热不匹配应力对热障涂层表面裂纹扩展的影响

本文采用扩展有限元方（XFEM）法研究了高温下热失配应力对热障涂层表面裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明在热失配应力的影响下,表面裂纹的位置、倾斜角度和长度对裂纹扩展的长度、能量释放率和裂尖的应力水平有着显著的影响;对于初始长度相同的裂纹,界面波谷处裂纹扩展长度最长,能量释放率最大;倾斜角度越大,裂纹扩张长度越短,应变能越大;裂纹初始长度越大,裂纹的扩展长度越长且扩展速率越快,能量释放率越大。存在多条表面裂纹的情况下其裂纹扩展相互影响。     

碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料弹性模量的研究进展

为满足结构件对高弹性模量镁基复合材料的需求,寻找理想的增强相和探索适合的复合工艺是镁基复合材料的发展趋势,向镁合金中添加碳纳米管(Carbon nanotubes,CNTs)增强相,具有强化细晶、应力转移、位错和热残余应力等作用,有利于改善镁合金强度和弹性模量等力学性能。从CNTs增强镁基复合材料制备工艺以及CNTs对复合材料弹性模量的影响等方面,详细地介绍了近年来CNTs增强镁基复合材料弹性模量的研究进展,并对未来研究方向提出若干建议。     

Nb-Si基复合材料中碳纳米管拔出机制的有限元分析

基于均匀化理论,建立了碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料的代表体积元模型,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立有限元模型,模拟研究了碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料界面上的应力分布及碳纳米管拔出机制,分析了碳纳米管的长度和界面强度对界面应力的传递和拔出载荷的影响规律。结果表明,在碳纳米管增强Nb-Si基复合材料受载失效过程中,碳纳米管的拔出可分为3个阶段即界面的完全粘接、开始脱粘和脱粘拔出等。碳纳米管的长度对界面应力的传递和拔出力均有一定的影响,而界面结合强度主要影响碳纳米管的拔出力,而且碳纳米管的长度和界面强度的增大都会使碳纳米管的拔出载荷增大。     

颗粒增强镁基复合材料动态冲击后的力学行为研究

为了研究动态冲击后颗粒增强镁基复合材料的力学行为,采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)对试样进行不同速度下的动态冲击实验,采用纳米压痕技术测得冲击后材料在不同压入深度和不同应变率情况下弹性模量、硬度和载荷等随位移的变化趋势,并分析了冲击速度对材料硬度和加载曲线的影响。结果表明:动态冲击后颗粒增强镁基复合材料的弹性模量、硬度随位移增大趋于稳定;载荷随压头压入位移的增大而增大,与位移呈非线性关系,极限载荷随着应变率的增加而增大;应变率对接触刚度几乎没有影响。     

热处理对MWCNTs/AZ80镁基复合材料组织和力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工法制备了不同体积分数碳纳米管增强AZ80镁基复合材料,考察了固溶+时效热处理对复合材料的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:镁基复合材料组织致密,晶粒细小,其中的碳纳米管均匀分布;热处理导致碳纳米管与AZ80基体界面上有A13Ni2化合物生成,改善了界面结构;复合材料的抗拉强度随碳纳米管体积分数的增加逐渐增加,固溶+时效处理后的复合材料的抗拉强度有所提高,影响MWCNTs/AZ80复合材料力学性能的主要因素是碳纳米管与镁基体之间的界面结合情况。     

纤维拔出时界面分离能释放率的应力函数分析

当引入应力平衡方程、边界条件和连续性条件时,提出了一个描述纤维拔出过程中、分离界面伴随摩擦时的弹性应力传递理论模型。根据最小势能原理,获得了纤维和基体中所有应力的求解和考察界面断裂特性的分离能释放率G的表达式,且当引入一个界面分离准则G≥iΓ时,提供了一个确定临界分离长度的方法。对纤维增强复合材料SiC/Ti-6Al-4V进行了数值计算,且和shear-lag(剪滞)理论结果作比较。     

铸造法制备纳米碳管增强镁基复合材料的力学性能研究

在氩气保护下,采用搅拌铸造的方法制成了碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料,测试了力学性能,观察和分析了显微组织.同时,用TEM和EDS方法对碳纳米管涂覆层的界面结构和成分进行了分析.试验结果表明:采用化学镀镍处理,可在CNTs表面获得均匀且结合力较强的涂覆层,改善了与基体的润湿和结合状况.CNTs对镁基材料具有较好的增强效果,经过涂覆处理的CNTs,增强效果更明显.在本试验条件下,CNTs能细化晶粒组织,提高复合材料的抗拉强度、伸长率、硬度和弹性模量.     

SiC_(foam)/Al双连续相复合材料的压缩行为

采用实验和模拟相结合的方法,利用ANSYS有限元软件对SiCfoam/Al(碳化硅泡沫增强铝基复合材料)双连续相复合材料的压缩行为进行了研究,分析变形过程中应力应变分布和材料特殊双连续结构对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:应力和应变分布都具有明显的轮廓曲线,且与SiC泡沫轮廓吻合,最大应力和应变均出现在泡沫筋的连接区,加速了材料的失效。复合材料的弹性模量同时具有奇异的成分效应和结构效应,即弹性模量不但与材料成分有关,而且由材料中连续的强化相决定,特殊的双连续相结构使复合材料具有高的弹性模量和压缩屈服强度。随着增强体体积分数的增加,复合材料的屈服强度具有最大值,模拟结果和实验结果一致。     

镁基复合材料的分类与研究进展

综述了镁基复合材料基体的分类、快速凝固制备以及应变诱导晶粒细化,并概述了颗粒增强、晶须增强、短纤维增强、碳纳米管增强、非连续纤维增强以及连续纤维增强镁基复合材料的研究进展以及发展趋势。     

石墨烯纳米片增强镁基复合材料力学性能及增强机制

采用分子动力学方法(MD)对单层石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)与单面及双面Ni包覆单层GNP (Ni-GNP、NiGNP-Ni)增强镁基复合材料(GNP/Mg、Ni-GNP/Mg、Ni-GNP-Ni/Mg)在单轴拉伸作用下的力学性能进行了研究,并与含有空位缺陷的双面Ni包覆单层GNP (Ni-defected GNP-Ni)及双面Ni包覆多层GNPs (Ni-n GNPs-Ni)增强镁基复合材料(Ni-defected GNP-Ni/Mg、Ni-n GNPs-Ni/Mg (n为GPNs层数))拉伸性能进行了对比。研究结果表明:GNPs的加入可以显著增强镁基复合材料的力学性能,与单晶Mg相比,GNP/Mg纳米复合材料在300 K及应变速率为1×10~9 s~(-1)时的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别提高了32.60%和37.91%,而Ni-GNP-Ni/Mg的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别提高了46.79%和54.53%;此外,Ni-defected GNP-Ni/Mg复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度较GNP/Mg有较大的提高,但其断裂应变提高的幅度较小;而Ni-GNP/Mg复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂应变较GNP/Mg有较大的提高,但其弹性模量提高的幅度较小。Ni-GNP-Ni/Mg基复合材料的弹性模量、拉伸强度和断裂应变随着温度的升高而降低,表现出了温度软化效应,但复合材料弹性模量的变化对温度不敏感。随着Ni-n GNPsNi中n的增加,即增强体体积分数增大时,复合材料弹性模量、拉伸强度及断裂应变均随之增大,复合材料表现出良好的综合力学性能。最后通过对原子结构演化的分析,发现Ni-GNP-Ni/Mg纳米复合材料的强化机制主要是界面强化、载荷的有效传递及位错强化。     

Dynamic Compressive Property of Closed-Cell Mg Alloy Composite Foams Reinforced with SiC Particles

The high-strain-rate mechanical response of Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams has received increased attention in recent years due to their light weight and potential to absorb large amounts of energy during deformation. Dynamic compressive properties of closed-cell Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams with diff erent relative densities(0.162, 0.227 and 0.351) and diff erent SiC_p additions(0, 4 and 8 wt%) have been investigated using Split-Hopkinson pressure bar. It is shown that peak stress and energy absorption capacity signifi cantly increase as the relative density increases at the range of testing strain rates. Peak stress and energy absorption display strain rate dependence. The peak stress of specimens with 0 wt% and 4 wt% SiC particles additions grows with increasing strain rate. Meanwhile, the increment in the peak stress of specimens with 8 wt% addition is not signifi cant with strain rate increasing. The increase in strain rate increases the energy absorption capacity. The suitable amount of SiC particles addition has great advantages over increasing the peak stress and energy absorption capacity at the high strain rate. The strain-rate-sensitive matrix, cell morphology, morphological defects and gas pressure have an impact on the strain-rate sensitivity of Mg alloy/SiC_p composite foams.     

The influence of carbon nanotubes on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31B magnesium alloy

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an effective reinforcement for magnesium (Mg) and its alloys due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, due to their quite different electrical properties compared to other carbon allotropes, the influence of CNTs on the corrosion of Mg is expected to be different. For this reason, the corrosion of AZ31B Mg alloy based composite with CNTs (AZ31B/CNT composite) was investigated with immersion tests, polarization tests and surface potential measurements. The galvanic corrosion between the Mg matrix and CNTs played an important role in the corrosion behaviour of the AZ31B/CNT composite.     

CNTs对TC4与C/C复合材料钎焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

试验采用加入了碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes，CNTs)的AgCu4.5Ti + xCNTs (x为质量分数，%)复合钎料(简称AgCuTi_C复合钎料)，实现了TC4钛合金与C/C复合材料的真空钎焊连接. 通过SEM，EDS等分析手段确定了在CNTs含量为0.2%、钎焊温度为880 ℃、保温时间为20 min时接头的典型界面组织为TC4/扩散层/Ti₂Cu/TiCu/Ti₃Cu₄/TiCu₄/TiC + TiCu₂ + Ag(s.s) + Cu(s.s)/Ti₃Cu₄/TiCu₄/TiC/C/C复合材料；研究了CNTs含量对接头组织与性能的影响. 结果表明，随着CNTs含量的增加，钎缝宽度变化呈下降趋势，界面组织细化，界面中的Ti₃Cu₄与TiCu₄脆性化合物的含量降低、TiC与TiCu₂化合物的含量增加；接头的抗剪强度呈先上升后下降的趋势变化；当CNTs含量为0.4%时抗剪强度最高，达到44 MPa；CNTs的加入可使界面组织得到细化，有利于缓解钎缝中心区域与两侧母材之间存在的由于热膨胀系数不匹配而形成的较大残余应力，有效地提高了接头的抗剪强度.     

Investigation of the interfacial reaction between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and aluminum

Aluminum (Al)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite films were fabricated by sputtering pure Al on the surface of aligned multi-walled CNT arrays. Heat treatment was performed in the temperature range 400–950 °C. The interfacial reaction between the Al and the CNTs was investigated by annealing the samples at various temperatures. The results indicated that aluminum carbide (Al₄C₃) was formed at the interface between the Al and CNT layers, and microscopy observation revealed that the reaction generally occurred at locations containing an amorphous carbon coating, at defect sites, and at open ends of CNTs. Because the nanosized CNTs are precursors for carbide formation, the Al₄C₃ formed is also nanoscale in size. The carbide formed on the surface as well as on the tips of the CNTs improves the interfacial interaction between the CNTs and the Al layers. This also contributes to the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the composite. Our investigation demonstrated that chemical vapor deposited CNTs are a suitable candidate as reinforcing material for Al and other metal matrices.     

铝基体上碳纳米管原位均匀合成及其复合材料的性能

采用负载于铝粉上的镍催化剂,成功地在650℃通过化学气相沉积法在钳基体中原位合成碳纳米管。结构农征表明,所合成的碳纳米管具有较高的石墨化程度和平直的石墨壳层。通过该方法实现铝粉中碳纳米管的弥散分布,其分散效果优于传统机械混合方法。利用所合成的碳纳米管／铝原位复合粉末,采用粉末冶金工艺制备碳纳米管／铝基复合材料。性能测试表明,制备的复合材料的力学性能和尺寸稳定性得到显著提高,其原因在于铝基体中碳纳米管的均匀分散和碳纳米管－铝基体之间良好的界面结合。     

退火处理对Al/ZE42/Al复合板界面组织和腐蚀行为的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、盐水浸泡等方法研究了退火热处理工艺对Al/ZE42/Al复合板界面微观组织和该复合板在5.0%Na Cl(质量分数)水溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。实验结果表明:Al/ZE42/Al复合板经退火处理后,界面区域发生Mg和Al等元素的互扩散,界面扩散层包含2个反应层,靠近ZE42镁合金一侧的反应层为Mg_(17)Al_(12)相,靠近Al板一侧的反应层为Al_3Mg_2相,随着退火温度的升高或者保温时间的延长,ZE42/Al界面扩散层的厚度增加,ZE42镁合金发生了再结晶组织转变;退火热处理没有明显改善Al/ZE42/Al复合板的耐腐蚀性能,提高了腐蚀速率,其腐蚀机制为复合板边部向内部扩散而导致的电偶腐蚀加剧。     

Interfacial Characteristic of as-Deformed SiCp-Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composite

The （submicron ＋ micron） SiCp-reinforced magnesium matrix composite was fabricated by stir casting. After the application of forging and extrusion, the interface between SiCp and Mg in the composite was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the interfacial characterization was different at the interfaces of micron-SiCp/Mg and submicron-SiCp/Mg. While most interfaces between micron-SiCp and Mg were clean, the precip- itated Mg17A112 phase as well as dispersedly distributed nano-MgO particles was observed at some interfaces. Unlike the interface between micron-SiCp and Mg, no interfacial reaction product was found at the interface between submicron-SiCp and Mg in the present study. Besides, the specific orientation relationships were found at the interfaces between submicron- SiCp and Mg, which was thought to have developed during hot deformation process. At the fracture surface of the composite, the microcracks were found at the interface between micron-SiCp and Mg, while the interfacial bonding between submicron-SiCp and Mg was very well.     

Effects of Cu content on microstructures and compressive mechanical properties of CNTs/Al-Cu composites

The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Al-Cu matrix composites were prepared by hot pressing sintering and hot rolling, and the effects of Cu content on the interfacial reaction between Al and CNTs, the precipitation behavior of Cu-containing precipitates, and the resultant mechanical properties of the composites were systematically investigated. The results showed that the increase of Cu content can not only increase the number and size of Cu-containing precipitate generated during the composite fabrication processes, but also promote the interfacial reaction between CNTs and Al matrix, leading to the intensified conversion of CNTs into Al₄C₃. As a result, the composite containing 1 wt.% Cu possesses the highest strength, elastic modulus and hardness among all composites, due to the maintenance of the original structure of CNTs. Moreover, the increase of Cu content can change the dominant strengthening mechanisms for the enhanced strength of the fabricated composites.     

Carbon nanotubes grown over Fe−Mo−Mg−O composite catalysts

High quality, high yield carbon nanotubes were synthesized on a composite catalyst using catalytic chemical vapor deposition. The composite catalysts Fe/MgO, Mo/MgO and (Fe, Mo)/ MgO, prepared via the solgel method using citric acid as fuel, were investigated for the production of CNTs. Only the (Fe, Mo)/MgO catalyst could support CNTs growth with high yield in this study. The different mole ratios between Fe, Mo, and Mg resulted in changes in product structure, diameter size, and yield. Decreasing the Fe concentration reduces the structural defects, and by increasing the Mo concentration, the yields of CNTs clearly increase.     

Interfacial reaction in ASZ/A384 Al composite and its influence on mechanical properties

In an ASZ/A384 Al composite, the interfacial reaction was observed to take place between the SiO₂ binder layer and Mg within the matrix to form MgAl₂O₄ at the interface. Formation of MgAl₂O₄ at the interface between ASZ short fibers and the Al matrix alloy is believed to enhance the interfacial bonding strength, resulting in improved composite strength. However, the interfacial reaction in the ASZ/A384 Al proceeds at the expense of Mg in the matrix, resulting in a composite devoid of Mg bearing precipitates such as Al₂CuMg and Mg₂Si.