硅烷偶联剂对表面微坑复合PTFE的减摩及缓释性能影响研究

目的探究硅烷偶联剂对缸套表面微坑复合PTFE微粒的减摩和缓释性能的影响。方法利用激光刻蚀机在缸套表面加工不同参数的微坑,并依据摩擦系数对表面微坑参数进行优化。选取最佳表面微坑参数,进行加工,并机械涂覆经硅烷偶联剂修饰的PTFE,制备复合润滑结构。采取往复式摩擦磨损试验机对复合润滑结构的减摩性能进行分析。利用SEM和EDS研究摩擦副的表面形貌和成分,采用三维共聚焦显微镜研究微坑内PTFE的释放情况。结果在热压复合方法下,直径为0.4 mm、深度为120μm的微坑复合PTFE具有最佳的减摩效果。硅烷偶联剂的加入会进一步改善摩擦副之间的减摩性能,其摩擦系数为0.1248。与未处理缸套试样、微坑处理缸套试样、热压复合PTFE缸套试样进行对比,其摩擦系数分别降低了24.3%、18.8%和11.2%。另外,硅烷偶联剂还可以减缓表面微坑内PTFE的释放,延长作用时效,与热压复合方法相比,微坑内PTFE颗粒的释放速率约降低96.3%。结论复合润滑结构能够改善摩擦副之间的摩擦状况,其减摩和缓释机理是固体自润滑材料、表面微坑和硅烷偶联剂协同作用的结果。     

电化学沉积镍基MoS_2复合镀层及其宽温域摩擦性能

为了降低纯镍镀层的摩擦因数,研究镍基MoS_2复合镀层适用温度范围,进一步提高金属机件在极端摩擦条件下的服役寿命。采用电化学沉积法在45钢基体表面制备不同MoS_2浓度的镍基固体润滑复合镀层。用复合电镀循环伏安曲线法研究复合镀层的电化学沉积规律,采用XRD、SEM对复合镀层的组织结构及摩擦形貌进行分析探讨,对比分析不同含量MoS_2复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能及机制。结果表明:MoS_2的加入促进了阴极极化,提高了镀层的结晶细致程度;同时能显著降低镀层摩擦因数,在MoS_2浓度为30 g/L的溶液中沉积的复合镀层在室温下的摩擦因数最低为0.02~0.03;在400℃以下摩擦环境中,复合镀层摩擦因数保持在0.02~0.05之间,具有很好的润滑性能;温度超过400℃时,MoS_2将逐渐被氧化为Mo O3,摩擦因数接近0.15,失去润滑效果。     

化学织构化45#钢表面涂覆MoS2薄膜的摩擦学性能

目的提高干摩擦条件下45~#钢表面的减摩耐磨性能。方法采用FeCl_3与HCl混合刻蚀液对45~#钢表面进行化学织构化处理,并在织构表面涂覆MoS_2形成复合润滑薄膜。通过摩擦磨损实验,评价了表面织构以及复合润滑薄膜的减摩耐磨特性,并通过扫描电子显微镜对磨痕进行分析。结果进行化学织构化处理后,45~#钢表面形成了均匀的微坑结构及由点蚀产生的孔洞结构,表面粗糙度Ra上升到了0.89μm,与未刻蚀的样品相比,刻蚀后表面的摩擦系数降低了23%,其摩擦过程也更稳定。这可能是由于刻蚀后产生的微坑与点蚀孔洞结构能够捕获磨屑,减少磨粒磨损。在经化学刻蚀后的织构表面上构筑了MoS_2薄膜,与未刻蚀的样品相比,这种表面的摩擦系数得到了极大的降低,能达到0.1左右,其耐磨寿命也得到了极大的延长,磨痕宽度也有了明显的降低。其主要原因可能是由于刻蚀后产生的微坑与点蚀孔洞结构存储的固体润滑剂,在摩擦过程中由对偶件带入摩擦区域进行了有效润滑。结论化学刻蚀形成的表面织构能够在一定程度上提高45#钢表面的摩擦学性能,涂覆MoS_2形成的复合润滑膜能够极大地降低45#钢表面的摩擦系数并大大延长其耐磨寿命。     

