气体雾化高硅铝合金粉末形貌特征及尺寸分布

利用超音速气体雾化法制备了一种高硅铝合金粉末，通过扫描电镜和机械振动方法对这种合金粉末的表面形貌和尺寸分布特征进行了系统研究，结果表明：利用超音速气体雾化法制备的粉末其尺寸分布相对比较均匀，主要集中在40～110μm之间，而其形貌特征与尺寸大小有关，随着尺寸的减小，其形貌越来越规整。     

快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末显微组织及时效特性

利用超音速气体雾化法制备快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末,并对合金粉末组成、显微组织特征、显微硬度及时效处理对它们的影响进行系统研究。结果表明利用超音速气体雾化法所制备的高硅铝合金粉末组织主要由基体上弥散分布的细小颗粒相Si和针状相Al9FeSi3组成。在X－射线衍射曲线上基体相及Si相衍射峰有一定程度宽化;合金粉末经时效处理后组织及相组成基本不发生变化,但基体及Si相衍射峰宽化程度有所减弱,时效初期合金粉末显微硬度有一定的程度降低,随后延长时效时间则保持不变。     

高铝锌基合金粉末的制备及其组织与性能

研究了高铝锌基合金粉末的制备工艺及其组织与性能，采用了水雾化法和离心雾化法两种工艺制备合金粉末，并比较了两种粉末的粒度组成，松装密度，流动性及显微硬度，离心雾化粉为近似的球形，水雾化粉为不规则的多角形，两种粉末的金组织均匀为很细小的树枝晶，与同类铸造合金的金相组织相比，它们的枝晶臂间距大大减小。     

Sn-Ag-Cu无铅钎料粉末与合金的组织及钎焊性能对比

利用自行设计的超音速雾化制粉装置制备了Sn-3Ag-2.8Cu 无铅焊锡粉末,并将不同介质雾化的粉末组织和普通合金组织进行对比,同时选择一种综合性能良好的粉末,将其钎焊性能和普通合金进行对比.结果表明,氮气雾化粉末比空气雾化粉末具有更高的凝固速度;雾化粉末组织更细小,主要由基体上弥散分布的多边形Cu6Sn5 IMC 和粒状Ag3Sn IMC组成;粉末比普通合金与铜基板形成的IMC更不规则,且扩散层与基板的界面更模糊;雾化粉末的蠕变断裂寿命显著高于普通合金.因此,Sn-3Ag-2.8Cu无铅焊锡粉末性能优于普通合金.     

超音速电弧熔化气雾化CuAg10粉末的特性

利用超音速电弧熔化气雾化法制备了CuAg10合金粉末,对合金粉末的组织结构、粒度分布特征、X射线衍射特性、晶格常数及形貌特征等进行了系统研究.结果表明:粉末组织为二次枝晶臂间距很小的枝晶,雾化时的冷却速度达105K/s;合金粉末粒度均匀细小,形状多为球形、类球状, 平均尺寸为44μm;在雾化过程中形成了过饱和(Cu)和(Ag).     

超音速电弧喷射雾化银合金粉体的亚稳固溶扩展

采用超音速电弧喷射雾化(UAS)制备Ag-10Cu、Ag-28Cu、Cu-10Ag、Ag-10Ni和Ag-5Fe快速凝固合金粉末,用XRD对银合金粉末的亚稳固溶扩展进行研究.结果表明:Ag-10Cu、Ag-28Cu和Cu-10Ag合金粉末的平均亚稳固溶度分别为7.09%、20.11%和3.06%(摩尔分数);当粉末粒度不大于50 (m时,Ag-28Cu共晶合金粉末形成完全亚稳固溶体,而Ag-10Cu和Cu-10Ag未形成完全固溶体;Ag-10Ni和Ag-5Fe粉末(65～15 (m)的亚稳固溶度分别为0.72%～1.30%Ni和0.29%～0.57%Fe,亚稳固溶度随粉末粒度减小而增加.合金生成热和冷却速率分别是判断亚稳固溶扩展能力的热力学参数和动力学参数,合金生成热越小、冷却速率越高, 亚稳固溶度就越大.超音速电弧喷射雾化有利于降低合金生成热和获得很高的冷却速率,因此,银合金粉末获得大的亚稳固溶扩展.     

