激光焊接Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Fe-2Mo合金的超塑成形组织及性能

对光纤激光焊接的SP700钛合金的超塑变形性能、组织演化及变形后的力学性能进行研究。结果发现,800℃锥形件变形时,焊接方向平行轧制方向具有更优的超塑变形性能,最大成形压力为0.8 MPa,最大成形高度为75 mm,较母材高20 mm。随着变形量的增加,焊缝区粗大的柱状晶和焊接接头咬边逐渐消失,晶粒得到细化。经过33%的超塑变形量后,焊接方向平行和垂直轧制方向的抗拉强度均有所下降,但平行轧制方向、775℃成形的抗拉强度下降最小,仅为2.2%。锥形件和盒形件拉伸试样的断裂失效位置均在母材上。     

SP700钛合金激光焊的焊缝成形与性能分析

对δ=1.2 mm的SP700钛合金开展光纤激光焊接试验,探讨SP700钛合金激光焊的焊缝成形与组织性能.结果表明,负离焦量主要影响着焊缝的背面熔宽,而正离焦量则对表面熔宽的影响更大.焊缝熔宽随着热输入的增大而增加,且背面熔宽的增加幅度更快.当热输入一定时,焊缝背面熔宽受激光功率的影响更大.两种状态的接头焊缝区为粗大的β柱状晶,焊缝区的平均显微硬度均高于母材,抗拉强度基本与母材等强,断后伸长率均比母材要低.平行焊缝的抗拉强度低于垂直焊缝,其硬度和断后伸长率则相对较高,两种焊接接头拉伸断裂的位置也有所不同.     

易加工钛合金

日本NKK公司制成了两种新型钛合金,一种是超塑成形SP—700钛合金,另一种是冷成形CF—800钛合金.这两种钛合金都具有良好的加工性能.最常见的钛合金,如钛—铝—钒合金(6%的铝和4%的钒),只能在900℃左右时才能达到超塑性;在超塑成形后,在室温条件下,其强度会下降,同时要求高温的模具材料价格昂贵,使用寿命短.     

激光快速成形TA15钛合金氩弧焊接头组织及力学性能

对激光快速成形TA15钛合金与轧制TA15钛合金薄板进行了氩弧焊接试验,观察分析了焊接接头各区域组织特征,测试了焊接接头各区域的显微硬度以及室温拉伸性能.结果表明,激光快速成形件与轧制薄板氩弧焊焊缝凝固组织是具有粗大片状α+β组织特征外延定向生长的柱状晶.轧制件对焊接热影响敏感性强,热影响区晶粒发生严重长大现象,激光成形件靠近焊缝热影响区晶粒转变为等轴晶,距焊缝较远的热影响区仍保持柱状晶.激光成形件热影响区硬度最高,焊缝区及轧制件热影响区的硬度最低.焊接接头抗拉强度低于母材,塑性与轧制件相当,断裂位置位于轧制件热影响区.     

CO_2激光焊接600MPa DP钢接头组织与性能

采用CO2激光对抗拉强度为600MPa,厚度1.4mm的DP钢进行焊接.研究焊接速度对焊缝外观和截面成形的影响、接头的组织特点、硬度、强度和成形能力.结果表明,激光功率相同,焊接速度较低时焊缝易产生气孔,焊接速度较高时易发生飞溅;焊接速度对焊缝熔深及熔宽也有影响.焊缝区组织主要由马氏体构成,从焊缝、焊接热影响区到母材,组织中马氏体含量下降,接头的最高硬度出现在焊缝或热影响区.在平行于焊缝方向,焊接接头的抗拉强度高于母材,垂直于焊缝方向,接头的抗拉强度与母材相当.由于焊缝出现马氏体组织,接头的塑性和韧性降低,板材的冲压成形能力下降.     

TC4钛合金锥形件叠层超塑成形工艺研究

为了提高锥形件超塑成形效率,提出了叠层超塑成形工艺及高温进出炉成形方案,并采用正反向超塑成形方法以提高壁厚分布均匀性。通过对超塑成形过程自由胀形阶段与贴模成形阶段进行的力学解析,得到了最佳等效应变速率条件下的气压加载曲线。以此为基础,对单层正向成形、单层正反向成形及双层正反向成形进行了920℃超塑成形实验研究。结果表明,正反向成形可显著改善锥形件壁厚均匀性。在双层正反向成形条件下,锥形件最大截面圆度为0.05 mm,最小壁厚为1.01 mm,型面尺寸及壁厚分布均满足使用要求,下层零件的壁厚均匀性较差。叠层超塑成形工艺及900℃装出炉方案可行有效,可使锥形件超塑成形效率提高1倍以上。     

