热电Bi2Te3/Bi2Se3纳米“弹簧”材料的电化学组装

为了探索制备具有高热电优值的一维纳米材料,采用脉冲电化学技术制备了一种热电Bi₂Te₃/Bi₂Se₃多层纳米线材料。对电沉积过程的监测结果表明,电沉积过程中体系电阻不断增大,随着电沉积的不断进行,体系电阻增大幅度越来越小。对电沉积产物进行退火处理,然后溶解掉模板,进行XRD测试,结果表明,所制备的产物是Bi₂Te₃/Bi₂Se₃,同时,有很多“卫星峰”出现在衍射图上,表明所制备的材料具有超晶格结构。运用FE-SEM、TEM对产物形貌进行分析,结果发现,所制备的材料是像“弹簧”一样形状的Bi₂Te₃/Bi₂Se₃多层纳米线。通过对脉冲时间的调节,可以实现对多层纳米线周期的调制。     

真空熔炼及热压烧结制备Bi2Te2.7Se0.3热电材料的微结构研究

采用真空熔炼制备了三元Bi2Te2.7Se0.3合金材料,再利用热压烧结法烧结成型,用XRD和SEM对材料物相成分和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,Bi、Te、Se单质粉末经真空熔炼形成了单相Bi2Te2.7Se0.3合金,热压烧结过程中未发生相变反应,热压烧结后仍为单相Bi2Te2.7Se0.3;热压烧结后热电材料在微观结构上存在各向异性,沿垂直于压力方向产生优化取向,沿(0001)面的解理断裂局限在单颗晶粒的尺寸范围,这预示着能够在增强材料力学性能的同时提高热电性能。     

通过水溶性聚三钼酸盐制备纳米流体通道及系统

利用水溶性聚三钼酸盐纳米线作为牺牲材料,通过模板法制备了纳米流体通道,其关键技术在于寻找到合适的牺牲材料。通过水溶液合成法,在常温常压下制备得到直径为20～150nm的聚三钼酸盐纳米线,这些水溶性的纳米线在截面积极小的纳米通道中,能通过纵向劈裂迅速增加有效溶液接触面积,达到快速溶解的效果,能实现截面形状可控,是通道壁材料多样的纳米流体通道的理想牺牲材料。将纳米线与光刻技术相结合,分析其制备过程,能清晰观察到纳米流体通道的形貌。该技术对于微纳流体器件及系统的研究具有重要意义和价值。     

SnO2/Zn2SnO4纳米结构的制备及光谱性质

采用自蔓延高温合成-喷射法制备了SnO2纳米线和SnO2/Zn2SnO4纳米结构,利用XRD、SEM、UV-vis和FT-IR对其物相、形貌和谱学性质进行了表征。结果表明:SnO2纳米线凝胶对紫外-可见光的透光度随着SnO2纳米线加入量的增加而增加,但是,SnO2/Zn2SnO4凝胶对紫外-可见光的透光度却随着SnO2/Zn2SnO4的增加而减少;与SnO2纳米线相比,SnO2/Zn2SnO4在1090,1430,1640,3450cm-14个特征波长附近对红外光谱的选择吸收率明显提高,因而对H2O、CH4、CO和CO2等气体的敏感性将显著增强。     

Li4Ti5O12/TiN复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以尿素为氮源,采用高温热处理方法在Li4Ti5O12表面自生长一层纳米尺寸厚度的TiN导电包覆膜。利用DSC-TG、Raman、TEM、FT-IR、XRD及恒流充放电等测试手段,研究热处理工艺对材料结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:使用适中的尿素原料含量可以获得均匀连续、厚度适中的TiN导电膜,较高的热处理温度有利于促进TiN的生成,而较短的热处理时间可以保持材料物相的纯净和较高结晶度。在尿素含量10%(质量分数)、热处理温度800℃、热处理时间20 min的工艺条件下,所制备的复合材料的容量和倍率性能最优,0.2C和3C初始放电比容量分别达到162.4和130.2 mA.h/g。     

