Influence of aging modes on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy after solid solution and aging treatments were studied by using optical microscope (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) as well as tensile testing. The results indicated that β-Mg17Al12 phase was getting to distribute discontinuously along the grain boundary after treated at 395℃ ageing for 12 h followed by water-cooling, but it did not dissolve into α-Mg completely. The residual β-Mg17Al12 phase distributed along the grain boundary and had block-like or island shapes. The size of α-Mg was getting to be coarsening but not significantly. The β-Mg17Al12 precipitates appeared in discontinuous and continuous patterns from supersaturated α-Mg solid solution after aged at 200℃. The precipitation patterns were associated with the aging time essentially. The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy increased significantly but the hardness and yield strength decreased after solid solution treatment. However, with the prolonging of aging time, the hardness and strength of alloy increased while the ductility decreased.     

Microstructure and creep properties of Mg-4Al-2Sn-1 （Ca,Sr） alloys

The effects of Ca and Sr addition on the microstructure and creep properties of Mg-4Al-2Sn alloys were examined.Tensile tests at 25℃ and 200℃ and creep tests at 150℃ and 200℃ were carried out to estimate the room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties of these alloys.The microstructure of the Mg-4Al-2Sn alloy showed dendriticα-Mg,Mg17Al12 and Mg2Sn phases.The latter two phases precipitated along the grain boundaries.The addition of Ca and Sr resulted in the formation of ternary CaMgSn and SrMgSn phases within the grain.The grain size was reduced slightly with the addition of Sr and Ca.The tensile strength was decreased by the addition of Ca and Sr at room temperature.However,the high temperature tensile strength was increased.The creep strength was improved by the addition of Ca and Sr.     

Single-aging characteristics of 7055 aluminum alloy

The microstructures and properties of 7055 aluminum alloy were studied at different single-aging for up to 48 h using hardness test, tensile test, electrical conductivity measurement, XRD and TEM microstructure analysis. The results show that at the early stage of aging, the hardness and strength of the alloy increase rapidly, the peak hardness and strength are approached after 120 ℃ aging for 4 h, then maintained at a high level for a long time. The suitable single-aging treatment of 7055 alloy is 480 ℃, 1 h solution treatment and water quenching, then aging at 120 ℃ for 24 h. Under those condition, the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and electrical conductivity of the studied alloy are 513 MPa, 462 MPa, 9.5% and 29%（IACS）, respectively. During aging, the solid solution decomposes and precipitation occurs. At the early aging stage of 120 ℃, GP zones form and then grow up gradually with increasing ageing time. η′ phase forms after ageing for 4 h and η phase starts to occur after 24 h aging.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Zn-Gd-based alloys strengthened with quasicrystal and Laves phase

One kind of Mg3.5Zn0.6Gd-based alloy strengthened with quasicrystals was designed, and the effect of alloying elements on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Zn-Gd alloy at room temperature and elevated temperatures were studied. The results indicate that MgZnCu Laves phase, which coexists with quasicrystal at grain boundary, emerges with the addition of copper element in Mg-Zn-Gd alloy. The strength of alloys exhibits the parabola curve with the increase of copper content. The alloy with 1.5% （mole fraction） Cu shows better mechanical properties at room temperature： tensile strength 176 MPa, yield strength 176 MPa and elongation 6.5%. The existence of MgZnCu Laves phase can effectively improve the heat resistance and elevated temperature properties of the alloy. The alloy with 1.5% Cu has better mechanical properties at 200℃ ： tensile strength 130 MPa and elongation 18.5%. The creep test of the alloys at 200℃ and 50 MPa for 102 h indicates that Mg3.5Zn0.6Gd alloy reinforced with quasicrystal has better creep properties than AE42, which can be further improved with the introduction of Laves phase in the alloy.     

