挤压工艺参数对FGH96合金棒材显微组织的影响

对FGH96合金进行了不同挤压工艺参数的热挤压变形,研究了挤压温度、挤压比、挤压速度对FGH96合金热挤压棒材的晶粒组织和γ′相的影响,以及γ′相对再结晶晶粒长大的影响。结果表明:在实验选定的挤压工艺参数范围内,FGH96合金均发生了动态再结晶,随着挤压温度的升高,再结晶晶粒尺寸增大;在FGH96合金棒材的显微组织中,大尺寸γ′相呈链状分布于晶界,小尺寸的γ′相弥散分布在晶粒内部;随着挤压温度的升高,晶界处的大尺寸γ′相逐渐溶解,晶界迁移、阻力减小,再结晶晶粒长大,挤压温度为1100℃时,晶界处的大尺寸γ′相开始快速溶解,再结晶晶粒开始明显长大;挤压比和挤压速度的影响主要体现在单位时间内等效应变量和变形潜热对再结晶形核和长大的双重作用上,挤压比或者挤压速度过大或过小均会出现不均匀组织。     

FGH97合金的显微组织

结合FGH97合金的制备工艺,采用显微组织观察等手段,对合金的显微组织进行了分析研究与讨论,结果表明,直接热等静压成形的FGH97合金的晶粒组织均匀,晶粒度为6～7级;合金中的Hf元素对减少合金中的原始颗粒边界(PPB)有着显著作用,同时,Hf元素会进入γ'相和碳化物,提高γ'相的强度和碳化物的稳定性;合金的显微组织具有弯晶特点,这对合金的塑性和韧性非常重要.     

FGH96合金挤压过程非金属夹杂物的变形行为

对热等静压态FGH96合金进行热挤压变形,分析非金属夹杂物Al2O3和SiO2在热等静压和热挤压过程中的形貌特征与变形特性。结果表明:在热等静压和热挤压过程中,Al2O3夹杂与FGH96合金基体为机械结合,两者之间没有反应过渡区,而SiO2夹杂与FGH96合金基体中的铝和钛元素在高温和高压下发生化学反应,在基体与SiO2夹杂之间形成反应过渡区;FGH96合金挤压变形过程中,材料内部为三向压应力状态,在挤压方向非金属夹杂物被拉长成不连续的线状,在垂直于挤压方向,夹杂物投影面积减小;大挤压比的热挤压变形能有效破碎合金中的非金属夹杂物缺陷,细化合金晶粒,提高FGH96合金盘件的纯净度水平。     

热模锻造+直接时效粉末高温合金的强化机制

对涡轮盘用镍基粉末高温合金FGH 4096进行了热模锻造+直接时效处理,探索细化粉末高温合金毛坯组织的工艺及相关增强机制.结果表明:在不降低延伸率的前提下,直接时效处理对于热模锻造后的合金具有明显的强化作用,并且以多方向变形配合直接时效的强化效果最为显著.按多方向热模锻造+直接时效工艺,可使FGH 4096合金的组织显著细化,平均晶粒尺寸达6μm,γ′相析出尺寸达80 nm.OM,SEM和TEM观察表明,除多方向大变形可直接破碎晶粒、细化晶粒外,反复再结晶也是细化晶粒的有效途径;同时,洁净的再结晶晶界完全取代了原始粉末颗粒边界.直接时效处理后保留了多方向变形产生的位错缠结,并且获得更为细小的γ′相.热模锻造+直接时效处理后合金所表现出来的超高强度主要源自于细晶强化、晶界强化、形变强化和γ′相强化的综合作用.     

不同三级时效热处理对FGH4097合金显微组织和γ'相演化的影响

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了 FGH4097粉末高温合金经9种不同三级时效工艺处理后的显微组织和γ'相的演变.结果表明:不同时效制度下FGH4097合金的光学显微组织变化不大,均未见原始粉末颗粒边界组织;不同时效制度对合金的二次γ'相的形态有一定的影响,对三次γ'相的平均尺寸、面积分数、颗粒密度和尺寸分布有明显的影响...     

