U-10Zr/Zr-4合金界面的微观结构及生长动力学研究（英文）

为研究U-Zr合金与Zr-4合金之间的相容性和扩散行为,采用真空热压扩散法制备U-10wt%Zr/Zr-4扩散偶,随后在高真空中580~1100℃高温热处理样品。采用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析检测扩散偶的界面微观结构和元素分布。系统研究了两种合金之间的相容性。δ-UZr_2层和厚约20nm的富铀层形成于热压扩散法制备的样品界面。测量了合金界面扩散系数常数和扩散激活能,分别为(4.23±0.63)×10~(-6)m~2/s和(160.73±1.67) kJ/mol。结果表明U-10wt%Zr/Zr-4扩散偶的扩散系数大于U-Zr合金的,特别是在低温段。     

ZrCr梯度界面层对Zr/Al2O3涂层体系抗热震性能影响及机理研究

采用中频磁控溅射和超音速等离子喷涂依次在锆合金(Zr-4)基体表面制备了Zr(84.61 at.%)Cr/Zr(17.39 at.%)Cr/Al₂O₃(ZrCr梯度界面层)和Al₂O₃ (无ZrCr梯度界面层)涂层。利用XRD、SEM和HRTEM等重点分析了ZrCr梯度界面层对Zr-4/Al₂O₃涂层界面微观结构、结合强度和抗热震性能的影响。研究结果表明：通过增设ZrCr梯度界面层,能显著提升Zr-4/ZrCr/Al₂O₃体系结合强度至50.3±2.52 MPa,较Zr-4/Al₂O₃体系结合强度值提升约46%;循环热震条件下,Zr-4/ZrCr/Al₂O₃体系膜基界面完整,与ZrCr梯度界面层能显著提升界面结合强度且喷涂及热震实验过程中ZrCr梯度界面层Cr原子优先形成较致密的Cr₂O₃能进一步有效抑制氧扩散至Zr-4有关;Zr-4/Al₂O₃膜基界面则出现明显开裂甚至剥离行为,其主因是Zr-4/Al₂O₃两者界面热应力集中而导致Zr-4/Al₂O₃界面开裂;HRTEM和EDS线扫描结果证实在Zr-4/Al₂O₃界面开裂处形成的疏松ZrO₂氧化物是后续热震循环中进一步加剧涂层大面积剥落失效的根本原因。     

Mg-Y体系金属间化合物扩散生长行为的计算模拟

Mg-Y基稀土合金体系中,金属间化合物在基体中的析出和生长动力学与合金性能密切相关,研究金属间化合物的扩散生长行为具有重要意义。本工作针对已有ε-Mg₂₄Y₅和δ-Mg₂Y金属间化合物形成和生长的扩散偶实验数据,采用数值反演方法计算得到了Mg-Y基稀土合金体系中,固溶体相和金属间化合物相的互扩散系数随成分和温度的变化关系。结果表明,ε-Mg₂₄Y₅的扩散系数约为δ-Mg₂Y的扩散系数的4倍。同时,采用计算的扩散系数可以定量模拟出实验所测量的元素扩散分布、扩散通量以及金属间化合物层的生长厚度随时间和温度的变化关系。     

Li4SiO4 氚增殖陶瓷的制备及其与14Cr-ODS钢的腐蚀界面行为

Li₄SiO₄小球与ODS钢的化学相容性对聚变反应器的安全运行具有重要意义。研究了在500、600、700 ℃的氩气环境中保温300 h后ODS钢与小球接触界面组织和成分的变化。结果表明,在600~700 ℃时,Li₄SiO₄小球与ODS钢的界面发生了严重的元素互扩散和反应。在Li₄SiO₄小球表面,由于ODS钢中Fe和Cr的扩散,出现了一层薄薄的反应层,这也导致了密度的增加,破碎负荷从51 N （500 ℃）下降到32 N（700 ℃）。XRD图谱显示,ODS钢表面出现了LiCrO₂和LiFeO₂新相,说明Li₄SiO₄小球中的Li和O原子可以扩散到ODS中,与Fe、Cr元素在高温下发生反应形成腐蚀层。在700 ℃时,腐蚀层可分为2个氧化层。最外层是LiFeO₂和LiCrO₂的混合物,下一层主要是LiFeO₂。在ODS钢的表面,700 ℃/300 h条件下氧扩散系数为2.2×10^-14 cm²/s,这说明ODS钢作为一种包层结构材料,在未来的包层设计中需要一层耐腐蚀涂层。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中一种新型Al3Zr-η′核壳颗粒的透射电子显微镜观察

利用高分辨透射电子显微镜和电子衍射观察了Al-12Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.5Ni-0.2Zr合金中的Al₃Zr-η′核壳颗粒。结果发现：Al₃Zr颗粒在合金基体中以两种形态存在,一种是与基体共格的单独存在的Al₃Zr颗粒；另外一种是作为η′析出相形核位置的核心Al₃Zr颗粒,形成了一种与基体半共格的Al₃Zr-η′核壳颗粒。该核壳颗粒的壳层由四种η′析出相变体组成。核心Al₃Zr颗粒内部的晶格变形低于单独存在的Al₃Zr颗粒,η′析出相和基体界面处存在显著的晶格应变。     

