置氢TC21合金粉末压制方程研究

为建立置氢TC21钛合金粉末的压制性能评价体系,和置氢TC21合金粉末室温模压成形过程压制方程,测定了置氢TC21合金粉末外加压力、压坯密度及压坯强度与合金粉末置氢量的关系,将试验数据代入推导的置氢TC21钛合金粉末的压制方程之中,采用VB求解超限定方程组,计算出方程中所含的3个参数的值,并最终定量研究了这3个参数与置氢量的关系,确定了占主导地位的成形机制,最终得到了置氢TC21合金粉末压制性能及压制方程,从而为精确控制置氢钛合金粉末模压成形提供了依据。     

置氢TC4合金粉末放电等离子烧结制件组织研究

采用置氢钛合金粉末放电等离子体烧结成形与钛合金热氢处理技术相结合的工艺路线制备合金,研究了置氢量及烧结温度对置氢TC4合金粉末成形后组织性能的影响规律。结果表明:随放电等离子烧结温度的升高和置氢量的增加,置氢TC4粉末放电等离子烧结体的密度均呈逐渐增高趋势,置氢量TC4钛合金粉末SPS烧结的显微组织由针状马氏体组织向板条状马氏体组织演变。置氢量0.01%TC4钛合金粉末SPS烧结的显微组织为等轴晶粒组织;当置氢量达到0.42%时,晶粒尺寸最细小,且晶粒内均出现明显马氏体,并且其烧结体的密度都为最大值。     

氢含量对置氢TC21粉末热等静压制件组织与性能影响

采用置氢钛合金粉末热等静压成形与钛合金热氢处理技术相结合的新工艺路线制备合金,研究了置氢量对置氢TC21合金粉末热等静压制件组织性能的影响规律。结果表明:随置氢量增加,置氢TC21合金粉末热等静压后制品密度逐渐增大;热等静压后制品的组织呈片层状、α/β集束状和网篮状组织,退火除氢后原始组织中片状和长条状的α/β集束得到破碎、细化;热等静压制件真空退火后抗拉强度呈逐渐升高的趋势,其拉伸端口形貌由长条状和片状组织沿晶韧窝断裂特征,向网篮组织穿晶和沿晶共存的断裂过渡,且两种组织的断裂都具有延性特征。     

置氢TC4钛合金激光焊接接头超塑变形组织均匀性分析

文中采用置氢处理的方式对钛合金激光焊接接头超塑性变形组织均匀性展开研究,研究不同的置氢量对TC4钛合金激光焊接头变形均匀性和组织均匀性的影响,并引进变形不均匀性系数和组织均匀化系数来进行表征. 结果表明,置氢可以调节钛合金激光焊接接头中相组成,改善焊接接头超塑性变形均匀性. 随着置氢量的增大,组织均匀化系数越大,组织均匀化程度越高;在相同置氢量,变形温度的升高或初始应变速率的降低均会使均匀化程度上升,并在置氢量1.30%、变形温度920 ℃、应变速率1×10-4s-1的条件下接头组织均匀化系数达到了95%.     

置氢TC21合金粉末烧结材料高温流变行为及组织演变

采用热压缩试验研究置氢量0.22wt%TC21钛合金粉末烧结材料在温度850℃~1000℃和应变速率0.001s-1~0.10 s-1范围内的流变行为和组织演变,分析了该合金烧结材料在试验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征。动力学分析获得置氢TC21合金粉末烧结材料高温压缩变形的应力指数和变形激活能分别为3.32kJ/mol和442.74kJ/mol,表明置氢TC21合金粉末制品在高温变形过程中均发生了动态再结晶。组织观察发现,在β相区变形时,β晶粒随金属流动方向明显被拉长、变形;在α+β相区变形时,β相的组织变化基本同其在β相区变形时一样,只是β相再结晶过程加剧;在α相区变形时,原始的的片状和等轴状组织中α相组织发生再结晶,初生的α相含量逐渐减少。平面应变状态下发生动态再结晶的临界变形量大于均匀单向压缩状态下的临界变形量。     

置氢TC16钛合金微观组织与变形行为

通过置氢处理得到不同氢含量的TC16钛合金,采用连续升温法研究了氢含量对TC16钛合金相转变温度的影响,利用光学显微镜研究了置氢TC16钛合金的微观组织,应用准静态压缩试验研究了置氢TC16钛合金的变形行为,通过磁脉冲冷镦试验研究了高应变速率下合金的变形行为。结果表明,TC16钛合金相变温度随氢含量的增加而单调递减,当氢含量达到0.30wt.%时,相变温度大约下降150℃;置氢TC16钛合金微观组织发生变化,低氢时出现了马氏体组织,高氢时主要由等轴β相组织构成;置氢TC16钛合金的应变速率敏感性增加,随着变形速率的提高,其变形性能得到改善,在高应变速率条件下压缩变形极限大于86%,通过冷镦试验制备了表面完好的托板螺母,对变形行为进行了验证。     

