扫描式阴极电化学光整加工对车削外圆面边缘毛刺的去除

目的 通过电化学光整加工,在改善车削零件表面粗糙度的同时,有效去除工件边缘两侧方向的微小毛刺,提高零件表面的完整性.方法 在扫描式阴极电化学光整加工能实现表面良好光整加工效果的参数范围内,通过改变阴极局部形状,改变毛刺部位的电场分布,进而改变其材料去除速度,实现毛刺去除.对不同形状阴极条件下,毛刺表面的电流密度分布及毛刺顶端和底部的电流密度差值进行仿真分析,得到使毛刺高度值下降较快的阴极形状.对工件进行扫描式阴极电化学光整加工,获得表面粗糙度Ra与毛刺高度值的变化规律.结果 使用凸圆角阴极时,毛刺顶端和底部的电流密度差值较大,去除效率较高.Ra值在加工时间为16～18 min时出现拐点,加工20 min时,Ra值由2.76μm降低至0.32μm;毛刺高度值在加工时间为10～14 min时出现拐点,加工20 min时,从17.10μm降低至2.64μm,与表面粗糙度Rz值为同一量级.结论 通过改变阴极形状,在电化学光整加工过程中能有效降低车削工件边缘两侧方向的微小毛刺,实现零件使用性能的提高,具有实际应用中的可行性.     

三乙醇胺对铝合金试件滚磨光整加工作用的影响分析

目的 探索三乙醇胺（TEA）在铝合金试件滚磨光整加工中的作用机理。方法 在相同条件下,利用不同浓度三乙醇胺溶液,对铝合金表面进行滚磨光整加工实验。采用粗糙度测量仪测试试件加工前后的表面粗糙度值的变化。采用电子天平测试试件加工前后的质量变化,通过计算得出试件的材料去除率。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）分析试件表面的晶格畸变。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析试件的表面形貌。采用能谱仪（EDS）分析试件表面元素的变化情况。结果 在加工初期,未添加三乙醇胺时,表面粗糙度值的变化率和材料去除率最小,Ra从1.245 μm减小到0.934 μm,MRR为0.223 mm3/min;添加体积分数为9%的三乙醇胺时,表面粗糙度值的变化率最大,Ra从1.184 μm减小到0.558 μm;添加体积分数为5%的三乙醇胺时,材料去除率最大,MRR为0.445 mm3/min。晶格畸变量的最大值为0.0045,最小值为0.0008。加工后试件表面富集Si元素。结论 在加工初期,三乙醇胺提高了铝合金试件的滚磨光整加工效率。在液体介质和磨块对试件的耦合作用下,固体表面活性提高,试件表面产生晶格畸变,引起机械力化学效应。Si颗粒保护了Al基,使得在加工后期的微量磨削作用减弱,材料的去除率和表面粗糙度保持相对恒定状态。     

液体磁性磨具光整加工氧化锆陶瓷试验研究

为解决氧化锆陶瓷难加工、加工效率低、表面质量差的问题,采用液体磁性磨具光整加工技术对氧化锆陶瓷进行加工。通过配置不同磨料的液体磁性磨具对氧化锆零件进行光整加工,研究磨料种类对加工效果的影响。通过设计单因素试验,研究加工时间、工件转速、磁感应强度和轴向运动速度等主要工艺参数对氧化锆陶瓷表面粗糙度Ra和材料去除率MRR的影响规律。结果表明:在加工过程中使用高硬度的金刚石磨料可以获得比其他磨料更高的材料去除率,加工后能获得更好的表面质量。表面粗糙度Ra随时间的增加而降低,加工60 min以后Ra不再继续下降。Ra随工件转速、轴向运动速度的增大而减小,随磁感应强度的增大Ra先减小后增大;MRR随工件转速、磁感应强度的增大先增大后减小,随轴向运动速度的增大而增大。采用液体磁性磨具光整加工技术可以在提高氧化锆陶瓷材料去除率的同时有效降低其表面粗糙度。     

非磁性外圆表面磁性磨粒光整加工实验研究

目的对比不同类型磁性磨粒的光整加工效果,找出加工效果较优的磁性磨粒以提高非磁性外圆表面的光整加工质量。方法以6061铝合金管为研究对象,在相同条件下采用不同类型的磁性磨粒进行光整加工实验。采用粗糙度测量仪测试试件加工前后粗糙度值的变化。使用电子天平测试试件加工前后的质量变化,得出不同类型磁性磨粒加工的材料去除率(MRR)。运用超景深显微镜观测试件加工前后的形貌变化,进一步对比不同类型磁性磨粒光整加工的效果。结果采用粘结法磁性磨粒光整加工时,Ra值从初始的0.326μm减小到0.286μm,Rz值从初始的2.34μm减小到1.95μm,MRR为0.26μm/min。采用简单混合磁性磨粒光整加工时,Ra值从初始的0.346μm减小到0.303μm,Rz值从初始的2.42μm减小到2.09μm,MRR为0.195μm/min。采用粘弹性磁性磨粒光整加工时,6 min后达到加工极限,Ra值从初始的0.332μm减小到0.146μm,Rz值从初始的2.25μm减小到1.05μm,MRR为0.651μm/min。结论与其他类型的磁性磨粒相比,采用粘弹性磁性磨粒光整加工非磁性外圆表面时,加工效果最优,试件表面质量得到大幅度提高。     