Zr-Sn-Nb合金1000~1250℃蒸汽氧化行为

核反应堆包壳管在失水事故中会因剧烈的高温蒸汽氧化而破裂,从而引起核燃料泄露的严重后果。为此,本文研究了Zr-Sn-Nb核包壳合金1000~1250℃蒸汽氧化行为。采用增重法计算了蒸汽氧化试样单位面积的质量变化,通过扫描电子显微镜观察了蒸汽氧化试样截面形貌并测量了氧稳定α相层(α-Zr(O))和氧化锆层(ZrO₂)厚度,得到Zr-Sn-Nb合金氧化增重和α-Zr(O)、ZrO₂层生长动力学曲线。结果表明：1000℃蒸汽氧化时,α-Zr(O) 层生长动力学曲线始终服从抛物线规律;氧化1500s后,氧化增重和ZrO₂层生长动力学曲线由抛物线转变为直线规律,ZrO₂层内产生大量裂纹。1100~1250℃蒸汽氧化时,氧化增重和α-Zr(O)、ZrO₂层生长动力学曲线均服从抛物线规律, ZrO₂层结构始终保持完整。Zr-Sn-Nb合金的抗氧化性能优于Zr-4合金,其ZrO₂层和α-Zr(O)层生长速度慢于Zr-4合金。     

Zr-4合金与模具钢的界面换热行为研究

界面换热系数是锆合金塑性成形模拟的重要边界条件之一。本文测定了界面有、无玻璃润滑剂条件下Zr-4合金和H13模具钢的界面接触温度随接触时间的变化曲线,在此基础上分析了界面换热特征,获得了界面换热系数随初始界面温度变化的函数式。结果表明,玻璃润滑剂可有效减缓Zr-4合金与H13钢的界面传热,当Zr-4合金和H13钢的初始界面温度分别为700℃和470℃时,有玻璃润滑剂时Zr合金表面温度达到稳定的时间约为16.3s,该时间段内相应的界面换热系数随实验时间的延长由226 W/( m₂?℃)增大到2166 W/( m₂?℃),无润滑剂时Zr合金表面温度达到稳定的时间约为7.7s,该时间段内界面换热系数由250 W/( m₂?℃)增大到2700 W/( m₂?℃)。采用本文确定的换热系数随温度变化的关系式进行热交换模拟可以获得较高的模拟精度,模拟与实验结果的最大误差约为4.5%。     

Zr-1.0Fe-0.2Cu合金在400 ℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中的腐蚀行为

以高纯锆为母材制备Zr-1.0Fe-0.2Cu合金,并在400 ℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中进行腐蚀实验。用SEM和TEM对合金基体及其腐蚀后生成氧化膜的显微组织进行研究。结果表明：Zr-1.0Fe-0.2Cu合金中只存在底心正交的Zr₃Fe第二相,Cu元素易偏聚在Zr₃Fe相内,使其不易以Zr₂Cu相的形式析出,Cu元素的添加能够细化合金中Zr₃Fe第二相。Zr-1.0Fe-0.2Cu合金在 400 ℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中腐蚀100 d后,耐腐蚀性能优于Zr-1.0Fe以及Zr-4重熔合金,表明添加少量的Cu元素有利于改善合金的耐腐蚀性能。在腐蚀氧化过程中,含Cu的Zr₃Fe相会滞后于合金基体α-Zr相氧化而进入氧化膜。随着氧化进程的加深,第二相中的Zr元素氧化后会以t-ZrO₂的形式存在,Fe元素则氧化成m-Fe₃O₄。伴随着第二相的氧化进程,合金元素Cu和Fe会在氧化膜中扩散流失,不再呈现聚集状态。     

电场对浮法玻璃与可伐合金4J29钎焊接头组织与性能的影响

本文采用ALTSAB技术,选用SnAg3.5Ti2钎料,实现了可伐合金4J29与浮法玻璃的有效连接。研究了电压、温度对界面微观结构和剪切强度的影响,并探究了连接形成的机制。研究结果表明：随着电压和温度的升高,玻璃与钎料界面平直无显著变化,界面形成新的化学键≡Si-O-Ti和≡Si-O-Sn,发生氧化反应生成TiO、SnO; 钎料与合金侧有反应溶解现象,可伐合金侧生成了FeSn₂相,钎料中分布着一些细长棒状和针状的Ni₃Sn₄相,分析认为：钠离子耗尽层的产生以及Ti^₂₊、Sn^₂₊向玻璃基体中的扩散是形成有效连接的关键。接头剪切强度随电压和温度的升高而增大,当电压为1000V、温度400℃时,最大剪切强度为12.5Mpa。     

Cr涂层对Zr-1Nb合金包壳微动磨损行为的影响

反应堆冷却剂流体振动导致的微动磨损已成为压水堆燃料包壳失效的重要原因。Cr涂层锆合金因抗高温蒸汽氧化能力强、耐腐蚀性能优异,成为最具发展前景的事故容错燃料包壳候选材料之一。然而,目前仍缺乏Cr涂层锆合金包壳微动磨损行为及机理的相关研究。本文采用三维白光干涉仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等表征技术对比研究Cr涂层Zr-1Nb合金包壳和Zr-1Nb合金包壳与格架在模拟压水堆一回路水环境下的微动磨损行为及损伤机制。结果表明,Cr涂层显著提高Zr-1Nb合金包壳的抗微动磨损性能。此外,对磨副为刚凸时,Zr-1Nb合金包壳微动磨损机制以磨粒磨损和剥层磨损为主,而Cr涂层Zr-1Nb合金包壳由于表面硬度较高,且表面形成具有保护作用的三体层,其损伤机制以黏着磨损和材料单向转移为主。对磨副为弹簧时,Zr-1Nb合金包壳微动磨损机制主要为剥层和黏着磨损,Cr涂层Zr-1Nb合金包壳主要为磨粒磨损。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.