两种Ce微合金化铝锂合金形变热处理时的微观组织与拉伸性能

研究了Ce添加量分别为0.09%及0.23%的Al-4.15Cu-1.25Li-X高强铝锂合金薄板T6态时效(175℃时效)及T8态时效(5%冷轧预变形+155℃时效)时的微观组织和拉伸性能。结果表明,相比T6态时效,T8态时效时铝锂合金强度及伸长率均有所提高。T8态时效时,含0.23%Ce的铝锂合金强度及伸长率均低于Ce含量为0.09%的铝锂合金。Ce含量增加未改变铝锂合金中时效析出相的种类,主要强化相仍为T1相(Al_2CuLi)及θ'相(Al_2Cu),但其数量减少。微量Ce的添加可形成含Ce且富Cu的Al_8Cu_4Ce相粒子,这些粒子在均匀化及固溶处理时均难以完全溶解。Ce含量增加,导致固溶基体中Cu含量降低,时效时含Cu析出相T1相及θ'相含量减少,铝锂合金强度降低。     

时效和预变形对2195铝锂合金组织与性能的影响

利用透射电镜、拉伸试验等手段，研究了时效温度、时效时间和预变形量对2195铝锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响，优化了铝锂合金的时效处理工艺。结果表明：T6态和T8态铝锂合金的硬度均会随着时效时间的延长先增加后减小，经过预变形处理后铝锂合金的峰值硬度对应的时效时间缩短；随着时效时间的延长，T6态和T8态铝锂合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率的变化趋势相同，经过预变形处理的T8态(预变形量5%+175℃/36 h)铝锂合金的峰值抗拉强度、峰值屈服强度和对应断后伸长率较T6态(175℃/48h)铝锂合金分别增加了11.58%、22.97%和17.78%。T6态和T8态铝锂合金中均存在颗粒状δ′相、针状θ′相、类球形δ′/β′复合相和针状T₁相，且后者的T₁相更加细小、数量更多、分布更加均匀。2195铝锂合金适宜的时效工艺和预变形量为175℃/36 h+5%。     

重固溶-不同温度T8再时效2195铝锂合金的力学性能与显微组织演化

以5.2 mm厚度2195-T8铝锂合金为对象,进行重固溶、4.5%预变形后不同温度(145C~160℃)的T8再时效处理,研究其力学性能与晶内显微组织演化。结果表明:重固溶处理后的晶粒形态与原始2195-T8态晶粒形态一样,仍然保持为拉长的带状晶粒组织。重固溶并经4.5%预变形后,再采用适当的温度和时间进行T8时效处理,2195铝锂合金可以回复到原始T8态的显微组织和力学性能,即2195铝锂合金采用重固溶-T8再时效处理不会明显损害其力学性能。2195铝锂合金的晶内时效析出相包括T1相(Al2Cu Li)、δ′相(Al3Li)、θ′相(Al2Cu)及θ″相(Al2Cu),其中优先析出相为T1相;较低温度及较短时间时效可形成较多δ′相和θ″相;随着时效时间延长,T1相生长,θ″相转化为θ′相并减少,δ′相消失;时效温度提高可促进该转变过程,加快铝锂合金的时效响应速度。     

不同时效制度对铝锂合金力学性能与微观组织的影响

本文采用TEM、SEM、EBSD和室温拉伸测试等方法，研究了时效温度及预拉伸过程对喷射成形2195铝锂合金挤压棒组织性能的影响规律。结果表明：当时效温度低于145℃时，2195铝锂合金T6状态下基体微观组织中主要形成GP区+θ?/θ’相，而T8状态下基体微观组织中主要形成T1+θ’相，且T8状态下合金的晶界无析出带宽度相对T6状态显著降低。当时效温度增加至155℃时，2195铝锂合金T6状态下基体微观组织发生显著变化，逐渐由GP区+θ?/θ’相向T1+θ?/θ’相转变，并伴随θ?/θ’相数量的减少，而T8状态下基体微观组织由T1+θ?/θ’相转变为以T1相为主导的微观组织。3%的预拉伸增加了基体中的位错密度，可作为T1相优先形核位置，导致相同时效温度下，T8态合金的屈服强度明显高于T6态合金，但对抗拉强度的影响不明显，这是沉淀强化效果优于加工硬化效果导致的。T6状态下(165℃, 24 h)时效处理获得最佳的强塑性(抗拉强度584 MPa，屈服强度526 MPa，断后伸长率11.5%)，而T8状态下3%预拉伸+(155℃, 24 h)时效获得最佳的强塑性匹配(抗拉强度622 MPa，屈...     