双级雾化快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末形貌及组织特征

采用双级雾化装置制备了四种铝合金粉末，分析了粉末的粒度组成，颗粒形貌和微观组织，计算了粉末的冷却速度，双级雾化粉末的平均粒度比单级气体雾化粉末细两倍，平均冷却速度高一个数量级；Ａｌ－Ｓｉ二元合金中，细小颗粒的微观组织主要由不同Ｓｉ含量的块状过饱和固溶体组成。     

添加微量元素的稀土－铁－硼永磁合金

添加微量元素的稀土－铁－硼永磁合金乌克兰国立扎波罗什大学研究了含氧量为０．０４７ｗｔ％的气体雾化Ｆｅ—１６ａｔ％Ｎｄ—ｓａｔ％Ｂ粉末，添加Ｄｙ、Ｔｂ、Ｍ。、Ｃ。、ｙ和／或ＡＩ的效果。获得了令人满意的磁性能。该大学还研究了气体雾化Ｆｅ－Ｎｄ－Ｂ合金粉末...     

超音速气雾化Ag5Fe粉末的微观分析

利用超音速气雾化的方法制备了液态微溶、固态不互溶的Ag5Fe粉末。利用电弧在放电时的高温使Fe熔解于Ag中，在随后的快速凝固过程中形成含有亚稳合金相的Ag5Fe粉末。扫描电镜观察显示：Ag5Fe粉末的粒度较均匀、细小，呈正态分布，大部分集中在25-55μm；取典型颗粒放大处理后发现：颗粒的富Ag基体中高度弥散分布着粒度在纳米级的Fe相，在富Fe基体中亦有粒度为纳米级的弥散分布的Ag相。计算结果表明：经超音速气雾化之后Ag-Fe合金颗粒有固溶，且粉末颗粒越细小固溶扩展越大。Fe在富银区域中的固溶度亚稳扩展至0-3at％～0．6at％；且在忽略少数粒度较大的粉末颗粒条件下，粉末颗粒越细，亚稳固溶度越大。     

超音速电弧喷射雾化银合金熔滴的传热与冷却

对超音速电弧喷射雾化Ag-Cu共晶型和Ag-Ni、Ag-Fe偏晶型合金雾化熔滴的传热与冷却进行了分析.考虑到熔滴冷却过程中, 表面热传导存在上限, 内部存在一定热阻, 熔滴冷却应为近似牛顿冷却方式, 在前人工作基础上, 对牛顿冷却方式的换热系数和冷却速率的表达公式进行了经验修正, 并用其它冷却速率测量方法进行了验证;计算了Ag合金雾化熔滴的换热系数和冷却速率, 结果显示, 超音速电弧喷射雾化快速凝固Ag合金粉末的冷却速率达到105～7K/s, 表明超音速电弧喷射雾化工艺的冷却速率比常规气雾化法高得多, 是制备高性能快速凝固合金粉末的新方法.     

气雾化制备非平衡态铝合金粉末冷却速度的计算(英文)

依据对流换热原理,对超音速气体雾化非平衡态铝合金粉末的冷却速度进行了理论计算.获得了一个较简单的理论计算公式,其表达式为|dTd/dt|=12/p·Cp·(Td-Tf)·kg/d2.根据理论公式,氩气和氦气雾化制备铝合金粉的冷却速度分别为104～107和105～108K、s,其结果与前期科研者的计算结果相符,且计算公式更简化.对于氩气雾化制各Al-NiCe-Fe-Cu合金而言,获得非晶态粉末其临界冷却速度为3.74×109K/S.通过测定合金晶态粉末的二次枝晶臂间距,并利用冷却速度和枝晶臂间距之间的经验关系,验算了合金粉末的冷却速度.其结果与理论计算相吻合.     

基于Laval喷嘴的层流气雾化法工艺参数探索及粉末性能研究

基于Laval喷嘴的层流气雾化技术可以高效制备高性能金属粉末,但目前对这种技术的各项工艺参数及粉末性能尚未有系统性研究。本工作使用基于Laval喷嘴的层流气雾化制粉设备制备了AlSi10Mg合金粉末,同时使用传统分析方法和X射线计算机断层扫描技术分别研究了雾化气体压力以及导流管内径对粉末整体形貌、三维形貌、球形度、粒度分布、物理性能及内部缺陷的影响,并结合数值模拟进行机理性解释。结果表明,基于Laval喷嘴的层流气雾化技术制备的AlSi10Mg粉末性能较好,由于在较高的雾化气体压力和较窄的导流管内径条件下气液流量比更高,金属熔体更易发生破碎,故制备的粉末球形度更好,粒度分布较窄,细粉收得率可接近50%,不规则粉末及空心粉较少。     

Solid atomization technology and process of molten metal and alloy

A novel solid atomization technology,which using high velocity gas jet-stream rich in solid salt particles as atomization medium,was developed.The results show that using this novel atomization process can produce various metal and alloy powders with finer paricle size,finer microstructures and higher cooling rate than those powders produced by the conventional gas atomization technology.     

