二维超声磨削复相陶瓷加工表面质量的试验研究

本文通过对二维超声磨削纳米复相陶瓷和普通磨削进行对比试验研究,分析了磨削深度、工件速度、砂轮粒度对工件表面质量的影响.研究结果表明,采用二维超声振动磨削能大大提高工件的表面质量;表面粗糙度随着切深的增大而增大,随着切削深度的进一步增加,超声振动在磨削加工中所起的作用减弱;二维超声振动磨削大大扩大了复相陶瓷磨削的塑性加工区域,二维超声振动磨削过程的塑性域是切削深度小于5μm,而普通磨削塑性域是磨削深度小于2μm;二维超声振动磨削时,表面粗糙度随着砂轮粒度的减小而明显减小,且比较稳定,故二维超声振动磨削有利于使用细粒度砂轮;工件速度对二维超声振动磨削表面粗糙度影响很大,其值随着工件速度的增加而增大.     

超声振动磨削纳米氧化锆陶瓷材料的磨削力及表面残余应力的研究

纳米陶瓷由于其相对于工程陶瓷优越的力学性能及物理特性,在各行业都有广泛的应用前景。采用超声复式加工方法,针对不同的磨削参数对纳米ZrO2陶瓷进行了普通和超声磨削实验,研究了磨削参数对磨削力的影响,并通过X射线衍射分析了在普通和超声磨削状态下对工件表面残余应力及纳米ZrO2陶瓷各晶相的影响。研究结果表明:利用超声振动磨削能有效减少磨削力,不同的磨削方式对纳米ZrO2陶瓷表面残余应力影响较大,采用普通磨削工件表面残余应力为拉应力,当超声振动方向平行于砂轮速度方向时,工件表面残余应力为压应力,振动方向垂直于砂轮速度方向时工件表面残余应力绝对值较小。     

二维超声振动磨削纳米复相陶瓷的表面粗糙度研究

本文对纳米复相陶瓷材料进行了不同参数下的普通磨削和二维超声振动磨削的对比试验，研究了超声振动磨削对工件表面质量的影响，分析了不同的加工工艺参数及振动参数对加工工件表面粗糙度的影响，实验结果表明，在同样的切深条件下，超声振动磨削表面的沟槽浅而宽，可以得到比普通磨削加工粗糙度较小的加工表面，且在超声振动中砂轮作高频振动，砂轮不易堵塞，利于使用细粒度砂轮磨削；工件速度对二维超声振动磨削表面粗糙度影响很大，其值随着工件速度的增加而增大。二维超声振动磨削可以提高陶瓷材料的表面质量，并能有效地避免普通磨削下微裂纹的产生，因此它是磨削陶瓷的一种精密加工方法。     

超声磨削氧化锆陶瓷表面相变与残余应力特征实验研究

针对氧化锆陶瓷的易相变特点,通过对ZTA陶瓷和纳米氧化锆陶瓷进行对比实验,研究了氧化锆陶瓷磨削表面相变特性,分析了磨削表面的残余应力特征.实验结果表明,亚稳态四方相氧化锆的含量以及磨削应力是诱发氧化锆陶瓷产生马氏体相变的主要因素;陶瓷磨削过程中,砂轮的磨削深度越大、磨粒粒径越大,在材料基体中产生的磨削应力越大,从而马氏体相变率增大;纳米氧化锆陶瓷磨削表面产生的残余压应力值大于ZrO2增韧Al2O3(ZTA)陶瓷.通过分析磨削参数对残余应力的影响,验证了马氏体相变可在一定程度上促进残余压应力的产生,从而提高磨削表面的质量.     

超声辅助磨削SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料

针对碳化硅纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料(SiC_f/SiC)存在加工质量差、刀具磨损严重等问题,开展金刚石砂轮端面超声辅助磨削SiC_f/SiC复合材料试验,对比研究超声辅助磨削和普通磨削SiC_f/SiC过程中的磨削力、表面形貌及表面粗糙度,并分析其材料去除机理。结果表明:超声辅助磨削可有效降低磨削力;超声作用能促使SiC纤维断裂,形成较短纤维而被去除,减少了纤维的折断和剥落,提高了其表面加工质量;在纵向振动端面磨削条件下,超声振幅在一定范围内有助于改善其表面加工质量,振幅过大则会导致表面冲击作用过强而使其表面质量降低。      

二维超声磨削纳米复相陶瓷的磨削特性研究(1)

