超声技术在制备金属纳米粒子中的应用

随着纳米科技的发展，制备纳米材料的新方法层出不穷。本文从超声技术的基本原理和特点出发，介绍了近年来超声在制备金属纳米粒子中的应用和进展，表明了采用超声制备金属纳米粒子具有方便、快捷、高效等优点。     

超声场中溶胶凝胶法制备纳米氧化铝粉体的研究

近年来，超声空化处理已被证明是一种制备纳米材料十分有效的技术，当将超声空化作用应用于溶胶凝胶法制备纳米粉体过程时，将为防止团聚体的生成创造一个独特的条件。本文以六次甲基四胺为沉淀剂，研究了超声场下溶胶凝胶法制备纳米Al2O3粉体的工艺，对产物进行了扫描电镜（SEM），X射线衍射（XRD）分析及粒度分析。实验结果表明，超声波的引入可显著提高粉体的性能。超声处理过的前驱体在1100℃煅烧2小时制得了团聚少，平均粒径在30nm左右的α-Al2O3粉体。超声波的辐射作用有利于纳米α—Al2O3粉体的制备，它的作用主要体现在防止胶粒之间的团聚和长大，及破碎团聚体的作用上。     

USSP表面纳米化Fe-20Cr合金的腐蚀性能及机制研究

利用电化学方法，结合XRD、EDX、SEM和EPMA等表面分析技术，研究了经超声喷丸表面纳米化的Fe-20Cr合金在0．05mol/L H2SO4 0.5mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀性能。结果表明，纳米化后合金的耐蚀性能降低。相对于粗晶合金，纳米材料晶粒的细化、钝化金属中Cr元素分析的均匀性降低以及超声喷丸技术在制备纳米晶过程中所带来的残余应力是纳米材料耐蚀性能降低的原因。     

新型超声雾化技术制备球形金属粉末

介绍了新型超声雾化制备金属粉末技术原理及工艺特点，研究了采用新型超声雾化技术制备的合金粉末形貌，粒度分布，氧含量和微观组织，并与气雾化粉末进行了比较，新型超声雾化技术直接利用超声振动雾化金属，雾化基本以静态模式进行而没有高速运动，制备的粉末光洁圆整，球形度好，粉度分布窄，具有设备和工艺简单，可控性高，成本低等显著技术优势。     

超声辅助技术制备微结构的原理与应用概述

根据超声辅助技术在制备微结构中的最新应用成果，介绍了超声辅助的车削、铣削、磨削3种方法制备微结构的原理和应用，对3种制备方法的原理与应用进行分析和论述，最后还介绍了1种利用超声辅助刻划制备微结构的新方法。     

爆轰法合成纳米材料研究进展

爆轰法是一种新颖的制备纳米材料的方法。近几十年来，许多研究工作者利用爆轰法在高温高压条件下制备出了金刚石，石墨，氮化硼等纳米材料。本文主要回顾了目前爆轰制备纳米材料的发展现状和研究进展，特别是综述了纳米氧化物（如氧化铝，氧化钛，氧化锌）以及复合氧化物（如铝酸锶，锰酸锂）的制备过程，以及爆轰合成纳米材料的机理，提出了今后进一步研究的一些建议。     

大塑性变形法制备块体纳米材料

综述了大塑性变形法制备块体纳米材料的发展，常用方法及其工作原理，介绍了大塑性变形法制备块体的纳米材料应满足的基本条件，并在此基础上论述了大塑性变形法的实际应用，指出了目前大塑性变形法在制备块体纳米材料时存在的问题。     

超声和微波作用下制备纳米氧化铜

以氢氧化铜为前驱体，在超声和微波作用下制备纳米氧化铜。借助透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、粒度分析等手段，研究了超声、分散剂、微波等制备条件的影响。结果表明：采用该法可以制备粒径小（15nm）、分散良好的纳米氧化铜粉体；超声可使前驱体Cu（OH）2转变为CuO，并粉碎颗粒间形成的团聚；分散剂通过表面修饰抑制颗粒的团聚；微波加热促进了前驱体的转化，并抑制颗粒的长大。     

掺铝ZnO纳米粉的制备与气敏特性研究

用可溶性无机盐法(ISG法)制备掺杂Al^3 的ZnO纳米气敏材料，用D／Max0-rB型X-射线粉末衍射仪研究纳米晶的结构。结果表明制备的掺铝ZnO纳米材料属于六方晶系，纤锌矿结构。用Seherrer公式计算得ZnO和掺铝ZnO的平均晶粒分别为40nm和35nm。用掺铝的ZnO纳米粉做成气敏元件，测试了不同铝含量的纳米材料在不同浓度的乙醇气体和氢气下的敏感特性。结果表明随着气体浓度的增加，灵敏度逐渐上升；随着Al含量的减少，材料气敏灵敏性逐渐增强。当铝含量为Al／ZnO=O．5％(mol)时，对O．2％的乙醇气体的灵敏度最大可达到127。并讨论了纳米材料对敏感气体的物理吸附和化学吸附以及纳米氧化物的气敏机理。     

功率超声在金属基复合材料和超细粉制备中的应用

功率超声施加于金属熔体中，可以在极短时间内实现纤维与金属的复合，制备出高性能复合材料。液态金属在超声作用下能渗入颗粒预制件中或与颗粒均匀混合。超声浸镀可以实现钢丝镀锌、镀铝。利用超声电解法能够制备出超细金属粉。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

FORMULAS OF TENSION OF CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

Bulletin of the Awards in 2013

<正>Five reviewers and 9 published articles are selected as the Excellent Rewewerand Excellent Article in 2013 respectively.Excellent Reviewers:Prof.Z ongyi Ma(Institute of Metal Research,CAS,C hina);Prof.Y ongbo Xu(Institute of Metal Research,CAS,C hina);Prof.Guangping Zhang(Institute of Metal Research,C AS,C hina);Prof.Z hendui Cui(Tianjin University,China);