321不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂机理

证明了321不锈钢在酸性氯离子溶液中处于活性阳极溶解状态.其应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)无法用钝化膜破裂-再钝化理论或氢脆理论解释,而可能是阳极溶解降低了裂纹尖端金属的开裂强度     

316L不锈钢在含Cl-高温醋酸溶液中的电化学行为

316L不锈钢试样在空气中放置24 h后在含Cl-醋酸溶液(0.2%KCl,60%的醋酸,85℃)中能自钝化,自腐蚀电位为100 mV;经阴极极化后的试样在实验周期内在含Cl-醋酸溶液中不能自钝化,其自腐蚀电位为(-242±3)mV;经阳极极化形成的钝化膜比在空气中自然形成的钝化膜更致密.测试了空气中钝化24 h以及阴极极化、阳极极化后,试样在醋酸溶液中自腐蚀电位随时间变化的曲线;结合阴极、阳极极化曲线,SEM观察和XPS成分分析,发现Cr是组成钝化膜并增加钝化膜稳定性的重要元素,而Mo是在钝化膜发生活性溶解或者被击穿时于表面富集的元素,可导致该区域电位升高,从而阻止腐蚀发生.初步探讨了316L不锈钢在含Cl-醋酸溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为和点腐蚀发生的机理.     

Fe-Cr-Mo系铁素体不锈钢在中性氯离子介质中钝化膜及其破坏的XPS研究

为探讨合金元素铬和钼改善高纯度铁素体不锈钢点蚀性能的作用机理,应用XPS定量分析技术,研究了三个系列十二种不同铬钼含量的高纯度铁素体不锈钢在中性(pH=6.9)含1NCl~-的介质中不同电位下钝化膜及膜下过渡层的组成和钝化膜的厚度等。结果表明,合金元素钼不仅能提高钝化膜的稳定性,还能有效地抑制过渡层中铬的贫化,使再钝化能力得到改善,从而提高材料的耐点蚀性能。在本实验条件下不发生点蚀的材料,其过渡层都是由于基体含钼而不出现贫铬现象。     

微量Cl~-对316L不锈钢在沸腾乙酸—甲酸混合介质中的腐蚀行为的影响

通过腐蚀失重测量、极化曲线测试和AES分析,研究了微量Cl~-对316L不锈钢在沸腾的84％乙酸—10％甲酸—6％水中的腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,微量Cl~-(50ppm)的吸附对316L的活性溶解有抑制作用。Cl~-浓度再高则腐蚀速度增大。316L在阳极极化时呈现钝化行为,阳极钝化膜富铬、贫铁,Cl~-使钝化膜的铬、铁含量降低,铬/铁比也降低,从而氧/(铬+铁)比升高,膜的保护性能降低,一定条件下可诱发孔蚀。常温下恒电位阳极极化使Cl~-在表面吸附并进入钝化膜内,温度升高则吸附作用减弱。     

硼酸-硼砂介质中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜的侵蚀性

 Mott-Schottky图、Nyquist图及阳极极化曲线测定研究了硼酸-硼砂缓冲溶液中硫离子对不锈钢钝化膜耐蚀性能的影响，结果表明：随浸泡时间增加不锈钢电极阻抗值增大，但硫离子加入后阻抗值快速降低；阳极极化曲线测定显示硫离子使不锈钢钝态电流增大；硫离子浓度的增加使不锈钢电极的Mott-Schottky图中体现p-型半导体(铬氧化物)性质的直线段发生较大变化，说明硫离子影响了钝化膜中铬氧化物的性质，使其耐蚀性能降低. 钝化膜      

铬镀层及其阴极化修饰镀层的钝化行为

用电沉积方法在ＡＩＳＩ ４３０不锈钢上得到铬、铬钯交替镀层和铬钯复合镀层，凭借钯的阴极修饰效应，含钯的铬镀层在除氧的非氧化性酸中具有自钝化能力，极化曲线和阻抗频谱测定表明，在相庆铬镀层处于活化－钝化的电位区间，含钯镀层都表现出净阴极电流；活化溶解与钝化过程随电位的相对发展变化可由低频段容抗圈的演变来推定，铬钯复合镀层具有更大的钝化膜阻抗。     