激光表面织构微坑形貌及面积占有率对氮化气缸套摩擦学性能的影响

针对氮化气缸套由于自身存在表面应力高、易变形等使其难以满足高强化内燃机气缸套要求的问题,以氮化气缸套-PVD活塞环为研究对象,采用Nd-YAG脉冲激光器在氮化气缸套表面进行织构化处理,研究脉冲激光参数对气缸套表面微织构微坑形貌及面积占有率对摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响,并分析其影响机制。发现织构微坑直径随激光能量密度、脉冲次数、离焦量增加而增大,而微坑深度随能量密度、脉冲个数、离焦量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势。不同面积占有率织构对气缸套-活塞环摩擦副均具有减摩耐磨作用,与无织构缸套摩擦副相比,微织构气缸套的摩擦因数降低10.07%～1.58%;磨损量降低26.71%～46.19%;微织构气缸套对应的活塞环试样磨损量降低10.12%～50.19%;微织构气缸套的拉缸时间提高了2.1～2.8倍。最低摩擦因数和磨损量及最佳抗拉缸性能均在面积占有率为10%的织构摩擦副获得。微织构改善气缸套摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的机制为贮存润滑油,减少摩擦副接触面积以及捕捉磨屑,减小磨粒磨损。获得了高强化条件下氮化气缸套织构化对其摩擦学性能的影响规律,可为开发高强度内燃机提供试验支持。     

Al_2O_3/MoS_2复合涂层的制备及摩擦磨损性能

以大气等离子喷涂工艺制备的Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层为模板,利用陶瓷涂层中存在的孔隙和微裂纹,采用水热反应在其内部原位合成具有润滑特性的MoS_2,制备出Al_2O_3/MoS_2的复合涂层。结果表明,通过水热反应在陶瓷涂层原有的微观缺陷中成功合成了MoS_2,合成的MoS_2固体粉末呈类球形状,并且这球状的粉末是由纳米片层状的MoS_2搭建组成的。摩擦试验结果表明,与纯Al_2O_3涂层相比,复合涂层中由于MoS_2润滑膜的形成,其摩擦因数和磨损率都显著降低,且载荷越大,复合涂层的摩擦性能越好。     

FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦磨损性能

采用对置往复式摩擦磨损试验机,选用CKS活塞环为配副,以摩擦因数、磨损量、断油摩擦时间为表征参数,以BP合金铸铁缸套为参照对象研究FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦磨损性能,探索FeNi合金镀铁缸套的磨损机制。逐级加载的磨损试验表明:FeNi合金镀铁缸套的摩擦因数较BP合金铸铁缸套增大11%~20%;而磨损量则降低了11%;贫油试验表明两种缸套拉缸时间均随载荷增大而缩短,在40 MPa时FeNi合金镀铁缸套的拉缸时间较BP合金铸铁缸套延长了约6.5倍。与BP合金铸铁缸套的磨损机理为基体碾压平台在反复接触应力作用下脱落,以及犁削/切削形式的磨粒磨损不同,FeNi合金镀铁缸套的磨损机理主要是网状裂纹周围镀铁层的疲劳剥落。     

高功率密度柴油机缸套激光渗硫复合处理技术研究

为提高大功率密度柴油机缸套的抗高温粘着磨损性能,文中采用高能量密度的激光束对柴油机缸套内壁进行网格化淬火处理,然后用低温离子渗硫技术在缸套内壁外层生成固体润滑的FeS相.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计等分析设备对缸套内壁的强化层进行表征分析,采用T11高温摩擦磨损试验机对处理前后缸套内壁的抗高温磨损性能进行了比较研究,研究结果表明:缸套内壁经过激光渗硫复合处理后,抗高温粘着性能大大提高,同时渗硫层能够防止发动机刚启动时机油润滑不良导致的异常磨损和改善摩擦副之间的润滑效果.探讨了缸套内壁复合处理强化前后的摩擦磨损失效机理.     

陶瓷颗粒含量对Cr-Al_2O_3复合镀活塞环摩擦磨损性能的影响

为了研究陶瓷颗粒含量对Cr-Al_2O_3复合镀活塞环摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用镀铬活塞环和4种Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒含量不同的Cr-Al_2O_3活塞环与CuNiCr合金铸铁缸套组成配对副,对其进行摩擦磨损试验,对比各配对副摩擦因数及磨损量。结果表明,镀铬活塞环-缸套配对副摩擦因数较大,约为其它4种含Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒的Cr-Al_2O_3活塞环-缸套配对副的1.2倍,磨损也比其它4种配对副严重,摩擦副的表面均已经发生严重的粘着磨损现象;其它4种含陶瓷颗粒的Cr-Al_2O_3活塞环-缸套配对副的摩擦因数相近,缸套的磨损量也相近,活塞环的磨损量随着陶瓷含量的增加而先减小后增加。陶瓷颗粒的镶嵌提高了活塞环的耐磨性能,陶瓷含量过少,活塞环表面承载能力不足;陶瓷颗粒含量过多,陶瓷颗粒易脱落,这些都会增大活塞环的磨损量。     