去应力退火对TC18和TC21钛合金吸氢含量的影响

在井式空气炉内按GJB 3763A—2004标准的最高温度和最长保温时间对TC18和TC21钛合金进行了去应力退火,研究了空气炉去应力退火对TC18和TC21钛合金吸氢含量的影响。结果表明:与去应力退火前相比,TC18钛合金经空气炉去应力退火后氢含量有所增加,而TC21钛合金氢含量反而降低。经去应力退火后,TC18和TC21钛合金的氢含量分别为0.0029%和0.0025%,远小于材料规范要求的氢含量(＜0.015%);随表层至中心(深度变化),氢含量未见明显的规律性变化,里层氢含量与表层氢含量相差不大。从吸氢量考虑,该两种钛合金均可采用空气炉进行消除应力热处理。     

置氢量对TC4钛合金激光焊接头组织相变及硬度的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等研究了置氢量分别在0%、0.05%、0.16%和0.37%时的TC4钛合金激光焊接头的显微组织及相变,并用数字显微硬度计分析置氢后接头硬度的变化规律,阐述其影响机制。结果表明:随着置氢量的增加,母材中的α相减少,β相增加;焊缝组织由针状马氏体α′相转变为片层状组织,且母材和焊缝组织向同一方向转变。接头显微硬度随置氢量的增加逐渐降低,且母材和焊缝的硬度差值逐步缩小,当置氢量为0.37%时,焊缝和母材的硬度差最小,为13 HV。置氢量影响TC4钛合金接头硬度的原因是接头中软化相β、氢化物δ和氢的固溶强化等引起的多种相变的作用。     

钛合金粉末冶金内润滑温压成形

为了制各低成本、高性能的钛合金粉末冶金零件,研究了钛合金粉末的内润滑温压成形行为.当采用0.06%Li-st和0.06%HDPE(质量分数,下同)润滑剂进行内润滑温压成形时,在180℃温压、500 MPa压力下,1350℃烧结坯的相对密度值均大于99%,相对密度最大值达到99.56%,接近全致密,且烧结坯具有较低的杂质含量和较高的尺寸精度.钛合金粉末的内润滑温压成形较室温成形细化了合金的显微组织、提高了钛合金零件的致密度.     

置氢TC4钛合金激光焊接接头超塑变形性能研究

摘 要: 置氢处理可以调节TC4钛合金激光焊接接头超塑性变形组织状态,提高焊接接头超塑变形组织均匀性;本项目采用置氢处理研究了TC4钛合金激光焊纵向焊缝接头超塑性变形行为,是置氢提高钛合金激光焊接接头超塑变形均匀性的基础性研究。主要研究了置氢量对TC4激光焊接接头峰值流变应力、焊板延伸率、组织均匀性的影响。研究表明：激光焊板超塑性变形中的峰值流变应力随含氢量的增大而增大,随变形温度的升高而降低,随变形速率的增大而增大;试样延伸率随含氢量的增大而减小,随变形温度的升高而增大,随变形速率的增大而减小。在含氢量0.291%,变形温度920℃,变形速率10-4S-1时,峰值流变应力最小达到20.7MPA,焊板延伸率达到最大312%。置氢TC4钛合金激光焊接接头可以承受超塑性变形而不破坏,在初始应变速率为10-3S-1和10-4S-1时,试样峰值流变应力低于80MPA。     

One-step production of high-strength titanium alloy by sintering titanium hydride powder from upgraded titania slag

A direct production method of high-strength titanium alloy from upgraded titania slag (UGS) was developed. First, UGS was reduced into alloy powder with 1.3 wt.% oxygen using magnesium powder. Subsequently, the alloy powder was compacted at 600 MPa to produce a pellet. Lastly, the pellet was sintered to produce titanium alloy. The reduced powder was characterized, and the effect arising from the sintering temperature on the sintered density, compressive strength, microstructure, and hardness of the alloys was studied. The results showed that the density tended to increase with the temperature increasing from 900 to 1200 °C, whereas the porosity decreased. A significant sintering densification was achieved at the temperature above 1100 °C (98.65% at 1100 °C and 99.41% at 1200 °C). At 1100 °C, the hardness and compressive strength reached the maximal values of the alloy, HV 655.7 and 1563 MPa, respectively.     