哌啶对Cr25铁素体不锈钢在中性NaCl介质中钝化膜破坏的缓…

采用稳态阳极极化曲线，电化学阻抗谱方法和恒电位－恒电流瞬态响应测试技术研究了有机缓蚀剂哌啶对Ｃｒ２５铁素体不锈钢在ＮａＣｌ介质中钝化膜破坏的抑制作用，以及缓蚀剂浓度和Ｃｌ＾－浓度对钝化膜稳定性的影响。     

铜对铬锰不锈钢耐蚀性的影响

采用失重法、电化学极化曲线法、SEM、EDS、XRD等分析手段,分析了铜对铬锰不锈钢耐蚀性的影响及其机制。结果表明:随着铜加入量的增加,不锈钢表面产生的氧化膜变得致密,不锈钢的腐蚀减缓,耐蚀性提高。铬锰钢中的铜,以Cu2+形式在表面还原富集,降低不锈钢的活性溶解速度,有效地促进了不锈钢钝化膜的形成,从而显著提高其在稀硫酸中的耐腐蚀性能。     

Fe-Ni基合金在热浓碱溶液中的阳极溶解与钝化行为

采用快速与慢速动电位扫描法研究了Fe-Ni基合金在含与不含杂质的沸腾50%NaOH溶液中的阳极溶解与钝化行为.Cr、Ni对Fe-Ni基合金低电位钝化起主要作用,高电位钝化主要是Fe与Ni的作用.Na2S2O3对碱性溶液中元素Fe与Ni的阳极溶解有明显的促进作用,并加速Fe-Ni基合金的溶解导致多处新的阳极电流峰出现.Fe-Ni基合金在相同介质条件下快速扫描的电流密度值比慢扫的大,并对快、慢扫描极化曲线计算出SCC的指数值与SCC行为进行了相关分析.     

电化学改性不锈钢钝化膜的XPS/SERS研究

应用Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）和表面增强拉曼光谱（ＳＥＲＳ）考察１８－８不锈钢表面电化学改性钝化膜各层次的化学组成。ＸＰＳ的结果表明电化学改性处理可使钝化膜老化。膜层中含大量的ＣｒＯ３,但未检测到ＣｒＯ４＾２－,在膜的各个层次均发生铬的富集,而在最外层铬的含量并非最大。表明在改性处理过程中,铬优先溶解,铁在膜的以存在Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）和ＦｅⅡ两种氧化态,同时有利于非晶态结构的形成。原位ＳＥＲＳ测试的结果指     

稳定奥氏体不锈钢氢渗透的研究

本文用电化学氢渗透法,研究了钝化膜、极化电位及介质中pH值对氢在稳定奥氏体不锈钢中渗透行为的影响。测定了氢在310奥氏体不锈钢中25℃时的扩散系数为(1.2±0.1)×10~(-8)cm~2/sec;估算了氢在钝化膜中的扩系散数约为10~(-8)cm~2/sec数量级。随着介质中pH值的降低,氢渗透的饱和电流增加。不仅阴极极化可增加氢渗透的饱和电流;当电位超过点蚀击穿电位后,阳极极化也可增加氢渗透的饱和电流。充氢后试样在0.1NH_2SO_4溶液中的阳极极化曲线显著地向右移动;充氢后的固溶处理试祥,也具有明显的晶间腐蚀倾向。     

热处理对马氏体时效不锈钢钝化特牲的影响

<正> 一、前言 马氏体时效不锈钢采用超低碳基体的高合金化,利用在韧性为的Fe-Ni板条马氏体基体中大量析出金属间化合物,从而保证了它在获得超高强度的同时仍具有足够的韧性。正因为该类钢的这一突出优点、使得人们的研究一直侧重于其机械性能和强化机理,而忽略了对其耐蚀性的进一步探讨。本文作者试图从热处理入手,就其对该类钢钝化特性的影响进行一些有意义的探索,为改善其耐蚀性提供一定的参考。     

氢对310不锈钢钝化膜的影响

采用电化学和ＳＴＭ方法研究了氢对３１０不锈钢阳极极化过程,钝化膜形成过程和表面形貌特征以及膜耐点蚀性能的影响,并进行了相应的理论分析。研究表明：氢会降低不锈钢的自腐蚀电位,缩短钝化区域并使其向低电位方向偏移;降低反应电阻,增大钝化电流工,降低膜在纳米尺度上的结晶度和耐点蚀性能。     