微量In对Al-Cu-1.0Li-(Mg)合金微观组织与拉伸性能的影响（英文）

研究了Al-Cu-Li-(0.35Mg)-(0.2In)合金的拉伸性能、时效析出相类型及其分布。T6峰时效时,Al-Cu-Li合金的时效析出相为T1(Al_2CuL i)和θ'(Al_2Cu)相。添加0.2%In时,T6态时效早期形成许多方块状的立方相Al_5Cu_6Li_2,且随时间延长其尺寸保持稳定;同时,可促进θ'相析出,相应合金的时效响应加速,强度提高。同时添加In和Mg可抑制Al_5Cu_6Li_2相析出,但促进T1相析出。In和Mg的复合微合金化效果小于2050铝锂合金中Ag和Mg的复合微合金化效果,因而In+Mg复合微合金化铝锂合金T6态强度低于Ag+Mg复合微合金化的2050铝锂合金。T8态时效时,时效前预变形产生的位错抑制了In元素单独添加和In+Mg复合添加的微合金化效果。     

Ce对高强Al-Cu-Li合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜及拉伸性能在测试研究0.11%Ce(质量分数)添加对一种Al-Cu-Li系高强铝锂合金薄板T8态时效(5%冷轧预变形+155℃时效)组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:0.11%Ce添加明显降低合金强度,但伸长率略有增加。微量Ce添加可细化铸态晶粒组织及固溶再结晶晶粒组织;而且微量Ce添加未改变铝锂合金中时效析出相的种类,主要强化相仍然为T1相(Al_2CuLi)及θ′相(Al_2Cu),但其数量减少。铝锂合金中添加微量Ce,凝固时可形成含Ce且富Cu的Al_8Cu_4Ce相粒子,在后续均匀化及固溶处理时均难以完全溶解,导致固溶基体中的Cu含量降低,时效时含Cu析出相T1相及θ′相含量减少,合金强度降低。     

稀土元素Ce和预变形对Al—Li—Cu—Zr合金时效相变过程的影响

以2090铝锂合金为对象，研究了稀土元素Ce和预变形对其时效过程的影响，结果表明：微量Ce(0.11%),能显著弥散T1相，使T1相均匀，细小地析出，且在峰时效态表现明显，但Ce对δ′相的相变过程影响不大，预变形使合金位错密度增大，减小了T1相的形核功，从而促进了T1相和δ′相析出；微量稀土元素Ce(0.04%-0.14%)和预变形（3％－9％）配合使用可达到更好的综合性能效果。     

In对Al-3.5Cu合金析出过程的影响

利用透射电镜(TEM),差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等方法对Al-3.5Cu和Al-3.5Cu-0.5In(质量分数,%)合金中θ′相的生成及粗化行为进行对比研究。在175℃时效时In的添加显著地促进了合金的时效响应,时效峰值硬度提高了约200MPa。TEM观察结果显示富铟(In′)粒子在时效早期均匀析出,为θ′相的析出提供了非均匀形核位置;且在θ′相宽面发现了位于其片状顶角的In′粒子;时效后期含In合金中θ′相粗化速率明显小于无In合金。时效前增加6%预变形后两种合金时效响应及效果差别不大,证实T6状态In主要是通过淬火空位团簇,从而促进θ′相析出。     

分级时效对新型Al-Cu-Li合金组织与性能的影响

通过力学性能和显微组织检测分析,研究了分级时效工艺对新型Al-Cu-Li合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明：经先高温后低温的双级时效处理和先低温后高温再低温的三级时效工艺处理的合金强度均比T6态的高,但比T8态的稍低;对于先高温后低温的双级时效制度,合金在165℃高温时效析出了δ′、θ′、T1相和σ相,然后,在130℃二次时效后析出大量细小弥散针状强化相,从而提高了合金的强度;对于先低温后高温再低温的三级时效工艺制度,在150℃预时效形成GP区和过渡相,从而在165℃时效析出了较多的第二相,经130℃的第三级时效后析出了细小的第二相,从而使合金具有较好的综合力学性能。     

Mg和Zn对2099合金时效组织与拉伸性能的影响

通过常规力学性能测试和透射电镜微观组织观察,研究2099合金在不同热处理状态(T6和T8)下的微观组织和拉伸性能,以及2099合金中所含少量Mg和Zn对合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明:2099合金在T6峰时效条件下,主要强化相是δ′相、θ′相和T1相;在T8峰时效下,主要强化相是δ′相、T1相和少量θ′相,预拉伸变形促进T1相的析出,提高合金的时效强化效果;Mg的添加促进GP区和θ′相的析出,Zn的添加有利于T1相生成和弥散分布;而Mg和Zn同时添加显著地促进T1相析出,并抑制δ′相的粗化。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Rheology Feature of Simple Metal Melt

The rheology feature of Sb, Bi melt and alloys was studied using coaxial cylinder high-temperature viscometer. The results showed that the curve of torsion-rotational speed for Sb melt presents a linear relation in all measured temperature ranges, whereas for the Bi melt, the curve presents obvious non-Newtonian feature within the low temperature range and at relative high shear stress. The rheology feature of Sb80Bi20 and Sb20Bi80 alloy melts was well correlated with that of Sb and Bi, respectively. It is considered that the rheology behavior of Sb melt plays a crucial role in Sb80Bi20 alloy and that of Bi melt plays a crucial role in Sb20Bi80 alloy.