DD6/FGH96线性摩擦焊接头组织及性能

文中针对航空发动机涡轮盘的典型材料DD6单晶和FGH96粉末合金材料,开展了异种材料线性摩擦焊工艺研究.研究了DD6/FGH96的可焊性,并对DD6/FGH96线性摩擦焊接头进行了组织观察和力学性能测试.结果表明,焊接后FGH96侧组织有明显变形区,而DD6侧组织变形不明显.两种材料焊缝区的γ'相均发生了溶解,而且尺寸也发生变化.拉伸测试结果表明,断裂均发生在DD6单晶侧,接头抗拉强度可与DD6单晶母材相当.     

FGH96合金挤压过程中Al2O3夹杂物的变形特征分析

通过对FGH96合金中非金属夹杂物Al2O3进行微小材料压缩试验,得到其压缩过程中的载荷--位移曲线和平均破碎点载荷.并对FGH96合金在成形温度1000℃,1050℃和1100℃,应变速率1.0s-1,0.1s-1.0.01s-1和0.001s-1下进行热模拟试验,得到高温下FGH96合金的交形规律.结合以上两组数据,对FGH96合金进行了挤压过程模拟,模拟结果表明挤压筒内部的合金应力值较高且分布均匀,但挤压模坡口处合金的应力值较低且变化较大.针对以上模拟结果,对Al2O3,夹杂物进行了单向压缩和双向等压两种应力状态下的模拟分析.结果表明,在双向等压条件下,FGH96合金中的Al2O3,夹杂物只有在其周围基体应力较高时,会在棱角处发生破碎,且碎裂程度较小;而在单向压缩应力状态下,Al2O3,夹杂物较容易发生破碎,且破碎程度较大.     

热挤压态FGH96粉末冶金高温合金的显微组织与力学性能

以热挤压态镍基粉末冶金高温合金FGH96为研究对象,研究该合金横向(垂直于挤压方向)和纵向(沿挤压方向)试样的显微组织及力学性能,分析断裂机制和变形后的显微组织。结果表明:FGH96合金横向及纵向试样均为无明显织构的等轴晶组织,且平均晶粒尺寸及γ'相体积分数基本一致。在应变速率1×10~(-4)s~(-1)时,横向和纵向拉伸试样抗拉强度在25~650℃温度区间内随温度升高缓慢降低,当温度高于650℃时,抗拉温度下降速率显著增加;且横向试样的抗拉强度低于相同实验条件下纵向试样的抗拉强度,差值为150~200 MPa;失效机制为从室温条件下的穿晶断裂转变为混合断裂模式,横向试样的转变温度为400℃左右,纵向试样的转变温度约为650℃;横向试样变形后,显微组织有高密度的位错缠结及层错;纵向试样拉伸断裂后,显微组织则主要为孪晶及位错与γ'相的交互作用。     

固溶热处理对新型镍基粉末FGH98Ⅰ高温合金组织与性能的影响

对新型镍基粉末高温合金(FGH98Ⅰ)在不同温度下进行固溶热处理,采用热力学相计算、光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜及化学相分析等研究了亚固溶和过固溶合金的析出相和显微组织,并综合分析了组织与性能的关系。结果表明:FGH98Ⅰ合金经1130℃亚固溶和1190℃过固溶处理后的析出相均为γ’、MC、M23C6和M3B2等,未发现TCP(拓扑密堆)相。FGH98Ⅰ合金亚固溶热处理后晶粒稍有长大,存在尺寸不同的初次、二次和三次γ′相;过固溶热处理合金的晶粒明显长大,存在单模分布的二次γ′相;前者由于晶粒较小使强度更高,后者因减小二次γ′相尺寸和消除初次γ′相,PPB(原始颗粒边界)和残余枝晶,提高了合金的高温塑性和持久性能,说明不同晶粒尺寸和γ′相特征是FGH98Ⅰ盘件获得双性能的关键因素。     

FGH96合金的热塑性变形行为和工艺

通过高温热压缩实验,得到了不同温度和不同应变速率条件下热等静压FGH96合金的真应力-应变曲线,在此基础上,建立了FGH96合金热塑性变形过程中的热加工图.通过对材料微观组织、应力应变响应及热加工图的对比分析,确定了优化的热塑性锻造窗口,提出了FGH96合金细晶盘坯锻造工艺.根据优化的热塑性锻造窗口,利用等温锻造工艺锻造出无开裂的细晶粒盘坯.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.