石墨/紫铜间接钎焊接头的界面组织及力学性能

在950℃,30 min条件下,采用含活性元素Ti的Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu-x Ti(x=1.0,1.2,1.4,1.6,1.8,质量分数,%)金属粉末对石墨进行反应金属化,然后用Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu钎料在真空条件下实现了紫铜和石墨的间接钎焊.钎焊接头的典型界面结构为:紫铜/Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5/b-Sn/Ti C/石墨.在反应金属化过程中金属化粉末中的Ti起到重要作用,而Ti含量对钎焊接头的界面组织和抗剪强度没有影响.随着钎焊温度升高,紫铜中越来越多的Cu溶解到液相钎料中反应生成Cu-Sn化合物,接头的抗剪强度有一定程度的提高.断口分析表明:接头主要在b-Sn层中断裂,并呈现韧性断裂.当Cu-Sn化合物充满整个钎缝(600℃),接头强度大幅提高,达到30 MPa,接头在石墨母材完全断裂.     

SiC_p/2024Al复合材料与SiC陶瓷的软钎焊

采用Sn3.0Ag0.7Cu钎料对表面电镀铜后的增强相体积为45%的SiC_p/2024Al复合材料和表面化学镀铜后的SiC陶瓷进行钎焊,利用扫描电镜、材料试验机等研究了钎焊接头的显微组织、剪切断口形貌以及钎焊保温时间对接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:表面电镀铜后的SiC_p/2024Al复合材料能够实现与表面化学镀铜的SiC陶瓷的软钎焊,在260℃下保温0.5min能得到剪切强度为24MPa的接头,焊缝组织致密,钎料对电镀铜后的SiC_p/2024Al复合材料和化学镀铜后SiC陶瓷的润湿性都良好,断裂部位发生在铝基复合材料与电镀铜结合处以及电镀铜层较薄弱处。     

AgCu+nano-Al_2O_3复合钎料钎焊TC4合金与Al_2O_3陶瓷:界面结构及接头性能

通过向Ag Cu共晶钎料中添加nano-Al2O3增强相(2%,质量分数)并采用高能球磨的方法获得了Ag Cu+nano-Al2O3复合钎料(Ag Cu C钎料)。采用Ag Cu C钎料实现了TC4合金与Al2O3陶瓷的高质量钎焊连接,确定了TC4/Ag Cu C/Al2O3钎焊接头的典型界面组织结构为:TC4/α-Ti+Ti2Cu扩散层/Ti3Cu4层/Ag(s,s)+Ti3Cu4+Ti Cu/Ti3Cu4层/Ti3(Cu,Al)3O层/Al2O3。Nano-Al2O3的添加抑制了钎缝中连续的Ti-Cu化合物层的生长,同时在钎缝中形成了颗粒状Ti-Cu化合物相增强的Ag基复合材料,改善了钎焊接头的界面组织。随着钎焊温度的升高,各反应层厚度逐渐增加,颗粒状Ti-Cu化合物不断长大,Ag基复合材料组织逐渐细小。当钎焊温度T=920℃,保温时间t=10 min时接头抗剪强度达到最大为67.8 MPa,典型断口分析表明:压剪过程中,裂纹起源于钎角处并沿钎缝扩展后转入Al2O3陶瓷,最终在Al2O3陶瓷母材侧发生断裂。     

高纯氧化铝陶瓷与无氧铜的钎焊

电真空应用中,要求高纯氧化铝与无氧铜的连接接头具有较高的强度和气密性.采用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料直接钎焊高纯氧化铝陶瓷与无氧铜,研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对接头组成、界面反应以及接头抗剪强度的影响,研究了铜基体材料对钎焊接头组织和界面反应的影响.钎焊温度850～900℃,保温时间20～60 min时,接头抗剪强度接近或达到90 MPa.钎焊工艺参数偏离上述范围时,接头抗剪强度较低.接头由Cu/Ag(Cu),Cu(Ag,Ti)/Cu3Ti3O(TiO2)/Al2O3组成,反应层以Cu3Ti3O为主,个别工艺条件下有一定量的TiO2生成,铜基体视工艺条件的不同对钎焊接头组织有一定影响.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金真空钎焊接头界面组织及性能

采用AgCuTi活性钎料实现了Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金的钎焊连接,研究了钎焊接头的界面结构及其形成机制,并且分析了不同钎焊参数对接头界面组织和接头力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:Al_2O_3陶瓷与TiAl合金钎焊接头的典型界面组织为:Al_2O_3/Ti_3(Cu,Al)_3O/Ag(s.s)+Cu(s.s)+AlCu_2Ti/AlCu_2Ti+AlCuTi/TiAl。钎焊过程中,TiAl基体向液态钎料中的溶解量决定了钎焊接头界面组织的形成及其演化。随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,Al_2O_3陶瓷侧的Ti_3(Cu,Al)_3O反应层增厚,钎缝中弥散分布的团块状AlCu_2Ti化合物逐渐聚集长大。陶瓷侧界面反应层的厚度和钎缝中AlCu_2Ti化合物的形态及分布共同决定着接头的抗剪强度。当钎焊温度为880℃,保温10 min时,接头的抗剪强度最大,达到94 MPa,此时接头的断裂形式呈现沿Al_2O_3陶瓷基体和界面反应层的复合断裂模式。     

