微量元素Al和Mn对银带材性能的影响

为解决银材自然时效软化的问题，存99．999％Ag中添加0.004％A1和0．003％Mn(按质量)制成纯度为99．99％的Ag材，实验表明，采用变形率为90．90％所制备的银材，在25℃温度下，自然时效365d，其强度σb=370MPa，硬度HV=1030MPa保持稳定不变，有效地抑制了纯银材自然时效80d，其力学性能便大幅度下降的问题。     

抗时效软化的银材

在99.99％的纯银中,添加0.015％的金属钛进行机械性能测试。当ε=0～99％时在20℃下保存90天,或当ε≤60％,在50℃下保存90天,其强度和硬度基本不变。即在纯银中加入微量钛,可以限制银材的自然时效软化。     

Al_(0.3)CrFe_(1.5)MnNi_(0.5)Ti_(0.2)(Si_(0.2))高熵合金的时效硬化行为

采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼炉制备了Al_(0.3)CrFe_(1.5)MnNi_(0.5)(A_0)、Al_(0.3)CrFe_(1.5)MnNi_(0.5)Ti_(0.2)(A1)和Al_(0.3)CrFe_(1.5)MnNi_(0.5)Si_(0.2)(A_2)等3种高熵合金,然后在700~1 000℃时效处理12h后进行了物相分析、微观组织表征和硬度测试。结果表明,3种合金的铸态组织主要由BCC相组成,时效组织主要由富Cr、Mn、Fe的BCC相、Cr_5Fe_6Mn_8(ρ相)析出相和球形Ni-Al析出相组成。由于Ni-Al相和ρ相析出,使得A_0、A_1和A_2合金的时效硬度(HV)分别达到899、943和955,与A_0合金铸态时硬度相比分别提高了142%、154%和157%。1 000℃时效处理后,A_1和A_2合金的硬度(HV)仍高达800以上,表现出良好的时效硬化特性。     

Cu-0.3Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg合金形变时效强化与再结晶

对Cu-0．3Cr-0．15Zr-0．05Mg合金形变时效强化和再结晶过程进行了考察和研究。析出相对位错的钉扎作用强烈阻碍合金再结晶的形核和长大，使合金产生明显的时效硬化。60％冷变形450℃～500℃时效1h～2h，硬度和导电率分别可达162HV和73％IACS左右。大变形量降低了合金再结晶激活能(Qr)，加速再结晶过程，以致于在较高温度下时效，出现了再结晶形核和长大的现象，再结晶产生的软化导致析出硬化程度下降。     

热处理和循环应变对TiNiZr合金形状记忆效应和超弹性的影响

利用拉伸实验、光学显微镜和透射电镜研究了退火工艺、时效工艺和循环应变对Ti-50.8Ni-0.1Zr形状记忆合金的形状记忆效应(SME)和超弹性(SE)的影响。350～400℃和600～700℃退火态合金呈SE,450～550℃退火态合金呈SME;300℃×(1～50 h)和400℃×1 h时效态合金呈SE,400℃×(5～50 h)和500℃×(1～50 h)时效态合金呈SME。随退火温度升高,合金应力应变曲线平台应力σ_M先降低后升高,最小值200 MPa在500℃退火后获得;残余应变ε_R先升高后降低,最大值2.64%在500℃退火后获得。随时效时间延长,300℃时效态合金的σ_M降低,ε_R始终较小;400和500℃时效态合金的σM降低,ε_R先升高后趋于稳定。随循环次数增加,呈SE的合金由部分非线性SE转变为完全非线性SE,且σ_M和能耗?W先降低后趋于稳定;呈SME的合金的σ_M和?W先降低后趋于稳定。     

固溶温度和时效工艺对06NiCuCrMoNb钢硬度的影响

本文研究了铜在06NiCuCrMoNb钢中的时效硬化行为，结果表明：06NiCuCrMoNb钢在时效过程中发生ε－Cu的析出硬化和淬火组织软化两个过程，时效硬化峰值温度为450－500℃，时效时间为2小时，较佳固溶温度为850℃。     

