挤压轮转速对连续挤压铝锶合金成形及组织性能的影响

采用数值模拟与工艺实验相结合,研究了挤压轮转速对铝锶合金连续挤压成形过程和产品组织性能的影响。通过数值模拟分析了不同转速下坯料的温度、速度和等效应变分布情况以及模具的温度分布规律并利用金相观察和拉伸试验分析了不同转速下实际连续挤压产品的组织性能。结果表明,铝锶合金在连续挤压过程中,坯料进入腔体后,温度开始升高,最高温度和最大速度出现在模具出口处;最大等效应变出现在直角弯曲处。当挤压轮转速由4r·min~(-1)增加到7r·min~(-1)时,腔体内的坯料最高温度由460℃升高到514℃,模具出口处的温度由490℃升高到527℃;产品中Al4Sr相形态由块状变成颗粒状,尺寸减小;抗拉强度由98.7MPa上升到106.9MPa,伸长率变化不大,维持在约11%。     

铜连续挤压的有限体积法数值模拟

对铜母线连续挤压过程的几何模型进行简化,基于MSC.Superforge软件平台,对铜母线连续扩展成形过程进行了数值模拟,确定了压下量为铜杆料直径的25%时为压实轮对铜杆压下量的最佳值,分析了铜连续挤压成形过程中坯料在挤压轮沟槽内的温度分布,指出在铜的连续挤压过程中,坯料的温度上升主要源于坯料的塑性变形.结果显示,铜坯料作用在腔体挡料块上的压力高达528～600 MPa,在坯料镦粗段前偶尔会发生折叠回流,这是造成连续挤压产品表面产生较大气泡和冷拔时断线质量缺陷的重要原因之一.为了避免金属流动造成的产品质量缺陷并提高腔体的使用寿命,应对腔体、挤压轮进行优化设计.     

轮槽形状对铜母线连续挤压影响的有限元分析

分析了在连续挤压初始喂料阶段,坯料在圆轮槽中的稳定性.通过理论计算和模拟研究得出,圆轮槽中的凸台对于铜的连续挤压建立一个稳定的挤压过程起关键作用.并在此基础上提出了针对圆杆形坯料的几种新的轮槽形状,将这几种轮槽对铜母线连续挤压扩展成形的影响进行了有限元数值模拟.就轮槽形状对铜扩展成形中金属的成形性、挤压轮的扭距以及成形金属流动的均匀性的影响进行了分析讨论.最后得出,带凸台的扩口形轮槽是连续挤压扩展成形中最优的轮槽形状.     

B_4C_P/6063Al板材等应变速率挤压模具优化

针对B_4C_P/6063Al基复合材料伸长率低、塑性变形困难的特点,设计出适用于B_4C_P/6063Al板材的等应变速率挤压模具。基于热压缩模拟试验结果建立材料的本构方程。利用Deform-3D软件对采用所设计的等应变速率挤压模具和传统挤压模具的挤压过程分别进行有限元模拟,对比研究了采用两种模具时挤压过程中的坯料应力场、温度场以及坯料流动性。结果表明:采用等应变速率挤压模具较传统挤压模具所需最大拉应力减小了28. 5%,坯料在模具出口处的温度升高了0. 6%,模具出口的金属流速均匀性提高了44%。模拟结果表明,等应变速率挤压模具较传统挤压模具,更利于B_4C_P/6063Al板材成形。     

铜连续挤压扩展成形温度场的分析

文章通过有限元数值模拟分析了铜连续挤压扩展成形中温度场的分布规律。连续挤压扩展成形过程中温升主要集中在变形和摩擦剧烈的区域。整个扩展挤压过程中最高温度出现在直角弯曲区靠近挡料块的附近,可达到700℃以上。从变形和摩擦的角度分析了坯料在挤压轮径向的温度分布的特点。从变形和传热的角度分析了金属在扩展挤压区宽度和厚度方向温度分布特点,以及温度对产品成形性的影响,并进行了现场温度测试,用热电偶采集腔体密封面和扩展腔的温度,实验结果与模拟结果吻合,为铜连续挤压扩展成形性的研究提供了依据。     

温度对H62黄铜连续挤压成形性能的影响研究

针对H62黄铜变形抗力大、模具磨损严重的问题,对在室温、250、450℃条件下连续挤压产品的组织性能进行了分析.结果表明,随着温度的升高,压实轮载荷显著降低,晶粒更加均匀细小,硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率提高,且在温度为250℃左右时产品的各项性能变化更为显著;随着连续挤压产品性能的提高,模具磨损减小.     

压实轮压下量对宽铜带连续挤压过程的影响

利用DEFORM-3D软件,对宽铜带连续挤压的压实轮压下过程进行数值模拟,获得坯料在不同压下量下的等效应力、等效应变、温度和挤压轮扭矩的分布情况.结果表明:在同一压下量下,坯料的等效应力和等效应变在压实轮压下过程中都逐渐增加;当金属进入到轮槽内并与挡料块接触间,坯料的等效应变保持不变,而等效应力则急剧降低;当金属流人到腔体内时,坯料的等效应变又急剧增加.随着压下量增加,在整个连续挤压过程中坯料的等效应力、等效应变、温度和挤压轮扭矩都增加.通过点的跟踪分析和挤压轮扭矩分析可知,压实轮压下量为6 mm时更适合宽铜带连续挤压.     