The role of corrosion-resistant alloying elements in passivity

Passivity of alloys containing corrosion-resistant elements were reviewed. Chromium and valve metals except aluminum form stable oxyhydroxide films even in aggressive hydrochloric acids. Molybdenum forms a passive MoO₂ film in the active region of stainless steels and hence decreases the active dissolution current. In the passive region of transition metals and valve metals, molybdenum is generally in the transpassive state and dissolved. However, if the outer oxyhydroxide film is stable the inner MoO₂ film is protected by the outer oxyhydroxide film and the MoO₂ film acts as the effective barrier against diffusion of matters through the film. Thus the passive current density of 30Cr-2Mo ferritic stainless steel is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of 30Cr steel without molybdenum in 1 M HCl.     

SUS36不锈钢钝化膜的XPS研究

本文用XPS研究了SUS36不锈钢在添加Na_2MoO_4缓蚀剂的醛化液中,在不同阳极极化电位下形成的表面膜的组份及其深度分布。表明在阳极过钝化电位下形成的钝化膜在醛化液中具有较好的耐蚀性。     

Effect of W and Ce additions on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of 444-type ferritic stainless steel

In order to achieve excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance, high melting-point and rare earth elements were added to ferritic stainless steel. The effect of W and Ce addition in ferritic stainless steel on the corrosion resistance in 0.1?M NaOH solution was studied. Potentiodynamic polarisation curves indicated that W- and Ce-containing samples had lower corrosion rate and lower passive current density. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that W–Ce-containing samples had higher polarisation resistance values and thicker passive films. Capacitance analysis indicated that the semiconducting behaviour and the properties of passive film remain unchanged. The addition of W and Ce led to a decrease in donor and acceptor density, which improved the passive film stability.     

An X-ray photo-electron spectroscopic study on the role of molybdenum in increasing the corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steels in HC1

X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy has been used to investigate the correlation between composition of surface films and the beneficial effects of molybdenum addition to high purity, 30Cr ferritic stainless steels in improving the corrosion resistance properties in HCI. It has been found that the passive films formed consist mainly of hydrated chromium oxy-hydroxide and the composition of the films on 30Cr and 30Cr-2Mo stainless steels is essentially the same, except for the existence of a small amount of hexavalent molybdenum on the latter steel. The surface film formed in the active region contains a large amount of hexavalent molybdenum. The beneficial effects of molybdenum have been interpreted as follows: molybdenum eliminates the active surface sites through the formation of molybdenum oxy-hydroxide or molybdate on these site, on which it is difficult to form the stable passive film. This leads to the appearance of a homogeneous steel surface and to the formation of a homogeneous passive film.     

γ_N相在硼酸缓冲溶液中的腐蚀与钝化性能

采用等离子体源渗氮技术在304L奥氏体不锈钢表面制备高氮面心结构的γ_N相层,利用阳极极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究γ_N相在pH=8.4硼酸缓冲溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:γ_N相的阳极极化曲线呈现出自钝化-过钝化溶解过程,自腐蚀电位Ecorr较原始不锈钢提高了75mV,维钝电流密度Jp降低近一个数量级,耐蚀性能明显提高。与原始不锈钢钝化膜相比,γ_N相钝化膜的EIS容抗弧直径及|Z|值增大,相位角平台变宽,其电荷转移电阻Rct增至1.064×107Ω·cm2,双电层电容Cdl降至65.4μF/cm2,说明γ_N相钝化膜更致密,表现为近电容特性。随着浸泡时间增加,γ_N相钝化膜的Rct稳定在107Ω·cm2量级,具有良好的稳定性。     

SCC MECHANISM OF STAINLESS STEEL AISI 321 IN ACIDIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION

It is verified that stainless steel AISI 321 is in the active anodic dissolution state in 0.5mol/L HCll+0.5 mol/L NaCl solution at 55℃.The SCC of the steel in the solution cannot be reasonably explained by passive film rupture-nepasivation theory and by hydrogenembrittlement theory.There are evidences that the fracture stress at the tip of the cracksis reduced by anodic dissolution due to its role in relieving strain hardening layer at cracktip.