冷却斜管工艺对A357合金凝固组织的影响

采用冷却斜管工艺以及在金属铸型中预放热电偶的方法,考察了A357合金在不同浇注温度下,经不同长度的斜管处理后,合金液的最高温度以及凝固组织的变化。结果表明:对A357合金进行冷却剪切处理,可有效的细化、球化凝固组织;浇注温度,斜管长度都会影响A357合金最终的凝固组织,随着浇注温度的降低以及斜管长度的增加,A357合金凝固组织中粗大的枝晶向玫瑰晶以及细小的球状晶转变;浇注温度在660℃时,经300、450、600 mm斜管处理后,进入铸型的合金液处于半固态区间,而在690、720℃浇注时,经斜管处理后的合金液仍为液态。     

浇注扰动对近液相线铸造半固态AlSi9Mg合金的影响

通过设计正交试验,结合金相分析获得了试验条件下近液相线铸造法制备半固态AlSi9Mg合金的合理工艺参数匹配,即浇注温度605℃、浇注高度3 h型、保温时间35 min、冷却强度适中(水冷)时获得的非枝晶组织更加细小、圆整且分布均匀;从晶粒形核、长大的热力学和动力学角度,综合分析了浇注扰动对近球形或球形非枝晶组织形成的影响机制.结果表明,浇注扰动不仅可大大提高形核率,且利于晶粒直接球化长大和等轴枝晶形成后的球化生长;提高晶粒球形长大的稳定性并将长大后的球晶保留下来或增强枝晶形成后的球化生长趋向是获得理想非枝晶组织的关键.     

稀土铝合金斜坡振动铸造组织分析

采用斜坡振动工艺生产A17Si2RE合金,获得了符合半固态加工要求的细小、近球状非枝晶微观组织.实验表明:冷却方式和浇注方式对合金微观组织有明显的影响.近液相线温度下斜坡振动铜模水冷浇注的A17Si2RE合金组织为细小均匀的等轴晶,晶粒平均直径为48.3μm,晶粒平均团度为1.92.     

倾斜管制备半固态浆料工艺研究

利用自主开发的倾斜管制浆工艺制备了A356合金半固态浆料。研究了倾斜管制浆主要工艺参数对半固态浆料非枝晶组织的形成与演变规律的影响，同时利用倾斜管制备了圆形铸锭并研究了铸锭不同部位的显微组织。结果表明，倾斜管制备半固态坯料过程中，倾斜角度一般应控制在40^o～60^o，理想浇注温度在620～660℃。在倾斜管通水冷却条件下，对应不同的浇注温度应用不同的斜管长度，可以获得较为理想的显微组织。在一定的浇注长度范围内，低温浇注更有利于获得近球状晶。铸锭组织逐渐由树枝晶向细小的近球晶演变。     

半固态A356合金浆料的新型制备技术

采用直管浇注法制备了半固态A356铝合金浆料,获得了金属半固态加工要求的细小、球状的“非枝晶”组织,并分析了浇注高度和浇注温度对组织形成过程的影响。实验结果表明：直管在该工艺中起到了增加形核的作用;合适的浇注高度和低温浇注有利于形核;随着浇注高度的提高,初生-αAl晶粒逐渐从蔷薇状向球状和颗粒状转变,晶粒形貌也逐渐变好;随着浇注温度的降低,初生-αAl晶粒向球状或颗粒状转变,分布均匀,圆整度好。在本实验条件下,最佳的浇注高度为430 mm;合适的浇注温度为630～615℃。所得浆料从中心到边缘经历了一个从球状向破碎蔷薇状、再向枝晶状组织转变的过程。     

旋转浇注法制备AZ91D半固态浆料

采用旋转浇注法制备AZ91D合金半固态浆料,获得了符合金属半固态加工要求的细小、近球状的非枝晶组织.研究表明,适当降低浇注温度、提高旋转管转动速度或采用合适的倾角,半固态组织的初生相颗粒会变得细小、均匀和圆整.在本试验条件下得到的优化工艺参数:浇注温度为630 ℃,旋转管转速为75 r/min,旋转管倾角为25°.     

液相线铸造法半固态金属组织特征的相场模拟研究

液相线铸造法是获取均匀、细小非枝晶组织半固态合金浆料的一种新工艺。凝固过程的相场模拟表明,金属凝固组织形成枝晶的趋向随过冷度加大而增强,长大速度随之显著加快。液相线铸造时结晶凝固过程在枝晶形成趋向很小、长大速度较慢的过冷度范围完成,故应得到细小非枝晶组织;液相线铸造法浇注前熔体在液相线温度附近保温,发生双相区等温结晶分解过程,该过程的相场模拟显示,这一分解作用促成大量形核,导致在随后的浇注熔体中生长成大量均匀、细小非枝晶组织;二次加热至双相区,引起部分熔化和重新分解结晶,同理会使组织进一步得到改善。     

倾斜式冷却剪切工艺条件对半固态合金组织的影响

采用自制的倾斜式冷却/剪切试验装置,对制备1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢与Al-Mg合金半固态坯料过程中,工艺条件对合金组织的影响进行了研究.结果表明,合金组织逐渐由粗大的树枝晶向细小的球形晶演变,组织形成过程与枝晶的破碎以及整体爆发形核机制有关.倾角、冷却板长度、浇注温度对合金组织具有重要影响.在本试验条件下,最佳倾角与冷却板长度为α=45°,L=650 mm,t=660～690 ℃为制备Al-Mg合金半固态坯料的最佳工艺参数.倾斜式冷却剪切流变显著改善了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢组织与常规铸造的Al-10Mg合金的羽毛晶组织.     

浇注温度对亚共晶Al-Si合金组织和硬度的影响

研究了不同浇注温度对亚共晶Al-Si合金的组织和硬度的影响.结果表明,在不同浇注温度下浇注时,得到的合金显微组织有较大差别.在660℃浇注得到的基本上是枝晶组织;而在615℃浇注,得到的则基本是球状和近球状的晶粒组织,可以成为优良的半固态触变成形坯料.另外,浇注温度对合金的硬度没有明显的影响.     

控制浇注温度制备的半固态ZL101合金的非枝晶组织

采用控制浇注温度制备半固态ZL101合金,研究了不同的浇注温度对铸造显微组织的影响.结果表明,在680℃浇注时,形成粗大的枝晶组织;在625℃浇注时,获得的显微组织有部分枝晶存在;在615℃浇注时,可获得均匀、近球形的理想的半固态非枝晶组织;而在605℃浇注时,会形成较大晶粒的非枝晶组织.另外,探讨了非枝晶组织的形成机理.     

FeCrAIW电弧喷涂层组织的致密化研究

采用激光辐照对FeCrAlW电弧喷涂层的组织进行致密化处理,借助扫描电镜和X衍射对涂层的组织进行了分析.测试了涂层的显微硬度.结果表明:涂层组织致密度提高,孔隙率明显降低.随着激光扫描速度的增加,涂层的显微硬度降低.在较低的扫描速度下,涂层与基体之间形成互熔区,涂层与基体之间产生良好的冶金结合.     

面向零件形状的计算机图形库的开发

论述了CAD技术中参数化设计的三种建模方法，重点介绍了基于特征的参数化建模原理。在此基础上，分析机械设计中的机构结构，归纳出其零件的几何特征构成。设计了机构CAD图形库，并提出了该图形库生成步骤和人机交互界面。     

Prospects of the Use of Synergetic Approach to Solution of Problems of the Science of Nanomaterials

A synergetic approach to solution of problems of self-controlled synthesis of nanostructures and creation of self-organizing nanotechnologies is considered in connection with the superproblem of creation of materials with functional properties resembling those of biosystems. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 7, pp. 55 – 61, July, 2005.     

Kinetics of the oxidation of metals — Influence of self-diffusion of metal

The importance of the self-diffusion of a metal during its oxidation by a gas is treated for the cases of nonstoichiometric oxides having either interstitial cation or cation vacancies. We have established a general relationship for the reaction rate when a mixed diffusion process occurs. From this relationship, we have shown that the pressure dependence can be different, according to whether the rate-determining process is the self-diffusion through the metal or through the product.     

Effect of the Error of Measurement of Current Harmonics on the Accuracy of Determination of Magnetic Characteristics

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - The effect of the error of measurement of the form of current harmonics on the accuracy of determination of weber-ampere characteristics of electrical devices is...     

Features of formation of the structure in production of blanks of disks of heat-resistant nickel alloys

Conclusions To provide a high level of mechanical properties in wrought blanks of cast ÉP741NP and ÉP962 alloys it is necessary to form controlled structures. A necklace-type structure formed in homogenizing isostatic treatment, subsequent thermomechanical working including alternation of the operations of deformation in the (+)-area and recrystallization anneals, and final heat treatment is preferable. The temperature conditions of all stages of thermomechanical working are strictly controlled, especially the final operation of deformation and heating for hardening. To eliminate hardening cracks and distortions it is necessary to use molten salts at t=600°C as quenchants. The use of multiple production operations makes it possible to significantly reduce the structural inhomogeneity related to inhertance of the original dendritic structure. However, the structure of the final semifinished product is nevertheless characterized by a difference in occurrence of the processes of polygonization and recrystallization between the former dendritic cells and the interdendritic spaces in deformation and heat treatment.To obtain structurally homogeneous blanks for gas turbine engine parts it is necessary to use basically new methods of remelting such as vacuum double electrode remelting and electron beam remelting with an intermediate vessel.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 12, pp. 25–29, December, 1991.     

Ab-initio calculation of enthalpies of formation of intermetallic compounds and enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions

A large number of ab-initio calculations of energies of formation of intermetallic compounds have been performed in the last 15 years. The currently used methods are listed. The paper presents a review of the aluminium based compounds which have been studied. Comparisons of calculated and experimental enthalpies of formation are provided for aluminim-3d and-4d transition metal alloys at equiatomic composition. The modelling of the enthalpies of mixing of solid solutions based on a given lattice is described.