开/关控制阀的数字液压动力管理系统的混合执行器。采用基于模型的控制器实现对混合执行器的有效控制,并对控制效果进行仿真验证。构建新型混合执行器系统液压回路简化图,建立数字液压动力管理系统、液压回路以及电动伺服电机数学模型。设计基于模型的控制器,实现对活塞以及数字液压动力管理系统的最优控制。采用MATLAB对基于数字液压动力管理系统的混合执行器进行仿真,并与传统阀控执行器的计算结果进行对比和分析。结果表明:采用基于数字液压动力管理系统的混合执行器活塞位置和速度跟踪误差分别减少61%和47%;基于数字液压动力管理系统的混合执行器的液压蓄能器会处理局部功率峰值,系统输入功率无较大波动,同时能耗也大大降低;采用基于数字液压动力管理系统的混合执行器可以有效控制活塞位置和速度,同时具有较高的能源效率。     

基于无凸轮发动机的液压执行机构复合控制研究

针对发动机凸轮驱动式液压可变气门控制跟踪误差较大问题,设计了无凸轮发动机液压执行机构,并采用了复合控制系统。建立了混合执行器数学模型,分析了气门阀液压驱动工作原理。给出了压电致动器等效电路图和数学表达式,推导出气门阀液压驱动运动方程式。结合前馈控制和反馈控制的各自优点,设计了复合控制系统。采用MATLAB软件对发动机气门运动位移、压电位移和压力变化跟踪误差进行仿真,并且与反馈控制系统输出误差进行比较和分析。结果表明:与反馈控制系统相比,采用复合控制系统反应迅速,自适应调节能力较好。气门运动位移、压电位移和压力变化跟踪误差较小。因此,提高了气门运动轨迹跟踪精度,改善了发动机综合性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).