Microstructure and properties of A1-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy exposed at 200℃ with and without stress

The effect of stress on the microstructure and properties of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy under-aged at 165℃ for 2 h during thermal exposure at 200℃ was investigated. The tensile experimental results show that the remained tensile strength of both specimens at room temperature after being exposed at 200℃ with and without applying stress rises firstly, and then drops with the increasing of exposure time. The peak value of the remained strength reaches 439 MPa for non-stress-exposure for l0 h, and 454 MPa after being exposed with stress loaded for 20 h at 220 MPa. The elongation change is similar to that of strength. After being exposed for 100 h, specimen exposed at 220 MPa still remains a tensile strength of 401 MPa, larger than that exposed without applying stress. TEM shows that the microstructure of under-aged alloy is dominated by Ω phase mainly and a little θ＇ phase. The θ and Ω phases are believed competitive with increasing exposure time. The width of precipitation free zone（PFZ） increases and the granular second phase precipitates at grain-boundary correspondingly. It is shown that the mechanical properties of alloy decrease slightly and present good thermal stability after thermal exposure at 200 ℃ and 220 MPa for 100 h.     

Microstructure and properties of ZL205 alloy

The microstructure, precipitate type, precipitate distribution and tensile strength of a ZL205 alloy, before and after ageing treatment, have been studied by means of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure of the alloy was made up of α-Al and eutectic phase distributed at the grain boundaries. During ageing treatment, the tensile strength increased at first and then reduced with time, and the highest ultimate tensile strength was found to be around 488.2 MPa.     

Effect of T616 and its modified processes on mechanical properties of novel high strength A1-Li alloy-2A97

Based on a novel high strength Al-Cu-Li-X alloy-2A97, the effect of T616 and its modified processes on the properties investigated by SEM and tensile test. The results show that when the alloy is heat treated by triple ageing, with secondary low temperature ageing at 80 ℃ after initial ageing at 155 and 150℃, and final re-ageing at 135 and 165 ℃, the tensile properties are close to the peak level of aged alloy in T6 temper. The addition of plastic deformation after and prior to secondary ageing favor the T1（Al2CuLi） and δ（Al3Li） precipitation during final re-ageing at 135 and 165 ℃ corresponding to triple ageing, so the Al-Li alloy displays higher strength for the modified processes of T616. The microstructures consist of δ, T1 and θ＂/θ＂ （A12Cu） phase for single and triple aged alloy, the number density and volume fraction of δ phase increase for T616 and its modified processes correspond to single ageing.     

Influence of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties ofAZ31 magnesium alloy

Extrusion treatment is a common method to refine the grain size and improve the mechanical properties of metal material. The influence of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated. The results ,show that the mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy are obviously improved by extrusion treatment. The ultimate tensile strength （UTS） of AZ31 alloy at room temperature is measured to be 222 MPa, and is enhanced to 265.8 MPa after extrusion at 420℃. The yield tensile strength （YTS） of AZ31 alloy at room temperature is measured to be 84 MPa, and is enhanced to 201 MPa after extrusion at 420℃. The effective improvements on mechanical properties result from the formation of the finer grains during extrusion and the finer particles precipitated by age treatment. The features of the microstructure evolution during hot extruded of AZ31 alloy are dislocation slipping on the matrix and occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-5.6Li-3.37Al-1.68Zn- 1.14Ce alloy

Mg-5.6Li-3.37Al-1.68Zn-1.14Ce alloy was prepared using vacuum induction melting furnace. The microstructure and phases compostion of as-cast and as-extruded alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron mocroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of these alloys were measured with tensile tester. The results indicate that the as-cast alloy is composed of a（Mg） phase and rod-like Al2Ce compound. Al2Ce has the refining effect on the microstructure of alloy. During the extrusion at 523 K, dynamic recrystallization happens in the alloy. The dynamic recrystallization refines the grain size of alloy obviously. The phases are refined clearly after extrusion deformation, and the strength and ductility of the alloy are increased accordingly.     

Effects of Ce and Sb on the microstructure and properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy prepared by the EPC process

The effects of small amounts of cerium and antimony additions on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of AZ91D（Mg-9Al-Zn） based alloy were researched via the expendable pattern casting（EPC） process.The results show that the microstructure is obviously refined and the tensile strength of the AZ91D based alloy at ambient temperature is significantly improved.When compared to AZ91D,the AZ91D-1.0?-0.4%Sb alloy has higher ultimate tensile strength and elongation.Its ultimate tensile strength and elongation are enhanced by 39% and 47%,respectively.The morphology of the tensile fracture of the AZ91D-1.0?-0.4%Sb alloy has more characteristics of quasi-cleavage.This indicates that it has had a larger plastic deformation before failure.The tensile strength and elongation decrease with the increase of Ce and Sb contents because of the coarsening and volume increase of CeSb and Al11Ce3 phases.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of forged Al-7.1Zn-1.1Mg-1.6Cu-0.14Zr alloy after two-step ageing treatment at 120 and 170℃