本文通过对二维超声磨削纳米复相陶瓷的磨削特性进行理论分析及试验研究，尤其是磨削力的特性及其影响因素，从而探索磨削加工表面质量的影响因素并提出改善磨削效果的措施。研究结果表明，磨削力随着切深的增大而增大，随着磨削深度的进一步增加，超声振动在磨削加工中所起的作用减弱；二维超声振动磨削大大扩大了复相陶瓷磨削的塑性加工区域，二维超声振动磨削过程的塑性域是磨削深度小于5μm，而普通磨削塑性域是在磨削深度小于2μm；适当增大磨削速度，既可以增强磨削砂轮的自锐能力，获得较高的去除率，又可以增加塑性变形，改善工件的表面质量；砂轮线速度的变化对二维超声振动磨削过程中的磨削力影响比对普通磨削过程中的磨削力的影响小，故二维超声振动磨削可以选用较大的砂轮线速度；工件速度对二维超声振动磨削表面粗糙度影响很大，其值随着工件速度的增加而增大。     

Nd-Fe-B烧结永磁材料超声辅助磨削试验研究

对Nd-Fe-B烧结永磁材料普通磨削和径向超声振动辅助磨削的工艺进行了对比试验,系统分析了在两种工艺条件下磨削用量对法向磨削力的影响;深入研究了超声振动和磨粒切削的复合过程,指出超声振动形成的断续磨削机制是降低法向磨削力的主要原因.径向超声振动的辅加改善了磨削加工效果,在一定程度上避免了脆崩现象,保证了Nd-Fe-B烧结永磁材料加工表面的完整性.     

超声振动辅助ELID磨削淬硬12Cr2Ni4A合金钢表面特性的研究

目的 提高淬硬12Cr2Ni4A钢的加工质量,消除工件表面残余应力.方法 采用普通磨削(OG)、超声振动辅助磨削(UVAG)以及超声振动辅助ELID磨削(UVAEG)3种磨削方式,分别对淬硬12Cr2Ni4A合金钢进行加工,分析3种加工方式下被加工工件的表面粗糙度以及残余应力.结果 在超声振动辅助磨削、超声振动辅助ELID磨削下,工件表面粗糙度都低于普通加工,而超声振动辅助ELID磨削后的工件表面质量最高,相对普通磨削加工,超声振动辅助ELID磨削后的表面粗糙度降低了66％,相对于超声振动辅助磨削,超声振动辅助ELID磨削后,表面粗糙度降低了约41％.对工件表面进行残余应力测定发现,普通磨削加工后工件表面为残余拉应力,而超声振动辅助磨削、超声振动辅助ELID磨削后的工件表面都产生了残余压应力,超声振动辅助ELID磨削后,工件表面的残余压应力高于超声振动辅助磨削约30％.普通磨削加工中,随磨削深度的增加,残余拉应力一直变大,而超声振动辅助磨削和超声振动辅助ELID磨削的残余压应力总体呈现减小的趋势.在磨削深度达到22.5μm后,超声振动辅助磨削加工表面的残余压应力转变为残余拉应力.在超声振动辅助磨削和超声振动辅助ELID磨削后,随超声振幅的增大,表面残余压应力增大,超声振动辅助ELID磨削表面的残余压应力随占空比的增大而增大.结论 超声振动辅助ELID磨削加工后,能得到更小的表面粗糙度及更大的表面残余压应力.     

二维超声磨削微纳米复相陶瓷表面变质层特性研究

利用二维超声振动磨削,对微纳米复相陶瓷磨削表面变质层的结构、晶粒度和晶格畸变等进行研究.在一定的磨削条件下,微纳米复相陶瓷二维超声振动磨削表层是以晶粒碎化的材料粉末化以及少量的材料压碎和晶粒脱落等方式为主的塑性变质层,亚表层是以晶格畸变、晶界滑移为主的塑性变形层,材料脆性碎裂去除方式极少,以塑性变形去除机理为主.为此提出了微纳米复相陶瓷二维超声振动磨削表面变质层结构模型.通过TEM,SEM观察发现:纳米材料微观变形机理为内晶型结构增强相的晶粒内位错,基体晶粒的晶界滑移、晶间第二相的变形为其变形协调机制.由于纳米粒子分散在晶界间,阻碍了裂纹的扩展,使得材料表现为穿晶断裂行为,从而获得良好的加工表面.     

蠕动进给超声磨削Al2O3陶瓷实验研究

对Al2O3陶瓷进行蠕动进给机械磨削和蠕动进给超声磨削对比试验,考察了磨削参数对表面粗糙度和实际切深的影响;通过扫描电镜对工件表面形貌进行了分析;实验结果表明:超声振动显著增加了实际切深,同时表面粗糙度值略微增大,但不会引起大的亚表面损伤;材料去除仍以脆性断裂为主,同时伴随塑性流动现象.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.