Effects of various sintering methods on microstructure and mechanical properties of CP-Ti powder consolidations

Effects of various sintering methods such as spark plasma sintering (SPS), hot pressing (HP) and electric resistance sintering (ERS) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) powder consolidations with particle size of <147 μm, <74 μm and <43 μm were studied. The smaller particle powders are densified to proceed at a higher rate. Dense titanium with relative density up to 99% is found to take place at 850 °C under 30 MPa of SPS and HP condition. However, in case of ERS, CP-Ti powders were densified almost at 950 °C under 30 MPa. The microstructure of sintered titanium is composed of equiaxed grains at 850–950 °C. The yield strength of sintered body composed of <43 μm powder is 858 MPa by using SPS at 850 °C under 30 MPa. When there is a higher content of small particle, the higher yield strength value is obtained both by using SPS and HP. However, when ERS is introduced, the highest yield strength is 441 MPa at 950 °C under 30 MPa, which shows much lower values than those by SPS and HP methods. ERS method takes much less sintering time compared with SPS and HP. Nevertheless, higher sintering temperature results in lower strength and elongation because of brittle fracture.     

氢对Ti-6Al-4V合金微观组织的影响

采用累计流量法对供应态Ti-6Al-4V合金进行了固态置氢,运用OM、XRD、TEM分析等方法研究了Ti-6Al-4V合金固态置氢后的微观组织状态及演变过程。结果表明:供应态Ti-6Al-4V合金的置氢量低于0.30%(质量分数,下同)时,置氢使得Ti-6Al-4V合金中的α相减少、β相增加;置氢量达到0.30%时,置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金中有δ氢化物(TiH2相)形成;β-Ti(H)共析转变生成α-Ti和δ氢化物时主要以切变方式进行;置氢Ti-6Al-4V合金的相变温度最多下降了180°C,与Ti-6Al-4V合金在置氢过程中的相体积比变化和共析转变有密切关系。     

镁对氢化钛烧结致密化的影响

以氢化钛粉末和镁粉为原料,利用模压工艺制备纯钛,主要研究了镁对氢化钛粉末烧结致密化的影响。结果表明,少量镁的添加能够促进氢化钛粉末的烧结致密化,而过量镁则降低烧结密度,镁添加量为0.5%(质量分数,下同)时效果最优,将烧结体相对密度由96.5%提高到98.7%。通过对烧结过程动力学、镁还原氧化钛反应的热力学和动力学,以及烧结体成分进行分析,发现少量镁促进氢化钛烧结致密化的机理为:真空烧结时镁从坯体中挥发,形成的镁蒸气对粉末颗粒表面的氧起到净化作用,提高了烧结活性,从而提高烧结密度。     

YbB6 对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金组织和性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）制备了含YbB₆的Ti-6Al-4V钛合金,并研究了YbB₆对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着YbB₆含量的增加,复合材料的显微组织发生转变,晶粒明显细化,原位反应生成的TiB晶须和Yb₂O₃颗粒有利于复合材料力学性能的提高。此外,当添加0.6%（质量分数）YbB₆后,烧结样品的相对密度、显微硬度、屈服强度、极限拉伸强度和延伸率分别为99.43%、4030 MPa、903 MPa、1148 MPa和3.3%。与Ti-6Al-4V试样相比,其数值分别提高了0.37%、13.8%、38.07%和17.14%。强化机制主要是组织转变、晶粒细化和弥散强化。随着YbB₆含量的增加,断裂方式主要为韧性断裂和脆性断裂。     

Microstructure and properties of hydrogenated TB8 alloy

Thermohydrogen processing can enhance workability, decrease flow stress and deforming temperature of titanium alloys. In this study, thermohydrogen processing was carried out for metastable b-type TB8 alloy. The microstructures of hydrogenated TB8 alloy were investigated based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electronic microscopy(TEM) as well as X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The results reveal that d hydride phase forms in the hydrogenated TB8 alloy, but the amount of b phase increases with hydrogen content increasing. Single b phase appears when the hydrogen content reaches 0.7 wt%. The alloying elements redistribute in the hydrogenated TB8 alloy, and hydrogen leads to the reduction of the alloying elements in b phase. The room-temperature compression tests were performed on a MTS809 machine. It is found that the room-temperature yield strength of hydrogenated TB8 alloy decreases. And minimum yield strength is obtained at a hydrogen content of 0.5 wt%. The ductility does not decrease within 0.7 wt%hydrogen content. These results provide theoretical basis for improving the formability and promoting the applications of TB8 alloy.     

氢对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织及超塑变形行为的影响

应用光学显微镜研究氢对Ti-6Al-4V显微组织的影响,并在温度800℃～860℃和应变速率10-3s-1的变形条件下进行超塑拉伸实验。结果表明,随着氢含量的增加,β相的比例提高,且由等轴组织转变为双态组织,随着氢含量的进一步增加,在α相中形成了氢化物;同时,适量的氢可以显著降低Ti-6Al-4V合金峰值应力,置氢0.32wt%H,其峰值流动应力降低了约55%;此外,适量置氢可以显著降低Ti-6Al-4V合金的超塑性变形温度,较原始合金最佳超塑变形温度可降低60℃～100℃,置氢0.11wt%H,在840℃获得了1190%的延伸率,较相同条件下的原始合金延伸率提高75%。文章研究结果可为超塑成形、超塑成形/扩散连接工艺及生产提供优化参考。