添加CeO_2对MoS_2基复合涂层摩擦学性能的影响

针对MoS_2基复合涂层耐磨性差和承载能力低的问题,以不同含量(质量分数)的CeO_2作为添加剂,采用喷涂法在GCr15钢表面制备MoS_2基复合涂层。利用摩擦磨损试验机和划痕仪分别研究涂层摩擦磨损性能和结合强度,并借助金相显微镜对涂层磨损形貌进行表征。结果表明:添加适量CeO_2可以改善涂层的摩擦磨损性能,其最佳含量为2%,此时摩擦因数和磨损量均最小,分别为0.232和0.011 3 mm~3;同时结合强度从22 N提高到28.29 N。涂层磨损量随载荷的增大而增大;而载荷小于8 N时,涂层的摩擦因数随载荷的增大而减小,当载荷大于8 N时,摩擦因数又有回升趋势。添加稀土后涂层的承载能力有明显提高。未添加稀土时,涂层产生严重剥离,并发生磨粒磨损;添加2%CeO_2后,涂层发生轻微磨粒磨损,耐磨性得到显著提高。     

缸套内壁激光渗硫复合层的组织与抗高温磨损性能

针对大功率密度柴油机缸套高温磨损失效问题,利用低温离子渗硫技术在42MnCr52钢激光淬火表面制备了渗硫层,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、纳米硬度仪、划痕仪和台架试验装置分析了复合层的形貌组成、组织结构、力学性能与高温磨损性能。结果表明,复合层表面疏松多孔,其相组成主要为FeS,厚度约为5μm,与基底结合紧密。在发动机台架试验条件下,激光渗硫复合处理能降低缸套的磨损量,同时减轻了对磨活塞环的磨损,其主要原因是复合层表面的固体润滑硫化物有效抑制了高温粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,改善了缸套/活塞环摩擦副表面的匹配性能,使缸套的抗高温磨损性能得到提高。     

Effects of solid lubricants on friction and wear behaviors of the phenolic coating under different friction conditions

The phenolic coating filled with micro-MoS₂ or micro-graphite was prepared by spraying the coating precursors. The friction and wear behaviors of the unfilled and filled phenolic composite coating sliding against the steel ring were evaluated on an MHK-500 friction and wear tester under dry friction and under water lubrication conditions. The worn surfaces of the unfilled and filled phenolic coating and the transfer films formed on the surface of the steel ring were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope (OM), respectively. FTIR analysis was performed to detect the chemical changes of the composite coating under different lubrication conditions. It was found that addition of graphite was effective in enhancing the wear life of the phenolic coating. Especially, the anti-wear ability of the phenolic coating was best when the content of graphite is 10 wt.%. However, the MoS₂ as filler was harmful to the friction and wear behaviors of the phenolic coating. The character of the fillers varied with the types of the solid lubricants and the transfer films of varied features formed on the counterpart steel ring, largely accounted for the different friction and wear behaviors of the unfilled and filled phenolic composite coating. Compared with under dry sliding, the phenolic composite coating filled with 10 wt.% MoS₂ or 10 wt.% graphite had lower friction coefficients and lower wear life under water lubrication. Since water hindered the formation of transferred films, and might penetrate and corrode the filler-matrix interface, the anti-wear ability of the phenolic composite coating reinforced with MoS₂ or graphite deteriorated under water lubrication.     

Effect of hardness of the piston ring coating on the wear characteristics of rubbing surfaces

In marine engines, the wear between the piston-ring face and the cylinder liner is an extremely unpredictable and hard-to-reproduce phenomenon that significantly decreases engine performance. This study investigates the characteristics of wear arising between both hard and soft piston-ring coatings and the running surface of the cylinder liner. A detailed tribological analysis using a Pin-on-Disk (POD) testing machine compares the wear rate and the friction coefficient between piston-ring coatings and the cylinder liner for various test parameters, such as test temperature, roughness of the liner, and lubrication. The experimental results show that the wear rate and the friction coefficient of soft coatings were higher than those of hard coatings. The wear rate and the friction coefficient were also found to be influenced by test temperature, due to the lubrication effect of the wear-protective oxidized layers that developed at elevated temperatures. The surface roughness of the cylinder liner on the wear rate strongly influenced the soft coating but was much less apparent for the hard coating. The morphological features of the scuffed cylinder liner revealed that a harder piston-ring coating enhances scuffing of the cylinder liner.     

Sliding wear characteristics of solid lubricant coating on titanium alloy surface modified by laser texturing and ternary hard coatings

Titanium alloys are poor in wear resistance and it is not suitable under sliding conditions even with lubrication because of its severe adhesive wear tendency. The surface modifications through texturing and surface coating were used to enhance the surface properties of the titanium alloy substrate. Hard and wear resistant coatings such as TiAlN and AlCrN were applied over textured titanium alloy surfaces with chromium as interlayer. To improve the friction and wear resisting performance of hard coatings further, solid lubricant, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), was deposited on dimples made over hard coatings. Unidirectional sliding wear tests were performed with pin on disc contact geometry, to evaluate the tribological performance of coated substrates. The tests were performed under three different normal loads for a period of 40 min at sliding velocity of 2 m/s. The tribological behaviours of multi-layer coatings such as coating structure, friction coefficient and specific wear rate were investigated and analyzed. The lower friction coefficient of approximately 0.1 was found at the early sliding stage, which reduces the material transfer and increases the wear life. Although, the friction coefficient increased to high values after MoS₂ coating was partially removed, substrate was still protected against wear by underlying hard composite layer.     