轧制温度与变形量对TB2钛合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、硬度计以及万能拉伸试验机等研究了不同轧制温度及变形量对TB2钛合金显微组织、相结构以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在600℃轧制处理后,TB2钛合金由β相和α相组成。同一轧制温度下,随着变形量的增加,晶粒被明显拉长,基体中的β晶粒部分破碎,并在晶界处出现大量再结晶晶粒。当轧制温度为600℃,变形量为60%时,合金的抗拉强度最大,可达到1360 MPa,伸长率为5.7%;而当轧制温度为600℃,变形量为40%时,合金的抗拉强度最大,可达到1270 MPa,伸长率为10.9%,综合力学性能较好。     

Ti-55钛合金超塑性板材的显微组织与力学性能

将二次真空自耗熔炼的Ti-55钛合金铸锭轧制成1.2mm厚的薄板,研究Ti-55钛合金超塑性板材的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明,显微组织均匀,晶粒极细的Ti-55钛合金超塑性板材,具有良好的室温拉伸性能和超塑性能。超塑性拉伸试验表明,在一定的变形温度范围(880～920℃)与变形速率(1.4×10~(-3)s~(-1))下,Ti-55钛合金板材超塑性伸长率可达到700%以上。     

Nd:YAG激光焊接800 MPa TRIP钢的接头组织与性能

采用Nd:YAG激光对强度为800MPa,厚度为1.2mm的TRIP钢板进行焊接.研究焊接速度对焊缝外观和截面成形的影响及接头的组织特点、硬度、强度和成形能力.激光功率相同,焊接速度较低时焊缝易产生气孔,速度较高时易发生飞溅;焊接速度对焊缝熔深及熔宽也有影响.焊缝组织主要由马氏体构成,从焊缝、热影响区到母材,组织中马氏体含量下降,接头的最高硬度出现在焊缝或热影响区.在平行于焊缝方向,焊接接头的抗拉强度高于母材,垂直于焊缝方向,接头的抗拉强度与母材相当.由于焊缝中出现马氏体,接头的塑性和韧性降低,板材的冲压成形能力下降.     

搅拌头偏移对Ti/Al异种金属搅拌摩擦焊接头成形及拉伸强度的影响

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)完成了3 mm厚TC4钛合金和2A14-T14铝合金的连接,研究了搅拌头偏移对接头的成形及拉伸性能的影响。结果表明在搅拌头向铝合金侧的偏移对接头的最大抗拉强度有显著的影响。接头最大抗拉强度随搅拌头的偏移量的增加逐渐升高。在偏移量为2.0 mm、搅拌头转速从400 r/min增加到700 r/min时,接头的最大抗拉强度逐渐降低。在偏移量为2.5 mm、接头的最大抗拉强度随转速的增加逐渐升高。当在搅拌头转速为700 r/min, 焊接速度为60 mm/min时,所得接头强度最高,约347 MPa,为铝合金母材的83 %。接头的断裂位置和拉伸强度均取决于微观组织和金属间化合物。对于强度最高的接头,由于TiAl相的生成,接头于铝合金侧热影响区发生断裂。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

PHASE DIAGRAM OF TERNARY SYSTEM PrCl_2-CaCl_2-MgCl_2

Three surfaces corresponding to the primary crystallization of PrCl_3,CaCl_2 andMgCl_2 respectively,3 univariant curves related to the secondary crystallization and a ternaryeutectic(44.8 wt-% PrCl_3,31.8 wt-% CaCl_2,546℃)were found in systemPrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 by means of DTA.A reaction occurs in this system:L=PrCl_3+CaCl_2+MgCl_2.     

Hydrophilic property of SiO2-TiO2 overlayer films and TiO2／SiO2 mixing films

The photo-induced hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films prepared by sol-gel method was investigated by means of soak angle measurement, XPS, UV-VIS and FTIR spectra. The results show that, compared with the TiO2 film without SiO2 overlayer, when the TiO2 film is thoroughly covered by SiO2 overlayer, the hydrophilicity and the sustained effect are enhanced. It is found that the significant growth of the OH- group occurs in the surface of SiO2 overlayer. The different mechanism of enhanced hydrophilicity between SiO2 overlayer on TiO2 films and TiO2/SiO2 mixing films was analyzed. The result suggests that the photo-generated electrons created in the interface between TiO2 and SiO2 tend to reduce the Ti(Ⅳ) cation to the Ti( Ⅲ ) state, and the photogenerated holes transmit through the SiO2 layer to uppermost surface efficiently. Once the holes go up to the surface， they tend to make the surface hydrophilic. The stable hydrophilicity of SiO2 overlayer which adsorbs more stable OH groups, enhances the sustained effect, i.e. the super-hydrophilic state can be maintained for a long time in dark place.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.