基于FEM的7075铝合金轿车发动机油管接头挤压过程的温度场分析

基于DEFORM-3D软件,分析了7075高强铝合金轿车发动机油管接头热挤压成形过程,揭示了工艺参数对热挤压成形过程中材料最高温度的影响.结果表明,随着挤压速度的增大,最高温度增大;随着坯料加热温度的升高,最高温度下降;随着摩擦系数的增大,最高温度增大;随着模具预热温度的增加,最高温度增加.合理的挤压工艺参数为:挤压速度2～8 mm/s;坯料加热温度390～450℃;摩擦系数＜0.3;模具预热温度400～440℃.     

基于FEM的轿车活塞挤压成形温度场分析

基于DEFROM-3D有限元分析软件研究了热挤压工艺对活塞最高温度的影响.结果表明,随着坯料预热温度的增加,活塞最高温度先减小后增加;随着挤压速度或者模具预热温度或者摩擦系数的增加,活塞最高温度均增加;合理的挤压工艺参数为:坯料预热温度410～445℃,挤压速度1.0～3.5 mm/s,模具预热温度400～ 440℃,摩擦系数＜0.325.     

316不锈钢异形Ⅰ截面型材挤压成形过程有限元模拟

以异形Ⅰ形截面不锈钢型材为研究对象,采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件系统对其热挤压成形过程进行数值模拟分析.研究了挤压稳态成形过程中挤压速度、摩擦系数、坯料预热温度等因素对不锈钢型材挤压过程的影响.计算结果表明,当挤压比为9、挤压速度为200mm/s、摩擦因子为0.3、模具预热温度为450℃、坯料预热温度为1050℃时,金属流动状况良好,材料的应力应交分布均匀,可有效提高模具的寿命,对指导实际生产具有积极的参考价值.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Newly Developed Austenitic Heat Resistant Steel

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a newly developed austenitic heat resistant steel(named as T8 alloy) for ultra-supercritical applications have been studied. Results show that the main phases in the alloy after solution treatment are γ and primary MX. Subsequent aging treatment causes the precipitation of M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries and a small number of nanoscale MX inside the grains. In addition, with increasing the aging temperature and time, the morphology of M_(23)C_6 carbides changes from semi-continuous chain to continuous network.Compared with a commercial HR3C alloy, T8 alloy has comparable tensile strength, but higher stress rupture strength. The dominant cracking mechanism of the alloy during tensile test at room temperature is transgranular, while at high temperature, intergranular cracking becomes the main cracking mode, which may be caused by the precipitation of continuous M_(23)C_6 carbides along the grain boundaries. Typical intergranular cracking is the dominant cracking mode of the alloy at all stress rupture tests.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

The 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014held in Qingdao China

Organized by Suppliers China Co., Ltd and co-organized by the National Technical Committee 54 on Foundry of Standardization Administration of China, the 15th Global Foundry Sourcing Conference 2014 （hereinafter referred to as FSC 2014） was successfully held on Sep. 23rd in Grand Regency Hotel, Qingdao. More than 500 delegates from home and abroad attended this conference, including over 130 purchasers from 20 countries and 380 domestic and foreign suppliers.     

Secondary Recrystallization Behaviors of Grain-Oriented 6.5 wt% Silicon Steel Sheets Produced by Rolling and Nitriding Processes

By rolling and nitriding processes, 0.23- to 0.3-mm-thick grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel sheets were produced. The core losses of grain-oriented 6.5 wt% silicon steel at frequencies ranging from 400 Hz to 20 k Hz were lower than that of the grain-oriented 3 wt% silicon steel with the same thickness by 16.6–35.8%. The secondary recrystallization behavior was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results show that the secondary recrystallization in high-silicon steel sheets develops more completely as the nitrogen content increases after nitriding, secondary recrystallized grain sizes become larger, and the sharpness of Goss texture increases. Because more {110}116 grains in the subsurface and the central layer of the sheets have a lot of 20°–45° high-energy boundaries in addition to Goss grains, {110}116 can be the main component through selective growth during secondary recrystallization when the inhibitor quantity is not enough and inhibitor intensity is weaker. The increases in nitrogen content can increase the inhibitor intensity and hinder abnormal growth of a mount of {110}116 grains and therefore enhance the sharpness of Goss texture.     

Laser Cladded TiCN Coatings on the Surface of Titanium

Laser cladded coatings of TiCN were produced on the surface of titanium. To obtain the optimal techniques, several conditions were tested by varying the laser scanning rate. The choice of shielding gas was also studied. The cladded coatings were then evaluated from the surface mechanics point of view based on their microhardness. The microstructure of some interesting samples was investigated by optical micrographs (OM). The results showed that under the condition of fixed pulse frequency and pulse width, the laser scanning rate and the shielding gas are the main factors influencing the components of coatings. TiCN coatings were decompounded and oxidized during the cladding process in the condition of no shielding gas of N2. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the composite coatings composed of TiCN, TiC, Ti2N, and TiO2 were produced using appropriate techniques. The results indicated that the best condition in terms of the surface microhardness is obtained when the scanning rate is 1.5mm / s, the pulse frequency is 15Hz, the pulse width is 3.0ms, and N2 is chosen as the shielding gas. The microhardness of the composite coatings is about 1331kg · mm - 2, which is about 4 times that of the substrate. The optical micrographs indicated that the cladding zone is made up of TiCN, TiO2, and some interdendritic Ti, but the diffusion zone mainly consists of the dendrites phase, and the cladded depth is about 80?滋m, which is more than 2 times that of the laser nitrided sample. There were no microcracks or air bubbles in the cladded sample, which was cladded using the above optimal techniques.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

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正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis