304不锈钢微尺度试样的腐蚀疲劳性能

用新组建的微尺寸试样腐蚀疲劳实验平台研究了304不锈钢微试样在腐蚀性介质(0.9%NaCl溶液)和实验室空气中的疲劳性能.结果表明:预腐蚀后,微试样表面腐蚀形貌为均匀腐蚀,没有发现明显的点蚀特征.微试样在空气中的疲劳寿命为107次,是腐蚀介质中疲劳寿命的10-100倍.腐蚀疲劳过程中伴随着最大载荷的降低.且在疲劳断裂前很短的时间内,最大载荷急剧降低.腐蚀疲劳断口上没有明显的腐蚀疲劳长裂纹出现.     

腐蚀损伤对AA7075-T651铝合金疲劳行为影响的研究

为研究腐蚀损伤对AA7075-T651铝合金疲劳行为的影响,首先分别将AA7075-T651铝合金试样浸泡在3.5％(质量分数)NaCl溶液中150和500h,然后,使用含腐蚀损伤试样进行疲劳试验,获得含不同腐蚀损伤特征试样的疲劳寿命分布特征.结果 表明,与原始试样的疲劳寿命相比,相同载荷条件下腐蚀损伤会明显地降低铝合...     

海洋大气环境与拉伸疲劳载荷协同作用下不同加载方式对7050铝合金腐蚀损伤特性的影响

目的 研究不同应力加载条件对7050铝合金在海洋大气环境与拉伸疲劳载荷协同作用下的腐蚀损伤行为的影响规律。方法 以实际海洋大气环境为7050铝合金的薄液膜腐蚀环境,同时采用自主研发的疲劳载荷试验装置对暴露在海洋大气环境中的7050铝合金施加不同的拉伸疲劳载荷。研究应力比和载荷加载周期对协同作用效应下7050铝合金的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌、疲劳性能及断口形貌等的影响规律。结果 在海洋大气环境与拉伸疲劳载荷协同作用下,所有7050铝合金试样均发生了点蚀和晶间腐蚀。在每月加载1次应力的条件下,应力比为0.1和0.06的试样的最大腐蚀深度分别为40.1、46.5μm。在每周加载1次应力的条件下,试样的最大腐蚀深度为41.2μm。每周加载应力、应力比为0.06的试样的腐蚀速率显著大于应力比为0.1、每月加载应力的试样的腐蚀速率,且前者更易发生腐蚀疲劳断裂。所有试样的断口都呈现出疲劳断裂特征,裂纹源在合金表面,并放射性地向试样芯部扩展。结论 缩小应力加载周期及减小应力比均会显著加速协同作用效应下7050铝合金的腐蚀损伤进程,降低其抗疲劳性能。     

微弧表面处理对AZ31B镁合金耐腐蚀及耐腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

采用微弧表面处理技术(微弧氧化MAO和微弧复合MCC)在AZ31B镁合金基体上制备出不同断面结构的防护涂层。通过电化学腐蚀及腐蚀疲劳测试方法,研究了MAO、MCC涂层的电化学腐蚀及腐蚀疲劳性能。结果表明,生长10 min的MAO涂层具有较好的耐电化学腐蚀性能。MAO涂层表面存在微孔和微裂纹,在应力条件下微孔和微裂纹作为疲劳断裂的裂纹萌生点,可加速裂纹的萌生与扩展,使其腐蚀疲劳寿命相较AZ31B合金基体降低了55%。而具有MCC涂层的AZ31B合金试样腐蚀疲劳极限为(64.0±5.4) MPa,比AZ31B合金基体提高了59%。在低应力载荷下(＜80 MPa),微弧复合涂层试样的腐蚀疲劳强度得到明显提高。     

车轮铸钢铁基合金涂层改善热疲劳损伤的强化机制

用扫描电镜分析研究了铁基合金涂层对车轮铸钢材料抗热疲劳损伤机制的影响.结果表明,铁基涂层试样表面出现一些腐蚀坑和微裂纹,但并未出现剥落现象,涂层有效地阻碍了微裂纹向基体的传播,较好地避免了基体材料的热疲劳损伤.而在同等条件下未涂层试样不论是表面还是断口处都已遭受了较为严重的破坏.     

S135钻杆钢预腐蚀后的弯曲疲劳性能

目的：考察有机盐钻井液对S135钻杆材料腐蚀及疲劳性能的影响。方法首先利用高温高压釜模拟有机盐钻井液井筒的工况环境,对疲劳试样进行预腐蚀,通过点蚀仪测定试样表面的腐蚀状况;然后利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机在不同弯曲应力条件下对预腐蚀试样和未腐蚀试样的疲劳性能进行测试,算得不同存活率下的疲劳强度,并绘制不同存活率下的S-N曲线。用体视显微镜和扫描电镜观察预腐蚀试样和未腐蚀试样的疲劳断口形貌,进而得出S135钻杆材料表面腐蚀对其疲劳寿命的影响程度和影响机制。结果经过腐蚀的试样表面有较多腐蚀坑,腐蚀坑深度在0.4~0.7 mm之间。未腐蚀试样的疲劳强度为553 MPa,其疲劳断口只观察到单个疲劳裂纹源;腐蚀试样的疲劳强度为409 MPa,其疲劳断口观察到多个疲劳裂纹源。 S135钻杆材料腐蚀疲劳开裂敏感性指数为26%。结论经过高温高压有机盐钻井液环境腐蚀后,试样表面点蚀严重,腐蚀坑底部存在应力集中并导致裂纹源的形成,多个裂纹源的同时生长加快了裂纹的扩展,最终降低S135钻杆钢的疲劳强度。     

S135钻杆钢预腐蚀后的弯曲疲劳性能

目的考察有机盐钻井液对S135钻杆材料腐蚀及疲劳性能的影响。方法首先利用高温高压釜模拟有机盐钻井液井筒的工况环境,对疲劳试样进行预腐蚀,通过点蚀仪测定试样表面的腐蚀状况;然后利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机在不同弯曲应力条件下对预腐蚀试样和未腐蚀试样的疲劳性能进行测试,算得不同存活率下的疲劳强度,并绘制不同存活率下的S-N曲线。用体视显微镜和扫描电镜观察预腐蚀试样和未腐蚀试样的疲劳断口形貌,进而得出S135钻杆材料表面腐蚀对其疲劳寿命的影响程度和影响机制。结果经过腐蚀的试样表面有较多腐蚀坑,腐蚀坑深度在0.4~0.7 mm之间。未腐蚀试样的疲劳强度为553 MPa,其疲劳断口只观察到单个疲劳裂纹源;腐蚀试样的疲劳强度为409 MPa,其疲劳断口观察到多个疲劳裂纹源。S135钻杆材料腐蚀疲劳开裂敏感性指数为26%。结论经过高温高压有机盐钻井液环境腐蚀后,试样表面点蚀严重,腐蚀坑底部存在应力集中并导致裂纹源的形成,多个裂纹源的同时生长加快了裂纹的扩展,最终降低S135钻杆钢的疲劳强度。     

喷丸对预腐蚀后铝合金疲劳性能的影响

目的分析喷丸对铝合金腐蚀损伤构件疲劳性能的影响,为飞机构件的维修提供有效指导。方法以未喷丸、三面喷丸、三面喷丸腐蚀后再三面喷丸3类不同表面状态的7075铝合金试样为研究对象,改变Na Cl溶液质量分数、时间、温度,获得两种程度不同的腐蚀损伤,通过疲劳寿命、断裂位置、断口形貌,分析表面喷丸状态对铝合金疲劳性能的影响。结果腐蚀损伤较轻时,喷丸试样的疲劳寿命为未喷丸试样的7.84倍,喷丸试样腐蚀后若再喷丸处理,疲劳寿命是不再喷丸试样的1.62倍。未喷丸试样的断裂位置位于截面突变颈部区域,另两类喷丸试样的断裂位置则在夹持段前端。未喷丸试样的裂纹在断口表面的边缘位置形成,喷丸试样的中心区域形成光滑平整的稳态扩展区。腐蚀损伤严重时,喷丸处理仍然会提高铝合金的疲劳寿命,但3类不同表面状态试样的疲劳寿命差距会缩小;从试样断裂位置、断口形貌看,3类试样的差异也会弱化。结论铝合金腐蚀损伤件若腐蚀前进行表面先喷丸处理,疲劳性能会有明显提升;若腐蚀后再喷丸处理,疲劳性能还会进一步提升;喷丸处理还会削弱铝合金外形截面突变处的应力集中,抑制疲劳裂纹在构件表面的萌生及延伸。     

高强铝合金在海洋大气环境与拉伸疲劳载荷协同作用下的腐蚀损伤行为对比研究

目的 对比研究2024和7A52高强铝合金在海洋大气环境与拉伸疲劳载荷协同作用下的腐蚀损伤特性,并揭示其失效机理。方法 以实际海洋大气环境作为高强铝合金的薄液膜腐蚀环境,同时采用自主研发的疲劳载荷试验装置对暴露在海洋大气环境中的试样施加拉伸疲劳载荷,从电化学性能、腐蚀形貌、疲劳性能及断口形貌等方面对比分析协同效应下2种高强铝合金的腐蚀损伤规律。结果 在协同效应下,2024铝合金的腐蚀速率随着暴露时间的延长不断减小,腐蚀类型为剥蚀,最大腐蚀深度为236.4 μm。7A52铝合金的腐蚀速率随着暴露时间的延长呈现波动趋势,腐蚀类型为点蚀和晶间腐蚀,最大腐蚀深度为20.5 μm。2024铝合金相较于7A52铝合金更早出现腐蚀疲劳断裂,且2种合金的断口均呈现疲劳断裂特征,裂纹始于合金表面,在Cl⁻等腐蚀介质及拉伸疲劳载荷的协同作用下,裂纹不断向合金基体内部扩展,最终发生腐蚀疲劳断裂。结论 在协同效应下,2024铝合金的腐蚀速率及腐蚀损伤程度显著大于7A52铝合金,导致前者的抗疲劳性能弱于后者。     

医用可降解镁合金腐蚀疲劳行为研究进展

镁合金由于良好的生物安全性和力学承载性,同时兼具可控的体内外降解速率,被誉为新一代的"革命性医用金属材料"。然而,在湿润气氛条件下镁合金的耐蚀性能较差,尤其是在复杂载荷和腐蚀疲劳作用下(经历动态交变载荷及腐蚀介质协同作用)镁合金的力学固定/支撑功能急剧骤减,导致植入物过早/提前失效。因此,本文从医用镁合金疲劳失效的施加载荷、频率与腐蚀因素的耦合机理出发,针对医用镁合金体内外腐蚀疲劳寿命、断口微区特征和腐蚀速率间定量关系,阐述交变载荷下腐蚀疲劳失效微观机制。同时,深入解析了疲劳微裂纹萌生/扩展机理,全面总结了提升镁合金腐蚀疲劳性能的举措,以及展望了生物医用可降解镁合金的应用前景和发展方向。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

FORMULAS OF TENSION OF CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

A Concordant Shift Model for Flow in Bulk Metallic Glasses

The homogeneous plastic flow in bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) must be elucidated by an appropriate atomistic mechanism. It is proposed that a so-called concordant shifting model, based on rearrangements of five-atom subclusters,can describe the plastic strain behaviour of BMGs in a temperature range from room temperature to the supercooled liquid region. To confirm the effectiveness of the atomic concordant shifting model, a comparative investigation between the vacancy/atom model and the concordant shifting model is carried out based on the estimation of the strain rate deduced from two models. Our findings suggest that the atomic concordant shifting model rather than the vacancy/atom exchange model can well predict the large strain rate in the superplasticity of BMGs.