主轴式滚磨光整加工中介质流场的数值模拟及作用机理分析

目的 研究主轴式滚磨光整加工中介质流场的作用机理和工艺参数对加工能力的影响规律。方法 基于多相流Mixture模型、标准k-ε湍流模型和压力速度耦合SIMPLEC算法,对主轴式滚磨光整加工中介质流场构成的固液两相湍流进行数值模拟。通过改变滚筒转速和工件轴心距筒壁距离等工艺参数,分析在不同参数下滚抛磨块的速度矢量和工件表面压力的分布规律,并通过测试实验验证模拟的有效性。结果 0?处静压值在32 MPa,为静压最大点;90?和270?处动压在35 MPa左右,为动压最大点。尾流区域总压力大幅削减为0°处的33%。工件表面的总压和滚筒转速成指数函数关系,且滚筒转速大于50 r/min时,0?和270?处总压值达到32 MPa,并迅速增大。工件轴心和筒壁的距离为65 mm的区域,工件表面的总压均值最大为19 MPa,且距离为30 mm时,270?处滚抛磨块受筒壁影响,总压变为负值。数值模拟和实验结果的压力平均误差为5.25%。结论 工件上正对滚抛磨块处为碰撞和挤压作用,两侧主要为滑擦作用。滚筒转速大于50 r/min且工件轴心和筒壁的距离为65 mm时,滚抛磨块对工件的加工能力较强。     

砂轮约束磨粒喷射精密光整加工表面互相关性分析

磨粒喷射精密光整加工是重要零件在磨削后进行去除表面缺陷层、降低粗糙度和波纹度为目的光整加工新工艺.试验在M7120磨床上完成,加工试样为Ra0.4～0.6 μm的45#钢.加工表面形貌和微观几何参数用SEM和TR200表面轮廓仪测量.本文应用随机过程的互相关性对磨削加工表面和光整加工表面进行了研究.试验结果表明,试样表面从连续的方向一致的沟槽被随机不连续的微坑所代替,表面粗糙度明显得到改善.随着加工循环的增加,Ra值由0.4～0.6 μm下降到0.2 μm左右.此外,光整加工可以获得各向同性网纹交错的表面,表面轮廓的支撑长度率提高,对工件的耐磨性有利.     

新型蓝宝石加工用高效水基金刚石研磨液的性能比较

为提高研磨液加工效率,改进工件表面加工质量,采用表面改性技术、助剂复配技术、超声分散技术,制备了一种蓝宝石加工用高效水基金刚石研磨液。使用该研磨液对蓝宝石进行研磨加工,可实现材料去除速率1.35μm/min、表面粗糙度值Ra16nm、表面无明显划痕等优异研磨加工效果。将自制的研磨液与同类研磨液产品的使用性能进行对比分析,结果表明:自制的金刚石研磨液在材料去除速率、加工后工件表面粗糙度值Ra以及表面划痕方面均优于其他同类产品。     

SVR-PSO算法在慢走丝线切割参数优化中的应用

针对慢走丝线切割加工中难以同时获得较快加工速度和较优表面质量的问题,从其加工参数与加工指标之间的高非线性关系入手,选取水压、脉冲时间、脉冲宽度、峰值电流和进给速率作为优化参数,以表面粗糙度(Ra)、材料去除率(MRR)作为优化指标,设计正交实验;创新运用支持向量机(SVR)结合粒子群算法(PSO)建立其多目标预测优化模型,得到最优加工参数。结果表明:所建立的多目标预测优化模型优化效果十分显著,相同Ra下MRR平均提高32%;相同MRR下Ra同比下降25%。     

磁研磨法抛光40Cr钢管件内表面的影响因素

针对磁研磨法抛光铁磁性管件内表面时的磁屏蔽问题,研制出一套磁力光整加工装置。对4种形状的磁极模型进行有限元分析,研究磁极形状、磁极转速及运动状态对抛光效果的影响,并以40Cr钢为材料进行试验验证,利用扫描电子显微镜观察加工前后工件的微观表面形貌。结果表明:磁极为环形磁极且与工件反向旋转、磁极转速为2 000r/min时加工效果好、加工效率较高;表面粗糙度值可降到Ra 0.25μm以下;工件内表面的微裂纹、凹坑等表面缺陷基本被去除,表面质量得到明显改善。由此表明,利用磁极内置的方法可以很好的解决磁屏蔽问题,并获得良好的表面加工质量。     