Zn0.95Co0.05O纳米线和纳米管的电泳沉积法可控合成（英文）

以阳极氧化铝为模板通过电泳沉积法制备Zn0.95Co0.05O纳米线和纳米管,并对电泳沉积法制备纳米线(管)的机理进行研究。系统的结构表征表明所得的纳米管和纳米线是由8～15nm的纤锌矿纳米晶构成的多晶结构,Co2+离子以代位掺杂形式掺入晶格,取代了晶格中的Zn2+离子。磁性表征显示制备的纳米线和纳米管具有室温铁磁性。由于Co在纳米线(管)中表面择优分布,纳米管的磁性明显高于纳米线。     

采用溶胶-凝胶法在多孔氧化铝模板上制备立方相WO3纳米线

采用溶胶-凝胶法在纳米孔氧化铝模板上成功制备形貌各异的WO3纳米线.X射线衍射分析表明所制备的WO3纳米线为立方相结构.经扫描电子显微镜观察发现产物多数为菊花状WO3纳米线,其直径约10～80 nm,长约几微米.与空气气氛相比,氩气气氛更有助于WCl6三嵌段共聚物溶胶在多孔氧化铝模板上形成形貌各异的WO3纳米线.     

核/壳结构Fe/FeS_2纳米线结构与磁性能

利用电沉积及热硫化法制备了核/壳结构Fe/FeS2纳米线,研究了硫化过程对纳米线体系磁特性的影响。试验中,通过直流电沉积方法,可以在纳米孔洞高度有序排布的阳极氧化铝模板中制备Fe纳米线,之后部分溶去模板,再经450℃硫化处理,Fe纳米线表面可形成＂毛刷＂绒状物FeS2,从而形成核/壳结构Fe/FeS2纳米线。结果表明,随着高温硫化处理,Fe纳米线直径略有减小,且择优取向发生变化,并引起复合纳米线饱和磁化强度及矫顽力增强,主要认为是由于核/壳复合结构的形成引起纳米线体系静磁耦合作用降低所致。     

纳米复合结构热电材料研究进展

阐述了纳米复合结构热电材料的概念,介绍了制备纳米复合结构热电材料的方法,以及制备过程中存在的困难,并初步分析了纳米复合结构提高材料热电优值的原因.介绍了纳米复合结构在热电材料制备领域中的应用现状及其应用前景.     

纳米复合结构热电材料研究进展

阐述了纳米复合结构热电材料的概念,介绍了制备纳米复合结构热电材料的方法,以及制备过程中存在的困难,并初步分析了纳米复合结构提高材料热电优值的原因。介绍了纳米复合结构在热电材料制备领域中的应用现状及其应用前景。     

Enhanced NO2 sensing characteristics of Pd-functionalized networked In2O3 nanowires

In this work, we fabricated Pd-functionalized networked In₂O₃ nanowires. For the Pd-functionalization, In₂O₃-Pd core-shell nanowires were synthesized by depositing Pd layers using a sputtering method on bare In₂O₃ nanowires. The continuous Pd shell layers were transformed into islands of cubic Pd/PdO phase by thermal heating. We compared the NO₂ sensing characteristics of the sensors fabricated from Pd-functionalized and bare In₂O₃ nanowires, respectively. The results demonstrated that Pd functionalization greatly improves sensitivity and response time in In₂O₃ nanowire-based gas sensors. The improvement of sensing properties is likely caused by not only the enhanced adsorption or dissociation of NO₂, but also the associated spillover effects, which are both caused by the Pd-functionalization.     

Fabrication of V3O7·H2O@C core-shell nanostructured composites and the effect of V3O7·H2O and V3O7·H2O@C on decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

V₃O₇·H₂O@C core-shell materials have been synthesized using V₃O₇·H₂O nanobelts as the cores and glucose as the source of carbon via an environmental hydrothermal method. The as-obtained V₃O₇·H₂O@C core-shell materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectrum. The influences of the reaction temperature, concentration of glucose and reaction time on the morphologies of the samples were respectively discussed in detail. The possible formation mechanism of V₃O₇·H₂O@C was proposed according to our experimental results. Furthermore, the effect of V₃O₇·H₂O and V₃O₇·H₂O@C on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The thermal decomposition temperatures of AP in the presence of V₃O₇·H₂O and V₃O₇·H₂O@C were reduced by 70 and 89 °C, respectively, which indicates that V₃O₇·H₂O@C core-shell composites have higher activity than V₃O₇·H₂O.     

