循环伏安沉积纳米氧化钌基超级电容器电极材料

在三氯化钌(RuCl3)水溶液中,采用循环伏安法在钽电极表面电化学沉积无定形水合氧化钌(RuO2.xH2O)作为超级电容器电极材料。能谱分析表明,在循环伏安负向扫描时Ru3+在钽电极表面还原为钌金属(Ru),沉积的Ru在随后的正向扫描时被氧化为RuO2.xH2O。扫描电镜观测显示出负向扫描沉积的Ru为纳米尺度,因而获得了纳米结构的RuO2.xH2O。由于纳米结构可以提高电极比表面积和显著缩短离子和电子的传输路径,因而获得了具有高电化学活性的RuO2基超级电容器电极材料。循环伏安、恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗谱测试证实,该电极材料在38%(质量分数,下同)的H2SO4溶液中具有接近理想电容器的容量行为,比容量高达730F.g-1(扫描速率为50mV.s-1)。在质量负载为1.2mg.cm-2时,比容量仍高达700F.g-1。另外,其容量在10万次循环后仍保持不变,充放电效率接近100%。并且该方法可以直接在钽金属基底上电化学沉积RuO2.xH2O,避免了在常规电化学沉积法中需要的预涂层。     

混合电容器多孔氧化钌阴极涂层的制备与表征

采用电沉积方法制备了混合电容器钽基多孔氧化钌阴极涂层材料,探讨了电沉积过程中电沉积液的pH值随电沉积时间的变化关系,研究了电沉积时间对氧化钌沉积质量的影响.用X射线衍射和扫描电镜分别表征了热处理前后的涂层结构及涂层的多孔形貌,用循环伏安法测量了涂层的电容,并研究了热处理温度对电容量大小及其稳定性的影响.结果表明:电沉积的氧化钌为非晶态,涂层为纳米多孔结构;热处理有利于涂层孔隙结构及大小的均匀性,不同温度的热处理使涂层具有不同的电容,经热处理后涂层的电容稳定;经100℃热处理1 h后的多孔氧化钌涂层具有最大的比电容.     

锂离子电池用金属锡电沉积层的储锂性能

以铜箔为基体,采用电沉积法制备锡电沉积层,并将其制成锂离子电池用锡电极。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能量分散分析、X射线衍射、循环伏安和恒流充放电等对锡电极的物理性质和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明:调整电沉积时间可以有效地改变锡沉积层的表面形貌;电沉积5min获得的网状多孔结构的锡沉积层具有较大的不可逆容量和较好的电化学循环性能;电沉积较长时间制得的致密颗粒状金属锡电沉积层具有相对较大的可逆储锂容量,但其在电化学循环过程中会出现容量衰退现象;锡颗粒尺寸的降低有利于改进颗粒状金属锡电沉积层的储锂性能;电沉积15min制得的锡沉积层由粒径较小的颗粒组成,经30次充放电循环后其可逆储锂容量为400mA·h/g。     

钛基钌镧氧化物涂层结构对电化学活性的影响

以RuCl33H2O和LaCl37H2O为前驱物,通过热分解方法制备Ti基Ru-La氧化物涂层,用循环伏安法(CV)、热分析(DSC-TG)法、X射线衍射(XRD)仪及原子力显微镜(AFM)等测试手段对涂层电化学活性、结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明,加入La使钌基氧化物涂层晶粒细化,扩大了活性表面积,从而使电化学活性得到提高。另外,La提高了RuCl3热分解温度,并抑制了RuO2和RuOx(x>2)结晶和长大,其混合氧化物主要以非晶态形式存在。当La含量达到30%(摩尔分数)时,晶粒尺寸达到最小值,其电化学活性最好。     

纳米氧化钌的制备及其碳纳米管复合电极的超电容特性

利用氯化钌和碳酸氢钠为反应前驱体,采用溶胶凝胶方法制备了粒径小于70nm的超细氧化钌电极材料。将材料在210℃下加热烧结处理后,材料具有良好的表面特性和最大电化学比容量541F·g-1。当烧结温度在250℃以上时,氧化钌材料明显晶化,同时材料比容量迅速降低。伏安特性测试表明以碳纳米管作为基体制备复合电极可以显著改善氧化钌的容量特性,其中碳纳米管质量分数为20%的复合电极其比容量可以达到860F·g-1。恒流充放电测试证明氧化钌/碳纳米管复合电极组成的超电容器具有良好的大电流放电特性。还综合采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、热失重分析等手段探讨了烧结温度对氧化钌材料的表面特性、材料结构以及电化学特性的影响。     