固溶、形变和时效对Cu-0.65Cr-0.35Zr合金性能的影响

分析了固溶、形变和时效对Cu-0.65Cr-0.35Zr合金性能的影响.结果表明,经固溶处理后施加冷变形,再进行时效处理可获得较高的导电率和硬度.合金经1000℃保温lh水淬,60％的冷变形,500℃时效4～6h,导电率大于75％IACS,硬度大于147 HB;经1000℃保温1h水淬,60％的冷变形,500℃时效2h,导电率72％IACS,硬度163HB,抗拉强度532MPa,断裂伸长率9.2％,当变形量为80％时,其抗拉强度可达585MPa,断裂伸长率16.3％.经该工艺处理后,合金可具有500℃的抗高温软化能力.     

Al—Zn合金复相界面非线性稳态阻尼

揭示了Al-Zn共析合金复相界面稳态阻尼的特征:(1)整个非线性阻尼Q~(-1)对测量频率有相同依赖关系,即Q~(-1)∝f~(-n),n是一个与温度无关的参数。(2)在中间区域(包括一个低T、高A_ε区,一个中T、中A_ε区及一个高T、低A_ε区)仍然有关系Q~(-1)=(c/f~n)exp(-nH/kT),其中c是一个参数,T是绝对温度。阻尼具有正常振幅效应,其中参数c、n和H均随A_ε改变,阻尼来自于相界面间一种非线性驰豫。(3)在高T、高A_ε区,阻尼与温度之问不再有线性关系lnQ~(-1)_1∝T,但阻尼仍然满足关系Q~(-1)∝f~(-n),参数n随A_ε增大而增加,阻尼具有正常振幅效应,但比情况(2)要弱,这时阻尼可能归属于相界面间另外一种非线性驰豫。     

热处理对Fe-Mn-Al(Cr)-C合金组织的影响

利用金相显微分析、XRD、EPMA和TEM研究了固溶处理和时效对Fe Mn Al(Cr) C合金组织的影响。结果表明 ,当固溶处理温度 >12 0 0℃时 ,合金组织中出现了大量的石墨 ;(110 0～ 115 0 )℃× 4h固溶处理 ,合金组织中的 (Fe ,Cr) 7C3 不能完全溶解 ;在 35 0℃～ 45 0℃时效 ,合金基体中产生了超结构     

时效温度对HSLA高强船体钢组织和性能的影响

采用固溶+时效的热处理方法研究了时效温度对HSLA(High Strength Low Alloy)高强船体钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢在450℃处出现强度峰值,这是由大量纳米级的Cu析出物(<5 nm)和少量Nb(C,N)粒子的共同强化造成。过时效状态下,基体的软化作用加强,且Cu析出粒子尺寸显著增大(10～30 nm),沉淀强化作用也逐渐减弱,钢的强度下降。时效过程中基体软化和析出相沉淀强化的共同作用决定了HSLA高强船体钢的性能变化规律。试验钢在650～670℃范围内时效不仅获得了670～780 MPa的强度,而且保证-40℃冲击功在80 J以上,体现出良好的强韧性匹配。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

FORMULAS OF TENSION OF CONTINUOUS ROLLING PROCESS

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.     

A Concordant Shift Model for Flow in Bulk Metallic Glasses

The homogeneous plastic flow in bulk metallic glasses(BMGs) must be elucidated by an appropriate atomistic mechanism. It is proposed that a so-called concordant shifting model, based on rearrangements of five-atom subclusters,can describe the plastic strain behaviour of BMGs in a temperature range from room temperature to the supercooled liquid region. To confirm the effectiveness of the atomic concordant shifting model, a comparative investigation between the vacancy/atom model and the concordant shifting model is carried out based on the estimation of the strain rate deduced from two models. Our findings suggest that the atomic concordant shifting model rather than the vacancy/atom exchange model can well predict the large strain rate in the superplasticity of BMGs.