超声波辅助磁力研磨TC4薄壁细长管内表面研究

针对传统磁力研磨对长径较大的TC4薄壁细长管内表面进行精密抛光时,研磨效率低、材料去除量小且加工后表面质量差的问题,提出了一种超声振动辅助磁力研磨技术。采用超声振动发生装置辅助磁力研磨,通过对辅助磁极添加轴向振动,实现对TC4薄壁细长管内表面的高效精密抛光。对比添加超声振动前后工件的表面质量以及研磨效率的变化,分析了不同振动频率对工件的表面粗糙度值以及材料去除量的影响。结果表明:经过40min的研磨加工,添加了超声振动后工件的表面质量得到明显改善,表面粗糙度值由Ra1.4μm降至Ra0.25μm,材料去除量可达到50mg,高频率的振动有利于提高研磨效率以及改善工件表面的加工质量。     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Short-Time Aging on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of a Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel 2002

The effect of short-time aging in the temperature range between 400 and 1000 °C on the pitting corrosion behavior and mechanical property of a novel lean duplex stainless steel(LDSS) 2002 was investigated through the potentiostatic critical pitting temperature(CPT) tests and the Charpy impact tests. Both the pitting corrosion resistance and the toughness of aged specimens degraded due to the precipitation of detrimental secondary phases and the most significant reduction of CPT and impact energy emerged at 650 °C concurrently. The CPT of LDSS 2002 specimen aged at 650 °C decreased by 28 °C, and the impact energy dropped from 69 to 29 J/cm~2 compared with the solution-annealed sample. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the main precipitates in LDSS 2002 were Cr_2N and M_(23)C_6 along the ferrite–austenite grain boundaries.     

INTRODUCTION TO PATENTS

The invention provides a method of making a mold which can reduce SOx generation rate while preventing decrease in hardening rate in the case of using sulfuric acid for a hardener composition. The method has a mixture step in which fire-resistant particles, a hardener composition and a binder composition are mixed to obtain a composition for a mold. The hardener composition contains sulfuric acid. In the mixture step, sodium carbonate is added. A molar ratio of the sulfuric acid to the sodium carbonate is 0.5 or more and 4.0 or less.     

China Foundry Week 2014

China Foundry Week, hosted by the Foundry Institution of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society （FICMES） each year, is a large academic event in China. It is one of the ten high-impact activities sponsored by the Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society.     

17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering Call for papers

正1.Contents In order to promote the academic exchanges and technical communication of the research in the field of fluid power transmission and control,fluid control engineering specialized committee of the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics will hold the 17th Conference of Hydrodynamic and Electromechanical Control Engineering on July 27-29,2014 in Tibet,Lhasa city.     

Information for Contributors

正The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China,is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology,including mineral processing,extraction metallurgy,metallic materials and heat treatments,metal working,physical metallurgy,powder metallurgy,with the emphasis     

Preface

<正>We are pleased to present this Special Issue of Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China containing selected papers from the First Asian Conference on Aluminum Alloys(ACAA-2013),held in Beijing,China,13–17 October 2013.This conference has been initiated,with approval of     

Information for Contributors

The Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, founded in 1991 and sponsored by The Nonferrous Metals Society of China, is published monthly now and mainly contains reports of original research which reflect the new progresses in the field of nonferrous metals science and technology, including mineral processing, extraction metallurgy, metallic materials and heat treatments, metal working, physical metallurgy, powder metallurgy, with the emphasis on fundamental science. It is the unique preeminent publication in English for scientists, engineers, under/post-graduates on the field of nonferrous metals industry. This journal is covered by many famous abstract/index systems and databases such as SCI Expanded, Ei Compendex Plus, 1NSPEC, CA, METADEX, AJ and JICST.     

Formulas of Tension of Continuous Rolling Process

The development of computer controlled continuous rolling process calls for a mathematical expression that can express the inequality condition of "constant flow". Tension is the link of the continuous rolling process. From the condition of dynamic equilibrium, a differential equation of tension is given out. On the basis of the physical rules established from the industrial practice and experimental studies, the law of volume constancy, the linear relation of forward slip and tension, the state equation of continuous rolling, the formula of dynamic tension, and the formula of static tension have been obtained. These formulae reflect the functional relations between tensions, thickness, roll velocity, and time in the continuous rolling process. It is implied that the continuous rolling process is a gradually steady, controllable, and measurable dynamic system. An assumption of predicting the thickness of a steel plate using these tension formulae is also put forward.