激光热喷涂Co30Cr8W1.6C3Ni1.4Si涂层在PAO+2.5%MoDTC油中摩擦学特性

为了提高TC4合金的耐磨性能,采用激光热喷涂技术在其表面制备了Co₃₀Cr₈W_1.6C₃Ni_1.4Si涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析了涂层的形貌和物相,并通过摩擦磨损实验研究了涂层在PAO+2.5% MoDTC（质量分数）油中的磨损行为。结果表明,激光热喷涂的Co₃₀Cr₈W_1.6C₃Ni_1.4Si涂层主要由Ti、WC_1-x、CoO、Co₂Ti₄O和CoAl相组成,在涂层界面形成冶金结合。在激光功率为1000、1200和1400 W时所制备的涂层平均摩擦因数分别为0.151、0.120和0.171,其对应的磨损率分别为1.17×10^-6、1.33×10^-6和2.80×10^-6 mm³?N^-1?m^-1,磨损机理为磨粒磨损,其枝晶尺寸对降磨起主要作用。     

Synthesis of Bi2S3 microsphere and its efficient photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation

A novel Bi₂S₃ microsphere was fabricated through one-pot urea-assisted solvothermal method. The synthesized Bi₂S₃ microsphere was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (DTA-TG). Subsequently, the photocatalytic performances of Bi₂S₃ microsphere were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) simulation solution under visible-light irradiation. The results show that, Bi₂S₃ microsphere could be used as a potential cost-efficient catalysis for eliminating of methyl orange from aqueous solutions, whose degradation rate could reach 91.07% within 180 min. Besides, a tentative photocatalytic reaction mechanism was discussed according to the energy band position. Therefore, this work indicated a simplistic approach for the fabrication of visible-light responsive Bi₂S₃ microsphere photocatalyst, which can be used as a valuable candidate in solar energy conversion and environment pollution treatment.     

W18O49@Cu2O纳微米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能研究

本文首先用热蒸发方法制备得到了W₁₈O₄₉纳微米棒,然后经醋酸铜饱和溶液浸泡后再热处理的办法成功在W₁₈O₄₉纳微米棒表面负载Cu₂O制得得到了W₁₈O₄₉@Cu₂O纳微米复合材料;采用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线能谱分析及透射电子显微镜对样品进行分析表征;最后选用亚甲基蓝溶液作为目标降解物模拟污水处理测试材料的光催化性能。实验结果表明,W₁₈O₄₉纳微米棒在饱和醋酸铜溶液中浸泡时间越长,所得到的催化剂中Cu₂O的负载量越多,且所制备的W₁₈O₄₉@Cu₂O的纳微米复合材料相对于纯W₁₈O₄₉纳微米棒,其光催化效率得到了显著提高。     

Thermal shock behavior of Si3N4-TiN nano-composites

Si₃N₄-TiN nano-composites were fabricated by hot press sintering nano-sized Si₃N₄ and TiN powders. The microstructure, mechanical properties and thermal shock behavior of Si₃N₄-TiN nano-composites were investigated. The addition of proper amount TiN particles can significantly increase the flexural strength and the fracture toughness. Si₃N₄-TiN nano-composites showed both higher critical temperature difference and higher residual strength compared with those of monolithic silicon nitride nano-ceramic when the amount of TiN is less than 15 wt.%. But a further increase in the amount of TiN leaded to a decrease in the thermal shock resistance.     