缸套内表面网纹对活塞环润滑性能影响研究

以流体润滑为基础，结合Reynolds方程和微凸体模型在考虑润滑油变黏度等因素条件下，建立活塞环-气缸套三维瞬态流体动压润滑模型。采用有限差分法结合MATLAB语言环境编制瞬态流体动压润滑程序并进行仿真计算，研究缸套内表面网纹对活塞环-缸套润滑摩擦性能的影响。结果表明：采用较大综合粗糙度或者交叉型网纹的缸套时，最小油膜厚度值增大、流体摩擦力和摩擦热流量减小，这对于提高润滑性能、减小活塞环与缸套间的摩擦损失有着重要的作用     

爆炸喷涂WC-12Co/MoS_2复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为进一步提高爆炸喷涂WC-12Co涂层的耐磨性,在WC-12Co合金粉末中添加不同比例的MoS2粉末,利用爆炸喷涂技术在Q235钢表面制备了系列WC-12Co/MoS2复合涂层.采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机对WC-12Co/MoS2复合涂层的微观组织形貌、结构、显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明,MoS2均匀的分布于复合涂层中,当MoS2含量为2%时,复合涂层的硬度、致密度变化不大,但摩擦系数和磨损率大幅度下降,分别为WC-12Co涂层的50%和36%.随着MoS2含量的增加,复合涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均呈上升趋势.     

Surface texturing for adaptive Ag/MoS2 solid lubricant plating

The objective of this research is to prepare specially designed surface texture on hard steel surface by electrochemical micromachining (EM) and to incorporate electroless plated Ag/MoS2 solid lubricant coating into the dimples of EM textured steel surface to effectively reduce friction and wear of steel-steel contacts. The friction and wear behavior of the Ag/MoS2 solid lubricant coating on EM textured steel surface was evaluated in relation to the size and spacing of the dimples thereon. The microstructure of as-plated Ag/MoS2 solid lubricant coating and the morphology and elemental composition of the worn coating surface and counterface steel surface were analyzed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. It is found that electroless plated Ag/MoS2 coating is able to greatly reduce the friction and wear of the EM textured steel disc coupled with GCr15 steel ring, mainly because of the formation of solid self-lubricating layer on the EM textured steel surface and of transferred lubricating film on counterface steel surface. The diameter and spacing of the dimples are suggested as 500 μm for acquiring the best wear resistance of the hard steel discs after electrochemical micromachining treatment and electroless plating of Ag/MoS2 solid lubricating coating.     

激光表面织构对铸铁摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的找出最佳的表面织构方案,将其应用在摩擦副的表面处理上,从而达到降摩减阻、节能减排的目的。方法设计了两种不同的加工面积占有率(10%和20%),三种不同形状的表面织构(圆坑、椭圆坑、沟槽),对铸铁试件进行激光表面加工,并利用环-块磨损试验机进行油润滑摩擦磨损实验。结果表面织构对铸铁材料的摩擦磨损性能有明显改善,尤其在磨损量方面。三种不同形状的表面织构相比,圆形表面织构试件的磨损量最小。两种不同面积占有率相比,面积占有率为20%的圆形微织构试件的磨损量最小,并在一定程度上减小了摩擦系数。结论在本实验研究条件下,面积占有率为20%的圆形表面织构对改善铸铁材料的摩擦磨损性能最显著。     

活塞环表面织构化镀层的摩擦性能研究

目的以缸套/活塞环为试验对象,研究激光织构化与固体润滑镀层的协同减摩作用。方法采用脉冲激光在活塞环表面进行微孔化处理,利用电脉冲沉积法在微孔内制备具有不同MoS_2微粒浓度的Ni-MoS_2复合镀层,通过往复式摩擦试验研究织构化表面沉积固体润滑剂对活塞环-缸套的影响机制。结果镀液中MoS_2微粒浓度对镀层的硬度和摩擦学性能影响较大,相同电流密度下,电镀液中MoS_2微粒的质量浓度为5g/L时的镀层硬度最高,该浓度下Ni-MoS_2复合镀层在干摩擦下具有最佳的摩擦系数和最低的磨损率。织构化复合镀层可以显著改善接触面间的摩擦性能,相比未织构化摩擦配副,摩擦系数降低约0.2,磨损率下降50%。结论干摩擦条件下,表面织构可以有效地储存摩擦副之间的固体润滑剂和磨粒,在接触表面形成连续润滑膜,减少磨粒磨损。