The tensile properties,electrical conductivity,and microstructure of the forged Al-7.1Zn-1.1Mg-1.6Cu-0.14Zr alloy were investigated after a two-step ageing treatment at 120 and 170℃.The results indicate that the strength of the alloy reaches the peak value at 170℃ for 1 h during the second step ageing and then decreases sharply.However,the electrical conductivity value increases continuously with the second ageing time increasing.The fracture mechanism of the alloy is intergranular fracture for 1 h and then changes to dimple transgranular fracture later,and the toughness of the alloy is improved significantly.The phases of η' and η are major precipitates in the alloy under the two-step ageing condition.Discontinuous grain boundary precipitates and precipitate-free zones along the grain boundary are clearly observed.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of forged AI-7.1Zn-1.1Mg- 1.6Cu-0.14Zr alloy after two-step ageing treatment at 120 and 170℃

The tensile properties, electrical conductivity, and microstructure of the forged Al-7.1Zn-1.1Mg-1.6Cu-0.14Zr alloy were investigated after a two-step ageing treatment at 120 and 170°C. The results indicate that the strength of the alloy reaches the peak value at 170°C for 1 h during the second step ageing and then decreases sharply. However, the electrical conductivity value increases continuously with the second ageing time increasing. The fracture mechanism of the alloy is intergranular fracture for 1 h and then changes to dimple transgranular fracture later, and the toughness of the alloy is improved significantly. The phases of η′ and η are major precipitates in the alloy under the two-step ageing condition. Discontinuous grain boundary precipitates and precipitate-free zones along the grain boundary are clearly observed.     

7A04铝合金时效强化的试验研究及其强度计算

以铝合金时效强化动力学理论为基础,研究了高温预热固溶处理后不同的时效工艺对7A04铝合金组织和性能的影响,得到了优化的双级时效工艺.在此基础上,建立了合金成分、析出相尺寸及其体积分数与合金屈服强度之间的计算模型,并利用该模型对7A04铝合金单级时效和双级时效后的屈服强度进行计算.该模型集成了固溶强化和弥散强化对合金屈服强度的贡献,在达到最大时效强度之前,计算结果和试验测量结果较为一致.此后,随着强化相体积分数计算偏差增加,计算强度与测量强度之间的误差也有所增大.     

新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金型材回归再时效处理的组织与性能

采用拉伸、硬度、电导率测试和透射电镜分析等方法研究了不同回归处理工艺对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金型材组织与性能的影响。结果表明,采用120℃×24 h+180℃×45 min+120℃×24 h回归再时效处理后,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和电导率分别为613.5 MPa、599 MPa、11.1%和39.2%IASC。与T6态相比,合金在抗拉强度和伸长率相当的情况下,屈服强度和电导率显著提高,合金的抗应力腐蚀性能明显改善。合金晶内为细小的η’相和η相,晶界沉淀相断续分布,伴有较窄的晶界无析出带。     

时效工艺对WE43镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

研究了WE43稀土镁合金在不同热处理工艺下显微组织、力学性能的变化规律,从而得出最佳的热处理工艺。研究结果表明WE43稀土镁合金铸态组织为等轴状晶粒,比较均匀,平均晶粒尺寸为40 μm;铸造冷却凝固的过程中,在晶界处形成了离异共晶组织;经520 ℃×8 h固溶处理后的组织,共晶相的数量和形态发生了明显的变化,枝晶偏析基本消除,晶界上仍有少量未溶的第二相。230 ℃×8 h时效后稀土第二相的数量增加,并且在晶粒内部析出了点状弥散的稀土相;经过250 ℃×16 h的时效后,合金的硬度达到了峰值,随着时效时间的继续延长,合金的硬度下降。固溶处理后WE43稀土镁合金的抗拉强度为162.59 MPa左右,断后伸长率约为5.0%;而经过250 ℃时效处理后,其抗拉强度明显增加,断后伸长率在4%左右。     