PRODUCTION METHODS AND APPLICATIONS FOR HIGH-QUALITY METAL POWDERS AND SPRAYFORMED PRODUCTS

Metal powders of superlative quality, i.e. high cleanliness, rapidly solidified and spherical shape, have seen an increasing demand in the market. The leading technology for the production of such powders is the inert gas atomization of metal alloy melts. To fulfill these requirements, the metal alloy is usually produced in a vacuum induction melting furnace (VIGA = vacuum induction melting/gas atomization) and poured by means of a preheated tundish system into a gas nozzle where the metal stream is disintegrated by a high kinetic energy inert gas jet. The produced micro-droplets solidify in a free fall inside the atomization tower. For special applications, super-clean and ceramic-free metal powders can be produced by using the EIGA (electrode induction melting/gas atomization) melting- and atomizing system.As an alternative to the metal powder route, the sprayforming technology allows to produce semi-finished products in one step. In this case, the metal droplets produced by the highenergy inert gas nozzle system are directly solidified on a substrate, allowing to form billets,rolls and tubes.     

气雾化制备Pd-Ag-Cu粉末钎料的研究

研究了惰性气体雾化法制备Pd-Ag-Cu合金粉末。在喷嘴结构不变的情况下，改变过热度、雾化压力、导流管的内径，导流管伸出长度都会影响到Pd-Ag-Cu合金粉末的粒度与粉末收得率。通过调整各项工艺发参数研究发现，提高过热度和雾化压力，减小导流管内径有利于降低粉末粒度，导流管随着伸出长度的增加，粉末粒度先降低后增加。各项参数都有临界值，不能无限制增大或减小，综合调整才能达到最佳制粉效果。     

Al及Al合金粉末颗粒表面氧化膜厚度对爆炸烧结体质量的影响

借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析研究了水雾化、氮气雾化Al粉和超声氩气雾化Al-Li合金扮爆炸烧结体的显微结构.结果表明:只有Al及Al合金粉的表面氧化膜厚度小于30nm时,才可以得到性质优异的爆炸烧结体。     

EFFECT OF OXIDE LAYER THICKNESS OVER Al AND Al ALLOY POWDERS ON QUALITY OF THEIR EXPLOSIVE COMPACTS

Observations of microstructure of explosive compacts made of Al or Al-Li alloy powdersby atomization with water,nitrogen or ultrasoic Ar gas were carried out under optical andscanning electron microscopes.The rsults indicate that super quality explosive compactcan only be obtained by powders of which the thickness of the oxide layer is less than30 nm.     

Melt film formation and disintegration during novel atomization process

Hybrid atomization is a new powder-making method and can produce economically very fine, clean, spherical tin alloy powders with average particle size about 10μm and narrow size distributions. The key concept of hybrid atomization is to control the liquid film formation on disk for fine powder production. Low-pressure gas atomization was utilized to promote the formation of a very thin stable liquid film before centrifugal breakup and give a better preparation for the final disintegration of melts. Besides the breakup ability of the rotating atomizer, the characteristics of liquid film on rotating disk affect the atomization mechanism and results remarkably. The main disintegration mode of melt is the breakup type of liquid film, which depends on the film instability and the atomization ability of the rotating disk. On the other hand, the mean powder size relates closely to the film thickness. The powder size distribution is mainly controlled by the atomization mode and the stability, flow type of liquid film on the rotating disk. A very thin, stable liquid film with long ligaments and a small pitch in LF mode results in very fine uniform tin alloy powders.     

快速凝固雾化工艺对铝合金粉末形貌和粒度分布的影响

利用气体雾化法制备铝合金粉末,通过扫描电镜和机械筛分法对金属粉末的表面形貌和粒度分布特点进行了系统地考察.探索出一种较佳的雾化工艺.结果表明,利用气体雾化法制备的粉末,其尺寸及形状不是很均匀,粉体粒度分布呈正态分布.并对各参数影响规律作了比较讨论.     

Sn60Pb40 solder powders produced by the planar flow casting atomization process

Conventional planar flow casting (PFC) is one of rapid solidification processes for the fabrication of microcrystalline or amorphous ribbons. Based on the conventional PFC process, the planar flow casting atomization (PFCA) process has been developed, which is a new rapid solidification process for the production of metal powder directly from alloy melts. A prototype experimental apparatus was designed and manufactured.With the apparatus, Sn60Pb40 alloy solder powders were prepared, and the effects of the main technological parameters on the powder size distribution and morphology were experimentally studied. The experimental investigations indicate that the metal powders produced by the PFCA process can be classified by velocity; and fine spherical tin-lead alloy solder powders can be fabricated by adjusting the technical parameters. The new PFCA process has such features as high productivity and efficiency, low energy consumption, simple operation,short technological process, and large gross yield.