电沉积制备La-Mg-Ni贮氢合金薄膜及其性能的研究

采用恒电流沉积方法在水溶液中沉积出LaMgNi4合金薄膜。利用循环伏安、模拟电池充放电循环、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究了电沉积合金薄膜的电化学性能和表面形貌及结构。结果表明,该合金薄膜作为贮氢电极具有较好的电化学性能,其电化学活性高,活化性能好,首次充放电比容量达398mAh/g。     

电活性NiHCF薄膜在含Pb2+溶液中的离子交换性能

采用阴极电沉积方法制备电活性NiHCF薄膜,考察薄膜在含Pb2+溶液中的电控离子交换性能.在0.1 mol/L的Pb(NO3)2溶液中,通过循环伏安法调节膜电极的氧化还原电位考察其活性和可逆性,并结合电化学石英晶体微天平(EQCM)技术分析离子的交换机制,同时比较Co(NO3)2和Ni(NO3)2溶液中NiHCF膜电极的电化学行为;在0.1 mol/L [Pb(NO3)2+Co(NO3)2]和0.1 mol/L [Pb(NO3)2+Ni(NO3)2]两组混合溶液中,通过循环伏安法分析薄膜对Pb2+/Co2+和Pb2+/Ni2+的选择性;并通过X射线能谱仪(EDS)分别测定膜在氧化和还原状态下的元素组成.结果表明,电活性NiHCF膜在含Pb2+、Co2+和Ni2+溶液中均具有可逆的离子交换行为,对Pb2+的选择性高于对Co2+和Ni2+的,通过电控离子交换方法可以使Pb2+从废水中得到有效分离.     

Ru_(0.1)Mn_(0.9)O_x的制备与电化学赝电容特性研究

结合氧化钌理想的电化学赝电容特性和二氧化锰资源广泛、对环境友好的优势,采用氧化共沉淀法制备出Ru0.1Mn0.9Ox新型电化学电容器复合电极材料,通过循环伏安(CV)、计时电位(Chronopotentiometry)、交流阻抗(AC impedance)、热重-差热(TG/DSC)以及X射线衍射(XRD)等实验研究了电极材料的电化学赝电容性、阻抗特征、晶形结构及热处理温度对材料的晶形和赝电容的影响.结果表明:当热处理温度低于180 ℃时,可制备出稳定、非晶态的Ru0.1Mn0.9Ox;当温度为350 ℃时,复合材料中的无定形二氧化锰已转变为α-MnO2,掺杂的氧化钌晶形不变.与纯MnO2相比,Ru0.1Mn0.9Ox复合电极材料具有较低的极化内阻、较高的比电容、良好的电化学可逆性和显著的电化学赝电容特征.     

新型Nd掺杂PbO_2阳极性能及对AOII的电催化氧化作用

采用电沉积法制备了稀土金属Nd改性Pb O_2电极(Nd-Pb O_2),并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、荧光光谱(FP)、线性极化扫描(LSV)、强化寿命测试(ALT)、循环伏安扫描(CV)等方法表征了其表面结构和电化学性能,探讨了对酸性橙II(AOII)的电催化氧化性能。SEM、XRD、XPS测试结果表明,Nd以Nd~(3+)形式掺杂进入电极镀层,同时对表面形貌、元素组成均有不同程度的改变,但不改变镀层表面的β-Pb O_2晶型;电化学性能测试表明,Nd掺杂可有效提高电极的析氧电位和稳定性;CV测试及AOII降解实验结果表明,Nd-Pb O_2电极对AOII还表现出直接氧化作用,电催化氧化AOII能力更强;FP分析表明,Nd-Pb O_2具有较强的催生羟基自由基能力,可增强电极降解有机物的催化活性。     

(110)晶面全择优取向镀锌层的制备及其耐蚀性能

运用循环伏安法和X射线衍射技术研究两种添加剂对碱性锌酸盐体系中锌电沉积行为和镀锌层织构的影响,探讨制备(110)晶面全择优取向镀锌层的电沉积工艺条件,并用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究(110)晶面全择优取向镀锌层的耐蚀性能。结果表明:添加剂A阻化锌的电沉积,有利于镀锌层(110)晶面择优取向;添加剂B对锌电沉积阻化作用和镀锌层的择优取向的影响不明显;基础镀液同时加入添加剂A和添加剂B,阻化作用最大,二者的协同作用可以获得(110)晶面全择优取向镀锌层。(110)晶面全择优取向镀锌层相对于呈随机生长的镀锌层自腐蚀电位正移了146 mV,腐蚀电化学阻抗值提高约7倍,镀锌层的结构影响其耐蚀性能。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.