添加Ca和Sr元素对ZK61镁合金组织与性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、Vickers硬度计及拉伸试验机等观察并研究了添加Ca和Sr元素及热处理工艺对ZK61镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:单独添加Ca元素时,在ZK61-xCa合金α-Mg基体上析出了形状不规则的MgZn和MgZn2相;复合添加Ca、Sr元素时,在α-Mg基体上形成了沿晶界分布的Mg17Sr2新相。当固溶温度和时间为350℃×12 h,时效温度和时间为200℃×12 h时,合金的组织与性能达到最优。当元素Ca=1.0%,Sr=0.5%时,热处理后合金的性能最优,其抗拉强度为141.9 MPa,伸长率为15.6%,维氏硬度为51.6 HV。     

Effects of Multiple Plastic Deformations on Microstruc-ture and Mechanical Properties of 7A04-T6

The influences of multiple plastic deformations on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7A04-T6 alloy by isothermal compression experiments in different passes deformation on the 6300 kN extrusion press. The experimental results showed that the strength and elongation of 7A04-T6 alloy were increased firstly and then decreased as the deformation pass increases at above 400 ℃. The grains of 7A04-T6 alloy was refined firstly and then grow, the grain was become refinement after four deformations under this experimental conditions. The second phase η (MgZn2) in the matrix would precipitate after solution, precipitation strengthening taking place. It is obvious that the number of second phase which dissolve into the matrix will increase as the deformation pass increasing. So the tensile strength reached the highest after four deformations, is 590.9 MPa, yield strength is 532.5 MPa, and elongation is 12.4%. After four deformations of 7A04-T6 alloy, tensile fracture surface of samples was composed of the deep and uniform dimples, belonging to ductile fracture. Therefore, 7A04-T6 alloy has better comprehensive mechanical properties after four deformations.     

时效处理对AZ81镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过对挤压坯预成形AZ81镁合金进行模压成形及随后的时效处理,研究了形变及时效过程中显微组织及力学性能的变化规律.结果表明:时效温度埘AZ81镁合金力学性能及显微组织的影响较大,随时效温度升高至200℃,第二相的析出速度加快,且析出相分布变得均匀,细小析出相呈弥散状态分布于晶界上;随时效时间的延长.β-Mg17Al12析出相逐渐增多,当时效温度为200℃、时效20h时,晶界大多被析出物所掩盖,晶粒内充满大量点针状析出相,合金显微组织的各向异性得以消除,成分较为均匀,进一步提高了模压成形镁合金的力学性能,经400℃模压成形及200℃×20 h的时效处理后,其抗拉强度可达358.5 MPa,屈服强度达到260.7 MPa,伸长率为9.8%.     

热处理对粉末冶金Inconel 718高温合金组织及性能的影响

以超高转速等离子旋转电极法(SS-PREP法)制备的高球形度Inconel 718高温合金粉末为原料,采用热等静压(HIP)工艺制备了Inconel 718粉末高温合金,重点研究了热处理制度对合金组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用SS-PREP法制得的Inconel 718高温合金粉末粒度分布均匀,球形度良好,具有优异的HIP工艺性能;随着固溶温度的提高,合金晶界逐渐变浅,说明晶界析出相数量逐渐减少。时效热处理后,沿晶界析出大量针状δ相,同时还有少量MC碳化物相。在1210℃、120MPa条件下保温保压4h的HIP工艺下,经1020℃固溶热处理后,合金室温抗拉强度可达1404MPa;经980℃固溶处理后,合金在650℃的高温抗拉强度为1153MPa,固溶处理温度为980℃的合金综合性能较好。     

长期时效对GH4586B合金组织及高温拉伸性能的影响

研究了一种新型镍基合金在750℃下长期时效1500 h过程中的组织变化及其对750℃高温拉伸性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜对合金长期时效过程中的显微组织和高温拉伸断口进行了观察分析。结果表明:GH4586B合金在时效过程中晶界和晶内均有碳化物析出,晶界析出碳化物的形貌呈弥散的颗粒状,并随时效时间的延长有逐步转变为连续链状的趋势,同时合金内未见有害拓扑密堆(TCP)相析出;合金在750℃高温下拉伸,随着时效时间的延长合金的强度和塑性在500 h时表现为峰值,且随着时效时间的延长略有降低,这与晶界析出碳化物的形貌、分布、数量直接相关;通过750℃高温拉伸断口的形貌分析,合金断裂均具有塑性断裂特征。