高纯氧化铝与金属钛的钎焊

电真空应用中,要求高纯氧化铝与金属钛的连接接头不仅要有较好的强度,还要有高的气密性.用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料钎焊高纯氧化铝陶瓷与金属钛,钎焊温度为825～875℃,保温时间为15～20min,陶瓷表面为烧结自然表面时,钎焊接头抗剪强度可达到100MPa以上,连接温度过低或过高,保温时间过短或过长均对接头强度不利.陶瓷表面研磨后,接头强度降低.钎料厚度在60μm或105μm对接头强度的影响不大.接头由Al2O3/反应层(Cu,Al,Ti,0)/Ag Cu-Ti化合物/α-Ti(Cu)/Ti构成.反应层主要以Cu3Ti3O和Cu4Ti为主.     

真空热处理对Al2O3陶瓷化学镀Ni-P膜及金属钎焊接头的影响

采用化学镀Ni-P膜法金属化Al2O3陶瓷,并用63Sn-34Pb-2Ag-1Bi钎料膏实现了95%Al2O3陶瓷与45钢之间的低温钎焊.为提高镀膜结合强度并最终提高钎焊接头强度,钎焊前对镀膜陶瓷进行真空热处理.研究了钎焊前真空热处理对Ni-P膜显微组织、钎焊接头显微结构及其强度的影响.结果表明,150～650 ℃高真空热处理会改变Ni-P膜的显微组织,且适当热处理可显著提高钎焊接头强度,在350℃保温1 h可使接头剪切强度到达最高值38 MPa.接头显微结构一般为Al2O3陶瓷/Ni-P镀层/扩散层Ⅰ/富Sn层/钎缝金属层/扩散层Ⅱ/45钢.剪切断裂主要发生在Al2O3陶瓷/Ni-P镀层界面附近,少量扩展到钎缝金属中.     

采用AgCuTi活性钎料真空钎焊MgAl_2O_4透明陶瓷

采用Ag Cu Ti活性钎料箔带分别在880℃/10 min和880℃/60 min两种工艺下对Mg Al2O4陶瓷进行了真空钎焊连接,接头冶金质量良好,两种工艺下接头抗剪强度分别为52.4 MPa和61.3 MPa.微观分析结果表明,靠近陶瓷母材附近生成了连续的扩散反应层结构,结合XRD结果,该层主要由Cu Al2O4和Ti O两种化合物组成;钎缝基体区由Cu(s,s),Ag(s,s)和Ti O相组成.     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与5005铝合金的高频感应钎焊

为实现Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金的低温连接,采用Ag-Cu-Ti粉末对Al2O3陶瓷表面进行活性金属化处理.结果表明,当活性金属化温度为880~900℃,保温时间10 min时,在Al2O3陶瓷界面形成连续致密无缺陷的Ti3Cu3O反应层.采用Al-Si钎料对活性金属化Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金进行高频感应钎焊,研究了接头的典型界面组织及其形成过程.结果表明,当温度为600℃,保温时间为1 min时,铝合金侧由团状α-Al和晶间渗入的AlAg-Cu共晶组织构成,团状α-Al上有板条状初晶硅出现,Al2O3陶瓷侧有弥散分布的过共晶Al-Si组织,Ti3Cu3O反应层的形成是实现Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金可靠连接的关键,接头的最大抗剪强度达到52 MPa.     

AgCu钎料钎焊TC4钛合金与QCr0.8铬青铜接头界面结构及性能

采用AgCu28钎料实现了TC4钛合金与QCr0.8铬青铜的真空钎焊,利用SEM, EDS以及XRD等分析方法确定TC4/AgCu/QCr0.8接头的典型界面结构为TC4钛合金/CuTi +Cu3Ti2 +CuTi2/Ag(s,s) +Cu4Ti/Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)/QCr0.8铬青铜. 研究了工艺参数对接头组织和性能的影响. 结果表明,随着钎焊温度和保温时间的增加,钎缝中银铜共晶组织减少,钛铜化合物增多. 接头抗剪强度随钎焊温度的升高先增加后降低,在钎焊工艺参数为890 ℃/0 min时,获得最大抗剪强度449 MPa.保温时间的延长使得接头脆性钛铜化合物增多,接头性能下降,因此随保温时间延长接头抗剪强度显著降低.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.