Synthesis of single-crystal niobium pentoxide nanobelts

In this study, we first developed a simple synthetic route to prepare layered structure NH₄Nb₃O₈ nanobelts, and then converted NH₄Nb₃O₈ phase to single-crystal Nb₂O₅ by thermal treatment in air. The lengths of the nanobelts range from several hundreds of nanometers to several tens of micrometers, and the thickness and width of nanobelts are ∼15 and ∼60 nm, respectively. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism for the formation of nanobelts was proposed. Such a simple synthetic route offers great opportunities for the scale-up preparation of one-dimensional nanostructured materials. Furthermore, the synthesized Nb₂O₅ nanobelts were successfully employed, for the first time, as an electrode material in dye-sensitized solar cells using a metal-free idoline dye as a sensitizer and its photovoltaic performance of the solar cells was investigated under illumination of simulated AM 1.5 solar light (100 mW cm⁻²).     

Microwave-assisted combustion synthesis in a mechanically activated Al-TiO2-H3BO3 system

The Al₂O₃-TiB₂ in-situ composite has been fabricated by different techniques. In this work, the mechanical activation process has been used to aid microwave-assisted combustion synthesis (MACS) to produce the Al₂O₃-TiB₂ in-situ composite. For this purpose, the thermite mixture of Al, TiO₂ and boric acid (H₃BO₃) powders was used as the raw materials, and was mechanically activated at different milling speeds. The results of X-ray phase analysis of the mechanically activated samples after combustion synthesis showed that the Al₂O₃-TiB₂ in-situ composite has been successfully fabricated by thermal explosion mode of combustion synthesis in microwave, while no combustion synthesis occurred for the unmilled sample. Also, it was found that by increasing the milling speed from 250 to 400 rpm, the purity of the final products has been increased; while further milling speed up to 550 rpm reduced the purity of the final products. The effects of milling speed were also studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. It was shown that by increasing the energy level of the reactants via milling speed, the ignition temperature and the intensity of exothermic peaks in the DSC curves have been changed. Finally, in order to have a good understanding about the in-situ formation of such ceramic composites, a reaction mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results. The synthesized composite exhibited high microhardness value of about 1950 Hv in dense parts.     

Thermal shock behavior of nanostructured and conventional Al2O3/13 wt%TiO2 coatings fabricated by plasma spraying

The thermal shock behavior of three kinds of Al₂O₃/13 wt%TiO₂ coatings fabricated by plasma spraying was studied in this paper. One kind of those coatings was derived from conventional fused and crushed feedstock powder available commercially; the other two kinds of coatings were derived from nanostructured agglomerated feedstock powders. These two nano coatings possess moderate pores and pre-existing microcracks, they were composed of fused structure and three-dimensional net or skeleton-like structure. For conventional coatings, the pores and pre-existing cracks were bigger, sharp-point and mostly distributed between splats. Thermal shock tests for the three coatings were performed by water quenching method. Testing result showed the two kinds of nano coatings had much higher thermal shock resistance than the conventional coatings. The improved thermal shock resistance for nano coatings could attribute to their improved microstructure and crack propagation mode. The damage evolution and failure mechanism of coatings was quite different at thermal shock temperature of 650 °C and 850 °C, which was explained by a simple model. Different crack propagating modes in nanostructured and conventional coatings during thermal shock tests were due to their different microstructures in these two kinds coatings. The stress state of coating surfaces during the thermal cycles was also discussed in this paper.     

Structural and hyperfine properties of Ti48Zr7Fe18 nano-compounds and its hydrides

It is well established that Ti-based nano-alloys are able to absorb hydrogen with relatively high hydrogen to metal ratio of 4/3. In this study the Ti₄₈Zr₇Fe₁₈ nano-compound, prepared by mechanical alloying (MA), has been investigated. In its initial state the compound is amorphous, however upon thermal treatment it transforms to the quasicrystalline icosahedral structure (i-phase), which is based on the Mackay cluster type. Structural characterization of the sample was made by means of XRD measurements. Thermodynamic properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). To find the influence of hydrogen and structure type on hyperfine interactions the Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) experiment was performed, as well. The amorphous sample after MA was hydrogenated in order to unveil hydrogen influence on crystal properties of the sample. Upon hydrogenation of the amorphous sample a decomposition into simple hydrides took place.